Mu injini iliyonse yoyaka mkati mwa pisitoni, mutha kupeza gawo lalikulu la makina a crank ndi machitidwe ena ofananira - flywheel.Werengani zonse za ma flywheels, mitundu yawo yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito, komanso kusankha, kukonza ndi kusintha magawowa m'nkhaniyi.
Udindo ndi malo a flywheel mu injini
Flywheel (flywheel) - msonkhano wa crank mechanism (KShM), clutch ndi piston mkati mwa injini yoyatsira injini;Ili pa shank ya crankshaft ndi chitsulo chachitsulo cholemera kwambiri chokhala ndi giya la mphete, zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa galimoto chifukwa cha kudzikundikira ndi kubwereranso kwa kinetic mphamvu.
Kugwira ntchito kwa injini zoyatsira mkati za pisitoni sikuli kofanana - mu masilinda ake aliwonse, zikwapu zinayi zimapangidwa mukusintha kuwiri kwa shaft, ndipo pamtundu uliwonse liwiro la pisitoni ndi losiyana.Kuti athetse kusinthasintha kosagwirizana kwa crankshaft, zikwapu zomwezo mu masilindala osiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi, ndipo gawo lowonjezera limalowetsedwa mu KShM - ntchentche yopangidwa ngati gudumu lalikulu lachitsulo lokhazikika kumbuyo kwa crankshaft.
Flywheel imathetsa ntchito zingapo zofunika:
● Kuonetsetsa kufanana kwa liwiro la angular la crankshaft;
● Kuonetsetsa kuti pisitoni zachotsedwa pamalo akufa;
● Kutumiza torque kuchokera ku crankshaft kupita ku makina a clutch kenako kupita ku gearbox;
● Kutumiza kwa torque kuchokera ku zida zoyambira kupita ku crankshaft poyambitsa gawo lamagetsi;
● Mitundu ina ya zigawo ndi kuziziritsa kwa kugwedezeka kwa torsional vibrations ndi vibrate, kulumikiza kwa KShM ndi kutumiza kwa galimoto.
Gawoli, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, limapanga mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe imapezeka panthawi yogwira ntchito ndikuyipereka ku crankshaft pamikwingwirima itatu yotsalayo - izi zimatsimikizira kusinthasintha ndi kukhazikika kwa liwiro la crankshaft, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa pistoni. kuchokera ku TDC ndi TDC (chifukwa cha mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zomwe zikubwera).Komanso, ndi kudzera mu flywheel kuti injini imalankhulana ndi kufalitsa kwa galimotoyo komanso kutumiza kwa torque kuchokera ku gear ya choyambira chamagetsi kupita ku crankshaft pamene injini yayamba.Flywheel ndiyofunikira kuti galimotoyo igwire bwino ntchito, chifukwa chake ngati itasokonekera, ndikofunikira kukonza kapena kuyisintha mwachangu.Koma musanayambe kukonza, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a ma flywheel a injini zamakono zoyaka mkati.
Msonkhano wa Flywheel ndi crankshaft injini
Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka ma flywheels
Pa ma motors amakono, ma flywheel a mapangidwe osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mitundu itatu yazigawozi ndiyofala kwambiri:
● Zolimba;
● Wopepuka;
● Damper (kapena misa iwiri).
Chipangizo chosavuta kwambiri chimakhala ndi ma flywheels olimba, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa injini zambiri zoyatsira mkati za pistoni - kuchokera pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono kupita ku injini zamphamvu kwambiri zamafakitale, dizilo ndi zam'madzi.Maziko a mapangidwewo ndi chitsulo chachitsulo kapena chimbale chachitsulo chokhala ndi masentimita 30-40 kapena kuposerapo, pakati pake pali mpando woyika pa shank ya crankshaft, ndipo korona amaponderezedwa pamphepete.Mpando wa crankshaft nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ngati chowonjezera (hub), pakati pomwe pali dzenje lalikulu, ndipo mozungulira mozungulira pali mabowo 4-12 kapena kupitilira apo, pomwe ma bolts amawuluka. imayikidwa pa flange ya shank shaft.Kunja kwa flywheel, pali malo oyika clutch ndipo pad yolumikizana ndi annular ya disc yoyendetsedwa ndi clutch imapangidwa.Pamphepete mwa flywheel, giya yachitsulo imakanikizidwa, yomwe, panthawi yoyambira, torque imatumizidwa kuchokera ku gear yoyambira kupita ku crankshaft.
Nthawi zambiri, popanga, flywheel imakhala yokwanira kuti ipewe kuthamanga panthawi ya injini.Mukagwirizanitsa m'malo osiyanasiyana a flywheel, zitsulo zowonjezera zimachotsedwa (kubowola), ndipo pofuna kugwirizanitsa pamalo enaake, clutch ndi mbali zina (ngati zaperekedwa) zimayikidwa.M'tsogolomu, kayendetsedwe ka flywheel ndi clutch sayenera kusintha, mwinamwake padzakhala kusalinganika komwe kuli koopsa kwa crankshaft ndi injini yonse.
Maulendo owuluka opepuka amakhala ndi mapangidwe ofanana, koma mazenera amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amapangidwa mwa iwo kuti achepetse kulemera.Kuyesa chitsulo cha flywheel kuti muchepetse kulemera kwake kumachitidwa pofuna kukonza ndi kukulitsa injini.Kuyika kwa flywheel kumachepetsa kukhazikika kwa gawo lamagetsi mumayendedwe osakhalitsa, koma kumapereka liwiro lothamanga kwambiri ndipo, makamaka, kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamakhalidwe amphamvu.Komabe, unsembe wopepuka flywheel akhoza kuchitidwa limodzi ndi ntchito zina pa ikukonzekera / kulimbikitsa injini.
Ma gudumu amtundu wapawiri amakhala ndi mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri - amaphatikizanso ma torsional vibration dampers ndi ma dampers omwe ndi osiyana pamapangidwe ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.Mwachidule, gawo ili lili ndi ma disks awiri (kapolo ndi mbuye), pakati pawo pali torsional vibration damper - imodzi kapena zingapo (zopindika mu mphete kapena zopindika ndi arc) akasupe opotoka.Muzojambula zovuta kwambiri, pali magiya angapo pakati pa ma disks, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mapulaneti, ndipo chiwerengero cha akasupe amatha kufika khumi ndi awiri kapena kuposerapo.Ntchentche zapawiri-zambiri, monga momwe zimakhalira, zimayikidwa pa shank ya crankshaft ndikugwira clutch.
Flywheel yopepukaft
Mapangidwe apawiri-mass flywheel
Damper flywheel imagwira ntchito mosavuta.Chimbale choyendetsa chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku crankshaft flange, kulandira torque kuchokera pamenepo, komanso kugwedezeka konse, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika pakanthawi kochepa.Makokedwe kuchokera pa drive disc kupita kwa kapolo amafalitsidwa kudzera mu akasupe, koma chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwawo, amayamwa gawo lalikulu la kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, ndiko kuti, amagwira ntchito za damper.Chifukwa cha kudulidwa uku, chimbale choyendetsedwa, komanso clutch ndi kufalikira kolumikizidwa kwa izo, zimazungulira mozungulira, popanda kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka.
Pakali pano, maulendo apawiri owuluka, ngakhale mapangidwe awo ovuta komanso okwera mtengo, akuwonjezeka kwambiri pa injini zamagalimoto ndi magalimoto.Kukula kutchuka kwa zigawozi ndi chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo labwino la ntchito ndi chitetezo cha kufalitsa ku zisonkhezero zoipa kuchokera ku mphamvu yamagetsi.Komabe, flywheels zomangamanga olimba, chifukwa mtengo, kudalirika ndi kuphweka, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa magalimoto bajeti, mathirakitala ambiri, magalimoto ndi zipangizo zina.
Kusankha kwa ma Flywheel, kusintha ndi kukonza
Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito injini, flywheel imakhudzidwa ndi katundu wochuluka wa makina, kotero pakapita nthawi, mitundu yonse ya zolakwika zimachitika mmenemo - ming'alu, kuvala pamwamba pa kukhudzana ndi diski yoyendetsedwa ndi clutch, kuvala ndi kusweka kwa mano a korona, kupunduka. ndipo ngakhale chiwonongeko chotheratu (zigawo za chitsulo chosungunula zimagonjera izi).Kuwonongeka kwa flywheel kumawonetseredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka ndi phokoso pakugwira ntchito kwa injini, kuwonongeka kwa clutch, kuwonongeka kapena kulephera kuyambitsa injini ndi choyambira (chifukwa cha kuvala kwa mphete), ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi zambiri mu ma flywheels olimba dongosolo, chifukwa cha vuto ndi mphete giya, komanso ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka kwa chimbale palokha.Munthawi yachibadwa ya flywheel, korona akhoza kusinthidwa, gawo la mtundu womwewo ndi chitsanzo chomwe chinayima kale chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chilowe m'malo.Ngati ndi kotheka, mungagwiritse ntchito korona wokhala ndi mano osiyanasiyana, koma m'malo mwake sizingatheke nthawi zonse.Kugwetsa mosamalitsa korona nthawi zambiri imachitika umakaniko - ndi nyundo kuwomba kudzera tchisel kapena chida china.Kuyika kwa korona watsopano kumachitika ndi kutentha kwake - chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha, gawolo lidzagwa mosavuta, ndipo pambuyo pozizira lidzakhazikika bwino pa flywheel.
Mu damper flywheels, zovuta zovuta kwambiri zimachitika nthawi zambiri - kusweka kapena kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa akasupe a arc, kuvala kwa mayendedwe, kuvala kwa zigawo za discs, ndi zina zotero. .Nthawi zina, ndizotheka kusintha korona ndi mayendedwe, koma ndi bwino kuyika ntchito izi kwa akatswiri.Diagnostics wa damper flywheel ikuchitika pa injini ndi pa gawo anachotsa.Choyamba, mbali yokhotakhota ya flywheel yoyendetsedwa ndi backlash imafufuzidwa, ngati ngodyayo ndi yaikulu kwambiri kapena, m'malo mwake, flywheel yaphwanyidwa, ndiye kuti gawolo liyenera kusinthidwa.
Ntchito zonse zowunikira komanso kusintha kwa flywheel ziyenera kuchitika motsatira malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Kuti mupeze gawolo, nthawi zambiri, ndikofunikira kutulutsa bokosi la gear ndi clutch, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yowonjezera komanso kuyesetsa.Mukayika flywheel yatsopano, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe ma clutch amayendera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya zomangira komanso, ngati kuli kofunikira, mitundu yamafuta.Ngati flywheel yasankhidwa ndikusinthidwa moyenera, ndiye kuti injini ndi kufalitsa zidzagwira ntchito modalirika, kuchita ntchito zawo molimba mtima.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023