Magalimoto onse azikhala ndi nyali zowunikira pafupipafupi.Kuwongolera kolondola kwazizindikiro kumaperekedwa ndi ma interrupter relays apadera - werengani zonse za zida izi, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso za kusankha ndikusintha, m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi ma turn relay ndi chiyani?
Turn relay (turn indicator interrupter relay, current breaker) ndi chipangizo chamagetsi kapena chamagetsi chomwe chimapangidwira kutseka ndi kutsegula mayendedwe amayendedwe agalimoto kuti apange chizindikiro chapakatikati chochenjeza zagalimoto yomwe ikuyendetsa zinthu zina.
Chipangizochi chili ndi ntchito zinayi zazikulu:
• Kupanga chizindikiro chapakatikati cha zowunikira zowunikira mbali imodzi yagalimoto (kumanja kapena kumanzere) pochita zowongolera;
• Kutulutsa chizindikiro chapakatikati cha magetsi onse owonetsera mayendedwe pamene alamu yatsegulidwa;
• Kupanga chizindikiro chapakatikati cha nyali yoyang'anira yofananira pa dashboard;
• Kutulutsa kwa siginecha yapakatikati yodziwitsa woyendetsa za zilolezo zoyatsidwa.
Cholumikizira cholumikizira chimakhala ndi mabwalo atatu amagetsi: maulendo awiri otembenukira kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa galimoto, ndi alamu imodzi (yomwe imaphatikizapo zizindikiro zowongolera mbali zonse zagalimoto).Kuti mutsegule alamu yowunikira, relay imalumikizidwa ndi dera lofananirako pogwiritsa ntchito paddle shifter.Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri pamagalimoto amangoyika njira imodzi yokha yolumikizirana.
Malamulo amakono amsewu ndi miyezo imatsimikizira kuti magalimoto onse omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo la Russian Federation ayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zowongolera, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito alamuyi ndikofunikira pochita zowongolera zilizonse.Ngati alamu ya kuwala sikugwira ntchito, m'pofunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse mavuto, nthawi zambiri kukonzanso kumachepetsedwa kukhala m'malo ophweka a relay interrupter relay.Koma musanagule ndikusintha ma relay, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu ya zida izi zomwe zilipo masiku ano, mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Gulu, chipangizo ndi mfundo ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka relay yozungulira
Pa magalimoto, mathirakitala ndi zida zina, mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya relays ntchito:
• Electromagnetothermal;
• Zamagetsi.
Zipangizo zamitundu iyi zimasiyana ndi mfundo zakuthupi zogwirira ntchito zomwe zidayikidwamo ndipo, motero, kapangidwe kake.
Electromagnetothermal current breakers.Awa ndi matembenuzidwe amapangidwe akale, omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto kwazaka makumi angapo, koma chifukwa cha chipangizo chosavuta komanso chodalirika, sanataye kufunika kwake.
Maziko a chipangizo ichi ndi electromagnetic pachimake ndi koyilo ndi awiri zitsulo nangula ndi magulu olumikizana.Nangula imodzi imakokedwa kutali ndi kukhudzana kwake ndi chingwe chopyapyala cha nichrome (chitsulo chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera kutentha), nangula wachiwiri amagwiridwa patali kuchokera kukhudzana kwake ndi mbale yamkuwa yamkuwa.Mtundu woterewu umagwira ntchito mophweka.Pamene zisonyezo zowongolera zimayatsidwa, zomwe zikuchitika pano zimadutsa pamapindikira pachimake, chingwe cha nichrome ndi chopinga, kukana kwa dera lino kumakhala kwakukulu, kotero nyali zimawala pang'ono.M'kanthawi kochepa, chingwe chimatenthetsa ndikutalika chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwamafuta - zida zimakopeka ndi kukhudzana kwake ndikutseka dera - pakadali pano, zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira chingwe ndi chopinga, nyali zowongolera zimawala ndi incandescence yonse. .Chingwe chopanda mphamvu chimatsitsidwa mwachangu, chimafupikitsidwa ndikukoka chidacho kuti chisakhudze - dera lathyoka, lomwe lilipo limadutsa mu chingwe kachiwiri ndipo ndondomekoyi ikubwereza.
Panthawi yotseka zolumikizirana, mphamvu yayikulu imayenda kudzera pamagetsi amagetsi, mphamvu yamaginito imapangidwa mozungulira, yomwe imakopa chida chachiwiri - gulu lachiwiri la olumikizana limatseka, lomwe limayatsa nyali pa dashboard.Chifukwa cha izi, magwiridwe antchito azizindikiro amabwerezedwa ndi ntchito yapakatikati ya nyali pa dashboard.Zomwe tafotokozazi zimatha kuchitika pafupipafupi 60-120 pa mphindi (ndiko kuti, kuzungulira kulikonse kwa kutentha ndi kuziziritsa chingwe kumatenga 0,5 mpaka 1 sekondi).
Mapangidwe a electromagnetothermal relay
Electromagnetothermal relays nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mu cylindrical zitsulo kesi ndi wononga kapena mpeni kukhudzana, iwo akhoza kukwera mu chipinda injini kapena pansi pa bolodi.
Electronic turn breakers.Izi ndi zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magalimoto onse atsopano.Masiku ano, pali mitundu iwiri ya ma relay amagetsi:
• Ndi ma electromagnetic relay polumikiza katundu (kutembenuza nyali za siginecha);
• Ndi kiyi yamagetsi yolumikizira katunduyo.
Munthawi yoyamba, kutembenuka kumakhala ndi midadada iwiri yogwira ntchito - cholumikizira chosavuta chamagetsi ndi kiyi yamagetsi pa chipangizo cha semiconductor (pa transistor kapena microcircuit).Kiyi yamagetsi imagwira ntchito ngati jenereta wa wotchi, yomwe, ndi ma frequency omwe adayikidwiratu, imapereka mafunde amagetsi amagetsi, ndi ma relay olumikizirana, kutseka ndi kutsegulira, kuwonetsetsa kuti mayendedwe akuyatsidwa ndikuzimitsa.
Kachiwiri, m'malo mwa ma electromagnetic relay, kiyi yamagetsi pa transistor yamphamvu kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imapereka kulumikizana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zisonyezo zamayendedwe ndi ma frequency ofunikira.
Zolumikizira zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa m'mabokosi apulasitiki olumikizana ndi mipeni, nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mubokosi lopatsirana ndi fuse, nthawi zambiri pansi pa dashboard kapena m'chipinda cha injini.
Mafunso ogula kolondola ndikusintha ma relay
Kuwongolera kolakwika ndi imodzi mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika pamagalimoto amagetsi, ndipo ngakhale malamulo amsewu samaletsa kuyendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi zowonetsa zolakwika (popeza zidziwitso zitha kuperekedwa ndi manja), gawo ili liyenera kusinthidwa. posachedwapa pakagwa kuwonongeka.Kuti m'malo, muyenera kusankha relay a mtundu womwewo ndi chitsanzo kuti anaika pa galimoto kale.Komabe, lero pali ma analogue ambiri omwe amapezeka pamsika, ndipo pakati pawo mutha kusankha chida choyenera.Kuti mupange chisankho choyenera, muyenera kuganizira izi:
• Magetsi operekera - relay ayenera kugwirizana ndi magetsi a galimoto yamagetsi (12 kapena 24 volts);
• Nambala ndi malo omwe amalumikizana nawo (pinout) - cholumikizira chiyenera kugwera m'malo mu bokosi la relay ndi fuse kapena cholumikizira chosiyana popanda zosintha zilizonse;
• Makulidwe amilandu - kutumizirana zinthu kuyenera kupitilira kukula kwa bokosi lopatsirana ndi ma fuse (ngakhale pali zosiyana apa).
Ma relay amakono ndi osavuta kusintha - muyenera kutsegula bokosi la relay ndi fuse, kuchotsa relay yakale, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyeretsa cholumikizira chamagetsi (chotsani dothi ndi fumbi), ndikuyika cholumikizira chatsopano.Electromagnetothermal breakers okhala ndi zolumikizira zomangira zimafunikira kusintha kwina: muyenera kumasula mtedza wa relay wakale, chotsani mawaya ndikuwongolera pa relay yatsopano.Pankhaniyi, relay yokha nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pathupi pogwiritsa ntchito bulaketi ndi bawuti.Nthawi zina, ma electromagnetothermal relays amalola kusintha kwafupipafupi kwa kusokoneza kwapano - chifukwa cha izi, chipangizocho chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi kutembenuza wononga chomwe chimakoka chingwe cha nichrome.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kukhazikitsa, relay idzayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, kuonetsetsa kuti kutsatiridwa ndi malamulo apamsewu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-18-2023