Motokari yega yega yemazuva ano ine jenareta yemagetsi inogadzira ikozvino yekushanda kwe-on-board magetsi system nemidziyo yayo yese.Chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zvejenereta ndiyo stator yakagadziriswa.Verenga nezve iyo jenareta stator, kuti inoshanda uye inoshanda sei mune ino chinyorwa.
Chinangwa chejenereta stator
Mumotokari dzemazuva ano uye dzimwe mota, synchronous matatu-phase alternators ane self-excitation anoshandiswa.Jenareta yakajairika ine stator yakagadziriswa yakagadziriswa mudzimba, rotor ine mafambiro emhepo, gungano rebhurashi (inopa ikozvino kumunda wemhepo), uye rectifier unit.Zvese zvikamu zvakaunganidzwa kuita dhizaini ine compact, iyo yakaiswa painjini uye ine bhandi dhiraivha kubva ku crankshaft.
Iyo stator chikamu chakagadziriswa chemotokari alternator inotakura mhepo inoshanda.Munguva yekushanda kwejenereta, iri mu stator windings iyo magetsi anomuka, iyo inoshandurwa (yakagadziriswa) uye inodyiswa mu-on-board network.
Jenareta stator ine akati wandei mabasa:
• Inotakura mhepo inoshanda umo magetsi anogadzirwa;
• Inoita basa rechikamu chemuviri kuti rigadzirire kushanda kwemhepo;
• Inotamba basa remagnetic circuit kuwedzera inductance yekushanda kwemhepo uye kugovera kwakarurama kwemitsara yemagineti;
• Inoita sechidzitiro chekupisa - inobvisa kupisa kwakanyanya kubva pakupisa kwemhepo.
Ese mastator ane dhizaini yakafanana uye haana kusiyana mumhando dzakasiyana.
Jenereta stator dhizaini
Zvimiro, iyo stator ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:
• Ring core;
• Kushanda mhepo ( windings);
• Insulation ye windings.
Iyo yakakosha yakaunganidzwa kubva kune iron mhete mahwendefa ane grooves mukati.Pakeji inoumbwa kubva kumahwendefa, kuomarara uye kusimba kwechimiro chinopiwa ne welding kana riveting.Mukati, ma grooves anogadzirirwa kuisa ma windings, uye imwe neimwe protrusion ijoko (core) yekutenderera kunotenderera.Iyo musimboti inounganidzwa kubva kumaplateti ane ukobvu hwe 0.8-1 mm, akagadzirwa nemagiredhi akasarudzika esimbi kana ferroalloys ane imwe magineti permeability.Panogona kunge paine zvimbi kunze kwe stator yekuvandudza kupisa kupisa, pamwe neakasiyana grooves kana recesses kuti dock pamwe jenareta imba.
Matatu-phase jenareta anoshandisa matatu windings, imwe pachikamu.Imwe neimwe inomonereka inogadzirwa nemhangura insulated waya yeyakakura muchinjiko-chikamu (ine dhayamita ye0.9 kusvika 2 mm kana kupfuura), iyo inoiswa mune imwe kurongeka mumigero yepakati.Iwo ma windings ane materminals ayo alternating current anobviswa, kazhinji nhamba yepini ndeye matatu kana mana, asi pane stators ane zviteshi zvitanhatu (imwe neimwe yeatatu windings ine materminal ayo ekugadzira majoisheni emhando imwe kana imwe).
Mune grooves yepakati pane insulating material inodzivirira kuvhara kwetambo kubva pakukuvara.Zvakare, mune mamwe marudzi emastators, insulating wedges inogona kuiswa mumagrooves, ayo anowedzera kuita senge inogadzirisa yekutenderera inotenderera.Iyo stator gungano inogona kuwedzera kuisirwa ne epoxy resins kana varnishes, iyo inovimbisa kutendeseka kwechimiro (inodzivirira kushanduka kwekutendeuka) uye inovandudza magetsi ayo ekudzivirira emagetsi.
Iyo stator yakasungirirwa mudzimba jenareta, uye nhasi iyo inonyanya kushandiswa dhizaini ndiyo iyo iyo stator core inoshanda sechikamu chemuviri.Izvi zvinoshandiswa zviri nyore: stator inosungirirwa pakati pezvivharo zviviri zveimba yejenareta, iyo yakasimbiswa nemashizha - "sandwich" yakadai inokubvumira kuti ugadzire madhizaini ekugadzirisa nekutonhora kwakanaka uye nyore kugadzirisa.Iyo yakagadzirwa zvakare yakakurumbira, iyo iyo stator inosanganiswa nechemberi chivharo chejenereta, uye chifukidzo chemashure chinobviswa uye chinopa ruzivo kune rotor, stator nezvimwe zvikamu.
Mhando uye maitiro e stators
Iyo stators yejenereta inosiyana muhuwandu uye chimiro che grooves, chirongwa chekuisa mhepo mu grooves, iyo wiring diagram ye windings uye maitiro emagetsi.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba yegrooves yekutendeuka kwemhepo, stators ndeyemhando mbiri:
• Ne 18 slots;
• Ne 36 slots.
Nhasi, iyo 36-slot dhizaini ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, sezvo inopa zvirinani kushanda kwemagetsi.Majenareta ane stator ane 18 grooves nhasi anogona kuwanikwa pane dzimwe mota dzepamba dzekutanga kuburitswa.
Zvinoenderana nechimiro cheiyo grooves, stators ndeyemhando nhatu:
• Ne grooves yakazaruka - grooves ye rectangular cross-section, inoda kuwedzera kugadziriswa kwekutenderera kunotenderera;
• Ne semi-yakavharwa (wedge-shaped) grooves - iyo grooves yakanyungudutswa kumusoro, saka mhepo inoputika inogadziriswa nekuisa insulating wedges kana cambrics (PVC tubes);
• Ne semi-yakavharwa grooves ye windings ne-single-turn coils - iyo grooves ine yakaoma cross-section yekuisa imwe kana maviri kutendeuka kwetambo huru-diameter kana waya nenzira ye tepi yakakura.
Zvinoenderana neayo yekuisa yekuisa chirongwa, stators ndeyemhando nhatu:
• Iine loop (loop distributed) circuit - tambo yemhepo imwe neimwe inosungirirwa inoiswa mumigero yepakati ine zvishwe (kazhinji kutendeuka kumwe kunotarirwa mukuwedzera kwema grooves maviri, kutendeuka kwechipiri uye chechitatu windings inoiswa mune idzi grooves. - saka ma windings anowana shanduko inodiwa kugadzira matatu-chikamu alternating ikozvino;
• Nemasaisai akatarisana nedunhu - tambo yemhepo yega yega inoiswa muma grooves mumafungu, ichivapfuura kubva kune rumwe rutivi kuenda kune rumwe, uye mune imwe neimwe groove kune matende maviri eimwe inotenderera inotungamirwa mune imwe nzira;
• Nemafungu akagoverwa dunhu - waya inoiswawo mumafungu, asi kutendeuka kweimwe mhepo mu grooves inotungamirirwa nenzira dzakasiyana.
Kune chero mhando ye stacking, imwe neimwe inomonereka ine matende matanhatu akagoverwa pamusoro pepakati.
Pasinei nzira yekuisa waya, pane zvirongwa zviviri zvekubatanidza windings:
• "Nyeredzi" - munyaya iyi, mhepo inoputika yakabatanidzwa mukufanana (migumo yemativi ose matatu akabatanidzwa pane imwe (zero) pfungwa, uye zvigaro zvavo zvekutanga zvakasununguka);
• "Triangle" - munyaya iyi, windings yakabatanidzwa mumutsara (kutanga kweimwe mhepo nekuguma kweimwe).
Kana uchibatanidza ma windings ne "nyeredzi", iyo yakakwirira ikozvino inoonekwa, dunhu iri rinoshandiswa pamajenereta ane simba risingasviki 1000 watts, rinoshanda zvinobudirira pakuderera kwakaderera.Kana uchibatanidza ma windings ne "triangle", ikozvino inoderedzwa (1.7 nguva inoenderana ne "nyeredzi"), zvisinei, majenereta ane chirongwa chakadaro chekubatanidza anoshanda zviri nani pamasimba makuru, uye mutyairi wechikamu chiduku chinogona kuva. anoshandiswa pakuita mahwindi.
Kazhinji, panzvimbo ye "triangle", "double star" yedunhu inoshandiswa, iyo iyo stator haifaniri kuva netatu, asi mhepo nhanhatu - mhepo nhatu dzakabatanidzwa ne "nyeredzi", uye "nyeredzi" mbiri dzakabatana. mutoro wakafanana.
Panyaya yekushanda, kune stators, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndeye rated voltage, simba uye yakarongwa ikozvino mumhepo.Zvinoenderana neiyo nominal voltage, stators (uye jenareta) zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:
• Nemhepo inoputika ye14 V - yemotokari dzine pa-board network voltage ye12 V;
• Nemagetsi mumhepo ye28 V - yemidziyo ine on-board network voltage ye24 V.
Iyo jenareta inoburitsa yakakwira voltage, sezvo kudonha kwemagetsi kunoitika mune rectifier uye stabilizer, uye pamusuwo we-on-board magetsi grid, yakajairika voltage ye12 kana 24 V yatoonekwa.
Mazhinji jenareta emota, matirakita, mabhazi uye zvimwe midziyo ine yakayerwa ikozvino ye20 kusvika 60 A, 30-35 A inokwana mota, 50-60 A yemarori, majenereta ane ikozvino anosvika zana nemakumi mashanu kana anopfuura A anogadzirwa. yemidziyo inorema.
Kushanda Nheyo yeJenareta Stator
Kushanda kwe stator uye jenareta rose kunobva pane chiitiko che electromagnetic induction - kuitika kwezvino mune conductor inofamba mune magineti kana kuzorora mune inoshandura magineti.Mune majenereta emotokari, yechipiri musimboti unoshandiswa - kondakita umo ikozvino inomuka iri pakuzorora, uye iyo magnetic field inogara ichichinja (inotenderera).
Apo injini inotanga, jenareta rotor inotanga kutenderera, panguva imwe chete magetsi kubva kubheteri anopiwa kune iyo inofadza mhepo.Iyo rotor ine-multi-pole steel core, iyo, kana ikozvino inoshandiswa kune inoputika, inova electromagnet, zvichiteerana, rotor inotenderera inogadzira inoshandura magnetic field.Mitsara yemunda yemunda uyu inopindirana ne stator iri pedyo ne rotor.Iyo stator musimboti inogovera iyo magineti neimwe nzira, mitsara yayo yesimba inoyambuka kutendeuka kweanoshanda windings - nekuda kweiyo electromagnetic induction, ikozvino inogadzirwa mukati mayo, iyo inobviswa kubva kumaterminals emhepo, inopinda mukugadzirisa, stabilizer uye pane-bhodhi network.
Nekuwedzera kweinjini yekumhanya, chikamu chezvino kubva kune stator kushanda mhepo inopedzwa kune rotor munda inomonereka - saka jenareta inopinda mukuzvidzora-excitation muoti uye haichada wechitatu-bato ikozvino tsime.
Panguva yekushanda, stator yejenereta inosangana nekupisa uye mitoro yemagetsi, uye inoratidzirwawo kune zvakaipa zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza.Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira pakuipa kwekuvharidzira pakati pema windings uye kuparara kwemagetsi.Muchiitiko ichi, stator inoda kugadziriswa kana kuchinjwa zvachose.Nekugadzirisa nguva dzose uye kuchinjwa panguva yakakodzera ye stator, jenereta ichashanda yakavimbika, ichinyatsopa motokari nesimba remagetsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-24-2023