Kunoma iyiphi injini ye-piston evuthayo yangaphakathi, ungathola ingxenye enkulu ye-crank mechanism kanye namanye amasistimu ahlobene - i-flywheel.Funda konke mayelana nama-flywheels, izinhlobo zawo ezikhona, ukuklama kanye nesimiso sokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha, ukulungiswa nokushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye kulesi sihloko.
Indima kanye nendawo ye-flywheel enjinini
I-Flywheel (i-flywheel) - ukuhlanganiswa kwe-crank mechanism (KShM), i-clutch kanye ne-piston yangaphakathi yokwethulwa kwenjini yomlilo;Itholakala ku-shank ye-crankshaft i-disc yensimbi yesisindo esikhulu enegiya lendandatho, eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-motor ngenxa yokuqoqwa nokubuya okulandelayo kwamandla e-kinetic.
Ukusebenza kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ze-piston akulingani - ku-cylinders ngayinye, imivimbo emine yenziwa ngama-revolutions amabili we-shaft, futhi ku-stroke ngayinye ijubane le-piston lihlukile.Ukuze kuqedwe ukujikeleza okungalingani kwe-crankshaft, imivimbo efanayo kumasilinda ahlukene ahlukaniswa ngesikhathi, futhi iyunithi eyengeziwe yethulwa ku-KShM - i-flywheel eyenziwe ngesimo sesondo elikhulu lensimbi eligxilwe ngemuva kwe-crankshaft.
I-flywheel ixazulula imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:
● Ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwesivinini se-angular ye-crankshaft;
● Ukuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwamapiston ezindaweni ezifile;
● Ukudluliswa kwe-torque isuka ku-crankshaft iye kumshini we-clutch bese iya ku-gearbox;
● Ukudluliswa kwe-torque kusuka kugiya lokuqala ukuya ku-crankshaft lapho uqalisa iyunithi yamandla;
● Ezinye izinhlobo zezingxenye ukufiphala kokudlidliza nokudlidliza kwe-torsional, ukuqaqa i-KShM kanye nokudluliswa kwemoto.
Le ngxenye, ngenxa yobuningi bayo obukhulu, iqongelela amandla e-kinetic atholakala ngesikhathi sokushaywa unhlangothi futhi iwanikeze ku-crankshaft emivimbo emithathu esele - lokhu kuqinisekisa kokubili ukuqondana nokuzinza kwesivinini se-angular ye-crankshaft, kanye nokuhoxiswa kwamapiston. kusuka ku-TDC kanye ne-TDC (ngenxa yamandla angenayo avelayo).Okunye futhi, yi-flywheel lapho injini ixhumana khona nokudluliswa kwemoto kanye nokudluliswa kwe-torque isuka egiyeni lesiqalisi sikagesi iye ku-crankshaft uma injini iqalwa.I-flywheel ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwemoto, ngakho-ke uma ingasebenzi kahle, kuyadingeka ukuyilungisa noma ukuqedela ukushintshwa ngokushesha okukhulu.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokulungisa, kufanele uqonde izinhlobo ezikhona, imiklamo kanye nezici ze-flywheels zezinjini zanamuhla zangaphakathi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Flywheel ne-crankshaft yenjini
Izinhlobo nokwakheka kwama-flywheels
Kumamotho anamuhla, ama-flywheels emiklamo ehlukahlukene asetshenziswa, kepha izinhlobo ezintathu zalezi zingxenye zisakazeke kakhulu:
● Okuqinile;
● Okungasindi;
● I-Damper (noma i-dual-mass).
Umshini olula kunawo wonke unama-flywheels aqinile, asetshenziswa ezinjinini eziningi ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ze-piston - kusukela ezimotweni ezincane kuya ezinjinini ezinamandla kakhulu zezimboni, zikadizili nezasolwandle.Isisekelo somklamo siyinsimbi ekhonjiwe noma idiski yensimbi enobubanzi obungu-30-40 cm noma ngaphezulu, phakathi nendawo lapho kukhona isihlalo sokufakwa ku-crankshaft shank, futhi umqhele ucindezelwa emaphethelweni.Isihlalo se-crankshaft sivame ukwakhiwa ngendlela yesandiso (ihabhu), phakathi nendawo lapho kukhona imbobo yobubanzi obukhulu, futhi nxazonke kukhona izimbobo ezingu-4-12 noma ngaphezulu zamabhawodi, lapho i-flywheel ibekwe phezu kwe-flange ye-shank shaft.Endaweni engaphandle ye-flywheel, kunendawo yokufaka i-clutch futhi i-annular contact pad ye-clutch driven disc yenziwa.Emaphethelweni e-flywheel, kucindezelwa igiya lendandatho yensimbi, okuthi, ngesikhathi sokuqala, i-torque idluliselwe isuka egiyeni lokuqala iye ku-crankshaft.
Imvamisa, ekukhiqizeni, i-flywheel iyalingana ukuze ivimbele ukuphuma ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini.Lapho ukulinganisa ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-flywheel, insimbi eyengeziwe iyasuswa (ukugaya), futhi ngenjongo yokulinganisa endaweni ethile, i-clutch nezinye izingxenye (uma zinikeziwe) zifakiwe.Esikhathini esizayo, ukuma kwe-flywheel ne-clutch akufanele kushintshe, ngaphandle kwalokho kuyoba nokungalingani okuyingozi ku-crankshaft kanye nayo yonke injini.
Ama-flywheels alula anomklamo ofanayo, kodwa amafasitela anobumo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene enziwa kuwo ukunciphisa isisindo.Ukusampula insimbi ye-flywheel ukuze kwehliswe isisindo salo ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngenjongo yokulungisa nokukhulisa injini.Ukufakwa kwe-flywheel enjalo kunciphisa ukuzinza kweyunithi yamandla ezimodini zesikhashana, kodwa kunikeza isethi esheshayo yesivinini esiphezulu futhi, ngokuvamile, kunomthelela omuhle ezicini zamandla.Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwe-flywheel engasindi kungenziwa kuphela ngokuhambisana nokusebenza komunye umsebenzi wokulungisa / ukukhulisa injini.
Ama-flywheel anesisindo esikabili anomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - ahlanganisa ama-dampers okudlidliza okuguquguqukayo kanye nama-dampers ahlukile ngokwakhiwa kanye nesimiso sokusebenza.Esimweni esilula, le yunithi iqukethe amadiski amabili (isigqila kanye nenkosi), phakathi kwayo kukhona i-torsional vibration damper - i-arc eyodwa noma ngaphezulu (egoqwe yindandatho noma egoqwe yi-arc) iziphethu ezisontekile.Emiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, kunezinombolo zamagiya phakathi kwamadiski, asebenza njengokudluliselwa kweplanethi, futhi inani lemithombo lingafinyelela kweshumi nambili noma ngaphezulu.I-dual-mass flywheel, njengejwayelekile, ifakwe ku-crankshaft shank futhi ibambe i-clutch.
I-flywheel engasindift
Idizayini ye-Dual-mass flywheel
I-damper flywheel isebenza kalula.I-drive disc ixhunywe ngqo ku-crankshaft flange, ithola i-torque kuyo, kanye nakho konke ukudlidliza, ukudlidliza nokushaqeka okwenzeka ezimeni zesikhashana.I-torque esuka ku-drive disc iye esigqilini idluliselwa ngeziphethu, kodwa ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ibamba ingxenye ebalulekile yokudlidliza, ukushaqeka nokudlidliza, okungukuthi, zenza imisebenzi ye-damper.Njengomphumela walokhu kunqanyulwa, i-disc eqhutshwayo, kanye ne-clutch nokudluliselwa okuxhunywe kuyo, ijikeleza ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokudlidliza nokudlidliza.
Njengamanje, ama-flywheels anesisindo esimbaxambili, naphezu kokuklama kwawo okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindleko eziphakeme, aya ngokuya efakwa ezinjinini zezimoto namaloli.Ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwalezi zingxenye kungenxa yekhwalithi yazo engcono yomsebenzi kanye nokuvikelwa kokudluliswa kwamathonya amabi avela kuyunithi yamandla.Kodwa-ke, ama-flywheels okwakhiwa okuqinile, ngenxa yentengo yawo, ukwethembeka nokulula, asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zesabelomali, amagandaganda amaningi, amaloli nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Ukukhetha i-Flywheel, ukushintshwa kanye nezinkinga zokunakekelwa
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, i-flywheel ibhekene nemithwalo ebalulekile yemishini, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zonke izinhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle zenzeka kuyo - imifantu, ukugqokwa kwendawo yokuxhumana ne-clutch driven disc, ukuguga nokuphuka kwamazinyo omqhele, ukukhubazeka. ngisho nokubhujiswa okuphelele (izingxenye zensimbi ezibunjiwe zingaphansi kwalokhu).Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-flywheel kubonakaliswa ukwanda kwezinga lokudlidliza nomsindo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, ukuwohloka kwe-clutch, ukonakala noma ukungakwazi ukuqala injini ngesiqalisi (ngenxa yokugqoka kwegiya lendandatho), njll.
Imvamisa kuma-flywheels wesakhiwo esiqinile, imbangela yenkinga yigiya lendandatho, kanye nokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kwediski uqobo.Esimweni esivamile se-flywheel, umqhele ungashintshwa, ingxenye yohlobo olufanayo kanye nemodeli eyayimi ngaphambili kufanele ithathwe esikhundleni.Uma kunesidingo, ungasebenzisa umqhele ngenani elihlukile lamazinyo, kodwa ukushintshwa okunjalo akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi.Ukudilizwa ngokuqinile umqhele kuvame ukwenziwa ngomshini - ngokushaya ngesando ngeshizolo noma elinye ithuluzi.Ukufakwa komqhele omusha kwenziwa ngokushisa kwawo - ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo, ingxenye izowela kalula endaweni, futhi ngemva kokupholisa izobe iqiniswe ngokuphepha ku-flywheel.
Kumasondo ama-damper flywheel, ukungasebenzi kahle okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana kuvame ukwenzeka - ukuphuka noma ukucekelwa phansi ngokuphelele kwemithombo ye-arc, ukuguga kwamabhere, ukuguga kwezingxenye zamadiski, njll. Ezimweni eziningi, i-dual-mass flywheel ayikwazi ukulungiswa, kodwa ithathelwa indawo emhlanganweni. .Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukubuyisela umqhele nama-bearings, kodwa kungcono ukuphathisa le misebenzi kochwepheshe.Ukuxilongwa kwe-flywheel ye-damper kwenziwa kokubili enjini nasengxenyeni esusiwe.Okokuqala, i-angle yokuphambuka kwe-flywheel eqhutshwayo kanye ne-backlash iyahlolwa, uma i-angle inkulu kakhulu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, i-flywheel igxiliwe, khona-ke ingxenye kufanele ishintshwe.
Wonke umsebenzi wokuxilonga nokushintshwa kwe-flywheel kufanele wenziwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa nokugcinwa kwemoto.Ukuze ufinyelele ingxenye, ezimweni eziningi, kuyadingeka ukukhulula i-gearbox kanye ne-clutch, ehlotshaniswa nesikhathi nomzamo owengeziwe.Lapho ufaka i-flywheel entsha, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuqondiswa kwe-clutch, kanye nokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zokubopha futhi, uma kunesidingo, izinhlobo zokugcoba.Uma i-flywheel ikhethiwe futhi ishintshwe ngendlela efanele, khona-ke injini nokudluliselwa kuzosebenza ngokuthembekile, ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngokuzethemba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2023