A cikin kowane injin konewa na ciki na piston, zaku iya samun babban ɓangaren injin ɗin crank da sauran tsarin da ke da alaƙa - flywheel.Karanta duk game da ƙaya, nau'ikan da suke da su, ƙira da ƙa'idar aiki, kazalika da zaɓi, gyarawa da maye gurbin waɗannan sassa a cikin wannan labarin.
Matsayi da wurin tashi a cikin injin
Flywheel (flywheel) - taro na crank inji (KShM), kama da piston na ciki konewa tsarin kaddamar da inji;Located a kan shank na crankshaft ne karfe faifai na babban taro tare da zobe kaya, wanda tabbatar da barga aiki na mota saboda tarawa da kuma m dawo da motsi makamashi.
Ayyukan injunan ƙonewa na cikin gida ba daidai ba ne - a cikin kowane silinda, ana yin bugun jini guda huɗu a cikin jujjuyawar shaft guda biyu, kuma a cikin kowane bugun piston ɗin ya bambanta.Don kawar da jujjuya rashin daidaituwa na crankshaft, bugun guda ɗaya a cikin silinda daban-daban suna nisa cikin lokaci, kuma an gabatar da ƙarin naúrar a cikin KShM - ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafar ƙarfe da aka gyara a baya na crankshaft.
The flywheel yana magance ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa:
● Tabbatar da daidaitattun daidaituwa na saurin kusurwa na crankshaft;
● Tabbatar da cire pistons daga matattu;
● Wayar da juzu'i daga crankshaft zuwa tsarin kamawa sannan zuwa akwatin gear;
● Wayar da juzu'i daga kayan farawa zuwa crankshaft lokacin fara naúrar wutar lantarki;
Wasu nau'ikan sassa sune damping na torsional vibration da girgiza, yankewar KShM da watsa abin hawa.
Wannan bangare, saboda girmansa mai yawa, yana tara makamashin motsa jiki da aka samu yayin bugun jini kuma yana ba shi crankshaft akan sauran bugun jini guda uku - wannan yana tabbatar da daidaituwa da kwanciyar hankali na saurin kusurwa na crankshaft, da janyewar pistons. daga TDC da TDC (saboda tasowar inertial sojojin).Har ila yau, ta hanyar keken jirgi ne injin ke sadarwa tare da isar da motar da kuma isar da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki daga na'urar kunna wutar lantarki zuwa crankshaft lokacin da injin ya kunna.Jirgin tashi yana da mahimmanci ga aikin yau da kullun na abin hawa, don haka idan ya yi kuskure, ya zama dole a aiwatar da gyare-gyare ko kammala maye gurbin da wuri-wuri.Amma kafin fara aikin gyaran gyare-gyare, ya kamata ku fahimci nau'o'in da ake da su, zane-zane da siffofi na kullun na injunan konewa na zamani.
Taro mai tashi sama da injin crankshaft
Nau'o'i da tsari na ƙafar ƙafa
A kan injina na zamani, ana amfani da ƙaya na ƙira iri-iri, amma nau'ikan waɗannan sassa uku sun fi yaɗu:
● M;
● Mara nauyi;
● Damper (ko dual-mass).
Na'urar mafi sauƙi tana da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwanƙwasa, waɗanda ake amfani da su akan mafi yawan injunan konewa na ciki na piston - daga ƙananan motoci zuwa masana'antu mafi ƙarfi, dizal da injunan ruwa.Tushen zane shine simintin ƙarfe ko diski na ƙarfe tare da diamita na 30-40 cm ko fiye, a tsakiyar wanda akwai wurin zama don shigarwa akan crankshaft shank, kuma an danna kambi a gefen gefen.Wurin zama don crankshaft yawanci ana yin shi ne ta hanyar haɓakawa (hub), a tsakiyar wanda akwai rami mai girman diamita, kuma a kusa da kewayen akwai ramuka 4-12 ko fiye don kusoshi, ta hanyar ta hanyar jirgin sama. an gyara shi akan flange na shaft shank.A saman filin jirgin sama, akwai wurin da za a shigar da clutch kuma an kafa kushin tuntuɓar faifan clutch.A gefen ƙwanƙwasa, ana danna kayan zobe na ƙarfe a ciki, wanda, a lokacin farawa, ana watsa juzu'i daga kayan farawa zuwa crankshaft.
Yawancin lokaci, a cikin masana'antu, ƙayyadaddun jirgi yana daidaitawa don hana gudu yayin aikin injiniya.Lokacin daidaitawa a wurare daban-daban na jirgin sama, an cire ƙarfe da yawa (hakowa), kuma don manufar daidaitawa a wani matsayi, an shigar da kama da sauran sassa (idan an bayar).A nan gaba, da fuskantarwa na flywheel da kama kada su canza, in ba haka ba za a yi rashin daidaituwa da cewa shi ne mai hatsari ga crankshaft da dukan engine.
Ƙallon ƙafar ƙafa masu nauyi suna da irin wannan ƙira, amma ana yin tagogi masu siffofi da girma dabam dabam a cikinsu don rage nauyi.Samfuran karfen jirgin sama don rage nauyinsa yawanci ana yin shi ne don yin gyara da haɓaka injin.Shigar da irin wannan na'ura mai tashi da sauri yana ɗan rage kwanciyar hankali na na'urar wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, amma yana ba da saiti mai sauri na matsakaicin gudu kuma, gabaɗaya, yana da tasiri mai kyau akan halayen wutar lantarki.Duk da haka, shigar da keken jirgi mara nauyi ba za a iya aiwatar da shi kawai a layi daya tare da sauran ayyukan da ake yi na daidaitawa / haɓaka injin ba.
Dual-mass flywheels suna da ƙira mai sarƙaƙƙiya da yawa - sun haɗa da dampers vibration na torsional da dampers waɗanda suka bambanta da ƙira da ƙa'idar aiki.A cikin mafi sauƙi, wannan naúrar ta ƙunshi faifai guda biyu (bawa da maigida), a tsakanin su akwai damshin girgizar girgiza - ɗaya ko fiye da baka (birgima a cikin zobe ko mai lankwasa da baka) murƙushe maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.A cikin ƙira masu rikitarwa, akwai nau'ikan gears tsakanin fayafai, waɗanda ke aiki azaman watsawar duniya, kuma adadin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na iya kaiwa dozin ko fiye.The dual-mass flywheel, kamar na al'ada, an ɗora shi a kan ƙugiyar crankshaft kuma yana riƙe da kama.
Motar tashi mai nauyift
Zane-zanen gardama mai yawan jama'a
The damper flywheel yana aiki a sauƙaƙe.Ana haɗa diski ɗin diski kai tsaye zuwa flange na crankshaft, yana karɓar juzu'i daga gare ta, da duk rawar jiki, girgizawa da girgiza da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi.Ƙarfin wutar lantarki daga faifan diski zuwa bawa yana ɗaukar ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, amma saboda elasticity na su, suna ɗaukar wani muhimmin ɓangare na rawar jiki, girgizawa da girgizawa, wato, suna yin ayyukan damper.Sakamakon wannan ɓarkewar, faifan da ke tukawa, da kuma kama da watsawa da ke da alaƙa da shi, suna jujjuyawa sosai, ba tare da girgizawa da girgiza ba.
A halin yanzu dai, ana kara shigar da injinan motoci da manyan motoci, duk da hadadden tsarinsu da tsadar kayayyaki.Girman shaharar waɗannan sassa shine saboda ingantaccen aikin su da kuma kariya daga watsawa daga mummunan tasiri daga sashin wutar lantarki.Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan gini, saboda farashinsu, aminci da sauƙi, ana amfani da su sosai akan motocin kasafin kuɗi, mafi yawan tarakta, manyan motoci da sauran kayan aiki.
Zaɓen Flywheel, sauyawa da batutuwan kulawa
A lokacin aiki na inji, da flywheel da aka hõre da gagarumin inji lodi, don haka a kan lokaci, kowane irin malfunctions faruwa a cikinsa - fasa, sa na lamba surface tare da kama kore Disc, lalacewa da karya na kambi hakora, deformations. har ma da cikakkiyar lalacewa (sassan ƙarfe na ƙarfe suna ƙarƙashin wannan).Ana bayyana rashin aikin na'urar tashi ta hanyar karuwa a matakin girgizawa da hayaniya yayin aikin injin, tabarbarewar kama, lalacewa ko rashin iya fara injin tare da na'ura (saboda sawar kayan zobe), da sauransu.
Mafi sau da yawa a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari, abin da ke haifar da matsala shine zobe na zobe, da kuma tsagewa da rushewar diski kanta.A cikin yanayin al'ada na tashi, za a iya maye gurbin kambi, wani ɓangare na nau'in nau'i da samfurin da ya tsaya a baya ya kamata a ɗauka don maye gurbin.Idan ya cancanta, zaka iya amfani da kambi tare da adadin hakora daban-daban, amma irin wannan maye gurbin ba koyaushe zai yiwu ba.Ana wargaza kambi sosai da injina - ta hanyar busa guduma ta chisel ko wani kayan aiki.Ana aiwatar da shigar da sabon kambi tare da dumama - saboda haɓakar thermal, sashin zai sauƙaƙa cikin wurin, kuma bayan sanyaya za a daidaita shi cikin aminci a kan jirgin sama.
A cikin dampwheels masu damp, ana samun ƙarin matsaloli masu rikitarwa sau da yawa - karyewa ko cikakkiyar lalata magudanar ruwa, lalacewa na bearings, lalata sassan fayafai, da sauransu. .A wasu yanayi, yana yiwuwa a maye gurbin kambi da bearings, amma yana da kyau a ba da waɗannan ayyukan ga kwararru.Ana gudanar da bincike-bincike na damper flywheel duka akan injin da kuma kan ɓangaren da aka cire.Da farko, ana duba kusurwar jujjuyawar motsin tashi da baya, idan kusurwar ta yi girma sosai ko kuma, akasin haka, ƙwanƙwasa na tashi, to dole ne a maye gurbin sashin.
Dole ne a gudanar da duk aikin bincike da maye gurbin jirgin sama daidai da umarnin gyara da kula da abin hawa.Don samun dama ga ɓangaren, a mafi yawan lokuta, ya zama dole don rushe akwatin gear da kama, wanda ke hade da ƙarin lokaci da ƙoƙari.Lokacin shigar da sabon jirgin sama, ya zama dole a lura da daidaitawar kama, da kuma amfani da wasu nau'ikan fasteners kuma, idan ya cancanta, nau'ikan lubricants.Idan an zaɓi ƙaƙƙarfan jirgin sama kuma an maye gurbinsa daidai, to injin da watsawa za su yi aiki da aminci, da tabbaci suna yin ayyukansu.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023