Ibinyabiziga byose bigomba kuba bifite amatara yerekana icyerekezo rimwe na rimwe.Imikorere ikwiye yerekana icyerekezo gitangwa na interrupter idasanzwe - soma ibyerekeye ibi bikoresho, ubwoko bwabyo, igishushanyo nigikorwa, kimwe no guhitamo no gusimbuza, muriki kiganiro.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhinduranya?
Impinduramatwara (icyerekezo cyerekana interrupter relay, icyuma kigezweho) nigikoresho cyamashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoronike cyagenewe gufunga no gufungura uruziga rwerekana icyerekezo cyurumuri rwikinyabiziga hagamijwe gutanga ibimenyetso byigihe gito kugirango uburire ikinyabiziga gikora imyitozo runaka.
Iki gikoresho gifite imirimo ine yingenzi:
• Gushiraho ikimenyetso cyigihe cyerekana amatara yerekana icyerekezo kumpande imwe yimodoka (iburyo cyangwa ibumoso) mugihe ukora imyitozo ijyanye;
• Igisekuru cyerekana ibimenyetso byigihe byerekana amatara yerekana icyerekezo iyo impuruza ikora;
• Gushiraho ikimenyetso cyigihe gito cyamatara yo kugenzura ahuye nikibaho;
• Igisekuru cyamajwi yigihe gito kimenyesha umushoferi ibipimo byerekana.
Icyerekezo cyo guhagarika kigizwe n'imirongo itatu y'amashanyarazi: imirongo ibiri yerekana ibimenyetso byerekana urumuri rw'iburyo n'ibumoso bw'ikinyabiziga, hamwe n'umuzunguruko umwe (urimo ibipimo byerekana icyerekezo ku mpande zombi z'ikinyabiziga).Kugirango ukoreshe itabaza ryumucyo, relay ihujwe numuzunguruko uhuye ukoresheje paddle shift.Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe icyerekezo kimwe gusa gishyirwa kumodoka.
Amategeko agenga umuhanda n’ibipimo byerekana ko ibinyabiziga byose bifite moteri bikorera ku butaka bw’Uburusiya bigomba kuba bifite ibimenyetso byerekana icyerekezo, kandi gukoresha iyi mpuruza ni itegeko mugihe ukora imyitozo iyo ari yo yose.Niba itara rimurika ridakora, birakenewe ko hafatwa ingamba zo gukuraho imikorere mibi, akenshi gusana bigabanywa no gusimbuza byoroheje gusimbuza ibimenyetso byahagaritswe.Ariko mbere yo kugura no guhindura relay, ugomba kumva ubwoko bwibikoresho biriho uyumunsi, imiterere yabyo.
Gutondekanya, igikoresho nihame ryimikorere yo kuzenguruka
Ku modoka, romoruki nibindi bikoresho, hakoreshwa ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi:
• Amashanyarazi;
• Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki.
Ibikoresho byubu bwoko biratandukanye mumahame yumubiri yimikorere yashyizwemo kandi, ukurikije, igishushanyo.
Amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi.Izi ni rezo yerekana igishushanyo gishaje, cyakoreshejwe mumodoka mumyaka mirongo, ariko kubera igikoresho cyoroshye kandi cyizewe, baracyatakaje akamaro.
Ishimikiro ryiki gikoresho ni electromagnetic yibanze hamwe na coil hamwe na ibyuma bibiri byuma hamwe nitsinda ryitumanaho.Inanga imwe yakuwe kure yayo kugirango ikoreshwe n'umugozi muto wa nichrome (icyuma gifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi kikaba kinini cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe), inanga ya kabiri ifashwe intera iri hagati yacyo na plaque y'umuringa.Ubu bwoko bwa relay bukora muburyo bworoshye.Iyo ibipimo byerekezo bifunguye, ikigezweho kinyura mumurongo wingenzi, umugozi wa nichrome hamwe na résistoriste, kurwanya uyu muzunguruko ni mwinshi, bityo amatara akayangana igice-cyaka.Mugihe gito, umugozi urashyuha kandi urambure kubera kwaguka kwubushyuhe - armature ikurura imikoranire yayo ikanafunga umuzenguruko - muriki gihe, ikigezweho kizenguruka umugozi hamwe na résistoriste, amatara yerekana icyerekezo yaka cyane. .Umugozi wa de-ingufu ukonjeshwa byihuse, bigufi kandi bikurura armature kubonana - umuzenguruko wacitse, umuyaga unyura mumurongo wongeye kandi inzira irasubiramo.
Mugihe cyo gufunga umubano, umuyoboro munini unyura mumashanyarazi ya electromagnetic, umurima wa magneti urashingwa hafi yacyo, ukurura armature ya kabiri - itsinda rya kabiri ryitumanaho rifunga, rizimya itara kurubaho.Kubera iyo mpamvu, imikorere yicyerekezo cyigana nigikorwa cyigihe gito cyamatara kumurongo.Inzira zasobanuwe zishobora kubaho hamwe ninshuro 60-120 kumunota (ni ukuvuga, buri cyiciro cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha umugozi gifata kuva 0.5 kugeza 1 isegonda).
Igishushanyo cya electromagnetothermal relay
Imashanyarazi ya electromagnetothermal isanzwe ishyirwa mubyuma bya silindrike ifite ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma, birashobora gushirwa mubice bya moteri cyangwa munsi yikibaho.
Kumena ibyuma bya elegitoroniki.Ibi nibikoresho bigezweho bikoreshwa kumodoka zose nshya.Uyu munsi, hari ubwoko bubiri bwa elegitoronike:
• Hamwe na electromagnetic relay yo guhuza umutwaro (guhinduranya amatara yerekana ibimenyetso);
• Hamwe nurufunguzo rwa elegitoronike kugirango uhuze umutwaro.
Mugihe cyambere, icyerekezo cyo guhinduranya kigizwe nibice bibiri bikora - icyerekezo cyoroshye cya electromagnetic relay hamwe nurufunguzo rwa elegitoronike ku gikoresho cya semiconductor (kuri transistor cyangwa microcircuit).Urufunguzo rwa elegitoronike rukora nka generator yisaha, hamwe numurongo wateganijwe mbere, itanga amashanyarazi kumuyoboro wa electromagnetic relay, hamwe na relay ihuza, gufunga no gufungura, byemeza ko icyerekezo cyerekezo gifunguye kandi kizimye.
Mugihe cya kabiri, aho gukoresha amashanyarazi ya electronique, urufunguzo rwa elegitoronike kuri tristoriste ifite imbaraga nyinshi, rutanga guhuza no guhagarika ibipimo byerekezo hamwe numurongo usabwa.
Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki mubisanzwe bishyirwa mubintu bisanzwe bya pulasitike bifitanye isano nicyuma, mubisanzwe bishyirwa muri relay na fuse agasanduku, gake cyane munsi yikibaho cyangwa muri moteri.
Ibibazo byo kugura neza no gusimbuza impinduka
Icyerekezo kidakora neza nikimwe mubibazo bikunze kugaragara kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka, kandi nubwo amategeko y'umuhanda atabuza gukora ikinyabiziga gifite ibipimo byerekana impinduka (kubera ko ibimenyetso bishobora gutangwa n'intoki), iki gice kigomba gusimburwa byihuse bishoboka mugihe habaye gusenyuka.Kugirango usimbuze, ugomba guhitamo relay yubwoko bumwe na moderi yashyizwe kumodoka mbere.Nyamara, uyumunsi haribintu byinshi bisa nibisanzwe bihinduka kumasoko, kandi muribyo ushobora guhitamo igikoresho cyiza.Guhitamo neza, ugomba gusuzuma ibi bikurikira:
• Gutanga voltage - relay igomba guhuza n'amashanyarazi y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'ikinyabiziga (12 cyangwa 24 volt);
• Umubare n’aho uhurira (pinout) - relay igomba kugwa mumwanya wa relay na fuse agasanduku cyangwa muguhuza gutandukanye nta gihindutse;
• Ibipimo by'urubanza - relay ntigomba kurenga ibipimo by'agasanduku ka relay na fuse (nubwo hano hari ibitemewe).
Ibyerekezo bigezweho biroroshye guhinduka - ugomba gufungura relay na fuse agasanduku, kuvanaho relay ishaje, nibiba ngombwa, sukura umuyagankuba (gukuramo umwanda numukungugu), hanyuma ushiremo relay nshya.Kumena amashanyarazi ya electromagnetothermal hamwe na screw ihuza byinshi bisaba manipulation nyinshi: ugomba guhanagura utubuto twa relay ishaje, kuvanaho insinga no kubikosora kuri relay nshya.Muri iki gihe, relay ubwayo isanzwe ishyirwa kumubiri ukoresheje igitereko na bolt.Rimwe na rimwe, amashanyarazi ya electromagnetothermal yemerera impinduka mugihe cyo guhagarara kwubu - kubwibi, igikoresho kigomba gusenywa no guhindurwa muguhindura umugozi ukurura umugozi wa nichrome.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no kwishyiriraho, relay izatangira gukora ako kanya, iyemeze kubahiriza amategeko yumuhanda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-18-2023