Isithuthi ngasinye sanamhlanje sixhotyiswe ngejenereyitha yombane eyenza ngoku ukuze kusebenze inkqubo yombane ekwibhodi kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zayo.Enye yezona nxalenye eziphambili zejeneretha yi-stator esisigxina.Funda malunga nokuba yintoni i-stator ye-generator, isebenza njani kwaye isebenza njani kweli nqaku.
Injongo yestator yejeneretha
Kwiimoto zanamhlanje kunye nezinye iimoto, ii-synchronous alternators ezithathu ezine-self-excitation zisetyenziswa.I-generator eqhelekileyo iqulethe i-stator esisigxina egxininiswe kwizindlu, i-rotor ene-excitation winding, i-brush assembly (ukubonelela ngoku kwi-winding field), kunye neyunithi yokuhlaziya.Onke amalungu adityaniswe kuyilo oludityanisiweyo, oluxhonywe kwi-injini kwaye inokuqhuba ibhanti ukusuka kwi-crankshaft.
I-stator yinxalenye esisigxina ye-alternator yemoto ephethe i-winding yokusebenza.Ngethuba lokusebenza kwejeneretha, ku-stator windings ukuba kuvele umbane wombane, oguqulwayo (ulungiswe) kwaye utyiswe kwinethiwekhi yebhodi.
Istator yejeneretha inemisebenzi emininzi:
• Ithwala ijiko elisebenzayo apho uveliswa khona umsinga wombane;
• Yenza umsebenzi welungu lomzimba ukulungiselela ukujija okusebenzayo;
• Udlala indima yesekethe yemagnethi ukunyusa i-inductance ye-winding esebenzayo kunye nokusasazwa okuchanekileyo kwemigca yomhlaba wemagnethi;
• Isebenza njengendawo yokufudumeza ubushushu - isusa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kwiijiko zokufudumeza.
Zonke i-stators zinoyilo olufanayo kwaye azihlukanga kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Uyilo lwe-stator yejeneretha
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-stator inezahlulo ezintathu eziphambili:
• Undoqo weringi;
• Ukujija okusebenzayo (i-windings);
• Ukugqunywa kwee-windings.
Ingundoqo ihlanganiswe kwiiplate zentsimbi yentsimbi kunye ne-grooves ngaphakathi.Iphakheji yenziwe kwiiplate, ukuqina kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo kunikwa nge-welding okanye i-riveting.Kwi-core, i-grooves yenzelwe ukubeka i-windings, kwaye i-protrusion nganye yijoka (ingundoqo) yokujika okujikelezayo.Ingundoqo ihlanganiswe kwiiplate ezinobunzima be-0.8-1 mm, ezenziwe ngamabakala akhethekileyo ensimbi okanye i-ferroalloys ene-permeability ethile yamagnetic.Kusenokubakho amaphiko kumphandle westator ukuphucula ukuchithwa kobushushu, kunye nemijelo eyahlukeneyo okanye iindawo zokuhlala kwidokhi kunye nendlu yejenereyitha.
Iijenereyitha zamanqanaba amathathu zisebenzisa i-windings ezintathu, enye ngesigaba ngasinye.Ukujija nganye kwenziwa ngocingo olubiyelweyo lobhedu lwecandelo elikhulu elinqamlezayo (elinobubanzi obuyi-0.9 ukuya kwi-2 mm okanye ngaphezulu), olubekwe ngendlela ethile kwimijelo ye-core.I-windings ineetheminali apho i-alternating current isuswa khona, ngokuqhelekileyo inani lezikhonkwane zintathu okanye ezine, kodwa kukho i-stators ezineetheminali ezintandathu (nganye kwii-windings ezintathu ineetheminali zayo zokwenza ukudibanisa kolunye uhlobo okanye olunye).
Kwi-grooves ye-core kukho into ekhuselayo ekhusela ukugquma kocingo kumonakalo.Kwakhona, kwezinye iintlobo ze-stators, i-insulating wedges inokufakwa kwi-grooves, eyongezelelweyo isebenze njenge-fixator yokujika okujikayo.Indibano ye-stator inokudityaniswa ukongezwa nge-epoxy resins okanye i-varnishes, eqinisekisa ingqibelelo yesakhiwo (ithintela ukutshintshwa kokujika) kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zayo zokukhusela umbane.
I-stator ifakwe ngokungqongqo kwizindlu zejeneretha, kwaye namhlanje i-design esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo apho i-stator core isebenza njengenxalenye yomzimba.Oku kuphunyezwa ngokulula: i-stator igxininiswe phakathi kweekhava ezimbini zezindlu zejeneretha, eziqiniswe nge-studs - "isandwich" enjalo ikuvumela ukuba wenze i-compact designs kunye nokupholisa okusebenzayo kunye nokulula ukulungiswa.Uyilo nalo luyathandwa, apho i-stator idibaniswe nekhava yangaphambili yejeneretha, kwaye ikhava yangasemva iyasuswa kwaye inikezela ukufikelela kwi-rotor, stator kunye nezinye iindawo.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu zestators
I-stators ye-generator ihluke kwinani kunye nokuma kwee-grooves, isicwangciso sokubeka i-windings kwi-grooves, i-diagram ye-wiring ye-windings kunye neempawu zombane.
Ngokwenani leegrooves zokujika kwee-windings, i-stators zihlobo ezimbini:
• Ngeendawo zokubeka ezili-18;
• Ngeendawo zokubeka ezingama-36.
Namhlanje, idizayini ye-slot ye-36 iyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, njengoko inika ukusebenza kombane okungcono.Iijenereyitha ezine-stators ezine-18 grooves namhlanje zinokufumaneka kwiimoto zasekhaya zokukhutshwa kwangaphambili.
Ngokwemilo yeegrooves, i-stators ntlobo ezintathu:
• Ngama-grooves avulekileyo - i-grooves ye-cross-section ye-rectangular, zifuna ukulungiswa okongeziweyo kokujika okujikelezayo;
• Nge-semi-closed (i-wedge-shaped) grooves - i-grooves ifakwe phezulu, ngoko ii-coil ezijikelezayo zilungiswa ngokufaka i-insulating wedges okanye i-cambrics (ii-PVC tubes);
• Nge-semi-closed grooves ye-windings ene-single-turn coils - i-grooves ine-cross-section eyinkimbinkimbi yokubeka enye okanye ezimbini zocingo ezinobubanzi obukhulu okanye ucingo ngendlela ye-tape ebanzi.
Ngokweskimu sokubeka i-winging, i-stators ziindidi ezintathu:
• Nge-loop (i-loop esasazwayo) isiphaluka - ucingo lwe-winding nganye lufakwe kwi-grooves ye-core kunye ne-loops (ngokuqhelekileyo ukujika okukodwa kubekwe ngokunyuka kwee-grooves ezimbini, ukujika kwe-winding yesibini neyesithathu kufakwe kule mijelo. - ngoko ke i-windings ifumana utshintsho oluyimfuneko ukuvelisa i-alternating current yesigaba sesithathu);
• Ngomjikelezo ogxininisiweyo we-wave - ucingo lwe-winding nganye lufakwe kwi-grooves kumaza, lugqithise ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, kwaye kwi-groove nganye kukho ukujika okubili kwe-winding enye eqondiswe kwicala elinye;
• Ngomjikelezo osasazwa ngamaza - ucingo lukwabekwe ngamaza, kodwa ukujika kwe-winding enye kwi-grooves iqondiswe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokupakisha, i-winding nganye ineenguqu ezintandathu ezisasazwa phezu kombindi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokubeka ucingo, kukho izicwangciso ezimbini zokudibanisa i-windings:
• "Inkwenkwezi" - kulo mzekelo, i-windings idibene ngokuhambelana (iziphelo zazo zonke ezintathu zomoya zixhunyiwe kwindawo enye (zero), kwaye i-terminals yabo yokuqala ikhululekile);
• "I-Triangle" - kule meko, i-windings ixhunyiwe kwi-series (isiqalo sesinye i-winding kunye nesiphelo somnye).
Xa udibanisa i-windings kunye ne "nkwenkwezi", i-current ephezulu ibonwa, le ngqungquthela isetyenziswe kwiijeneretha ezinamandla angaphezu kwama-watts angama-1000, asebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwisantya esiphantsi.Xa udibanisa i-windings nge "triangle", i-current iyancitshiswa (i-1.7 amaxesha ngokumalunga ne "nkwenkwezi"), nangona kunjalo, iijeneretha ezineskimu esinjalo sokudibanisa zisebenza ngcono kumagunya aphezulu, kunye nomqhubi wecandelo elincinci elinqamlezayo esetyenziselwa ukugoba kwawo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, endaweni ye "triangle", isekethe "yeenkwenkwezi ezimbini" isetyenzisiweyo, apho i-stator ifanele ingabi nantathu, kodwa i-windings emithandathu - i-windings emithathu idibaniswe "yinkwenkwezi", kwaye "iinkwenkwezi" ezimbini zixhunyiwe umthwalo ngokuhambelana.
Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni, kwi-stators, into ebaluleke kakhulu yi-voltage elinganisiweyo, amandla kunye nokulinganiswa kwangoku kwii-windings.Ngokwamandla ombane, i-stators (kunye neejenereyitha) zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini:
• Ngombane ojikelezayo we-14 V - kwizithuthi ezine-on-board network voltage ye-12 V;
• Ngombane kwi-windings ye-28 V - kwisixhobo esinombane wombane okwibhodi we-24 V.
Ijeneretha ivelisa i-voltage ephezulu, ekubeni ukuhla kwamandla ombane kwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo kwi-rectifier kunye ne-stabilizer, kwaye ekungeneni kwigridi yamandla ebhodi, i-voltage eqhelekileyo ye-12 okanye i-24 V sele ibonwa.
Uninzi lweejenereyitha zeemoto, iitrektara, iibhasi kunye nezinye izixhobo zinexesha elilinganiselweyo le-20 ukuya kwi-60 A, i-30-35 A yanele kwiimoto, i-50-60 A kwiilori, iijenereyitha ezinomsinga ukuya kwi-150 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-A ziyaveliswa. kwizixhobo ezinzima.
UmGaqo wokuSebenza weStator yeGenereyitha
Ukusebenza kwe-stator kunye ne-generator yonke isekelwe kwi-phenomenon ye-electromagnetic induction - ukwenzeka kwangoku kwi-conductor ehamba kwintsimi yamagnetic okanye iphumla kwintsimi yamagnetic.Kwiijeneretha zemoto, umgaqo wesibini usetyenziswa - umqhubi apho ukhoyo ngoku uphumle, kwaye umbane wamagnetic uhlala uguquka (ujikeleza).
Xa i-injini iqala, i-rotor ye-generator iqala ukujikeleza, kwangaxeshanye i-voltage esuka kwibhetri inikezelwa kwi-winding yayo enomdla.I-rotor ine-core yensimbi ye-multi-pole, ethi, xa ikhoyo ngoku isetyenziswe kwi-winding, iba yi-electromagnet, ngokulandelanayo, i-rotor ejikelezayo idala intsimi yamagnetic.Imigca yentsimi yalo mmandla idibanisa i-stator ejikeleze i-rotor.I-stator core isasaza intsimi yamagnetic ngendlela ethile, imigca yayo yamandla inqumla ukujika kwee-windings zokusebenza - ngenxa yokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, i-current iveliswa kuzo, ekhutshwe kwii-terminals ze-winding, ingena kwi-rectifier; uzinziso kunye nenethiwekhi ekwibhodi.
Ngokunyuka kwesantya se-injini, inxalenye yangoku evela kwi-stator esebenza ngokujijayo isondliwa kwi-rotor field winding - ngoko ke i-generator ingena kwimodi yokuzivuselela kwaye ayifuni umthombo wangoku womntu wesithathu.
Ngethuba lokusebenza, i-stator ye-generator ifumana ukushisa kunye nemithwalo yombane, kwaye iphinda ibonakaliswe kwiimpembelelo ezimbi zendalo.Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kwe-insulation phakathi kwe-windings kunye nokuphuka kombane.Kule meko, i-stator idinga ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo.Ngokulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo le-stator, i-generator iya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, inikezela ngokuzinzileyo imoto ngamandla ombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-24-2023