Muri buri kinyabiziga kigezweho harimo umuyoboro wamashanyarazi wateye imbere, voltage ikomezwa nigice cyihariye - relay-regulaire.Soma byose kubyerekeranye na relay-abagenzuzi, ubwoko bwabo buriho, igishushanyo nigikorwa, kimwe no guhitamo no gusimbuza ibi bice mu ngingo.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kugenzura imbaraga za voltage?
Imiyoboro ya voltage (voltage voltage) ni igice cya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi;Igikoresho cyumukanishi, amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bitanga inkunga kumashanyarazi akorera mumashanyarazi kumurongo runaka.
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'ibinyabiziga yubatswe kuburyo iyo amashanyarazi ahagaritswe, bateri (bateri) ikora nkisoko yingufu, kandi iyo itangiye, generator ihindura igice cyingufu za moteri mumashanyarazi.Nyamara, generator ifite imbogamizi zikomeye - imbaraga z'umuvuduko ukomoka kuri yo biterwa n'umuvuduko wa crankshaft, kimwe n'umuyoboro ukoreshwa n'umutwaro n'ubushyuhe bwibidukikije.Kurandura iyi ngaruka, igikoresho cyabafasha kirakoreshwa - kugenzura-kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura gusa voltage.
Igenzura rya voltage rikemura ibibazo byinshi:
● Guhindura ingufu za voltage - kugumana imbaraga z'umuyoboro uri mu ndege mu gihe cyagenwe (muri 12-14 cyangwa 24-28 volt hamwe no gutandukana byemewe);
Kurinda bateri gusohoka binyuze mumashanyarazi ya moteri iyo moteri ihagaritswe;
Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwabashinzwe kugenzura - guhagarika byikora gutangira iyo moteri itangiye neza;
Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwabashinzwe kugenzura - guhuza byikora no guhagarika generator kuva muri bateri kugirango uyishyure;
Types Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwabashinzwe kugenzura - guhindura voltage yumurongo wubwato bitewe nikirere cyifashe muri iki gihe (kwimura amashanyarazi mumikorere yimpeshyi nimbeho).
Imodoka zose, romoruki n'imashini zitandukanye zifite ibikoresho-bigenzura.Imikorere mibi yiki gice ihungabanya imikorere ya sisitemu yamashanyarazi yose, mubihe bimwe na bimwe ibi bishobora kuviramo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi numuriro.Kubwibyo, umugenzuzi udakwiye agomba gusimburwa byihuse, kandi kugirango uhitemo neza igice gishya, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ubwoko buriho, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere yabashinzwe kugenzura.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya relay-kugenzura
Uyu munsi, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwabashinzwe kugenzura, ariko akazi kabo gashingiye kumahame amwe.Umugenzuzi uwo ari we wese arimo ibintu bitatu bifitanye isano:
- Gupima (ibyiyumvo);
- Kugereranya (kugenzura) ikintu;
- Ikintu kigenga.
Igenzura rihujwe n'umurima uhindagurika wa generator (OVG), gupima no guhindura imbaraga ziriho - ibi bituma imbaraga za voltage zihagarara.Muri rusange, iyi sisitemu ikora kuburyo bukurikira.Ikintu cyo gupima, cyubatswe hashingiwe kumashanyarazi ya voltage, gihora gikurikirana imbaraga zubu muri OVG ikayihindura mubimenyetso biza kugereranya (kugenzura).Hano, ibimenyetso bigereranwa nibisanzwe - agaciro ka voltage isanzwe igomba gukora mumashanyarazi yimodoka.Ikirangantego gishobora kubakwa hashingiwe ku kunyeganyega kwerekanwa na diode ya zener.Niba ibimenyetso biva mubintu bipima bihuye nibisobanuro (hamwe no gutandukana byemewe), noneho umugenzuzi ntakora.Niba ibimenyetso byinjira bitandukanye nibimenyetso byerekanwe muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, noneho kugereranya ibintu bitanga ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura kiza mubintu bigenga byubatswe kuri relay, transistor cyangwa ibindi bintu.Ikintu kigenga gihindura ibyagezweho muri OVG, bigera ku kugaruka kwa voltage kumusaruro wa generator kumipaka isabwa.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya voltage igishushanyo
Nkuko bimaze kugaragara, ibice bigenzura byubatswe kubintu bitandukanye, hashingiwe kubikoresho bigabanijwe muburyo butandukanye:
Kunyeganyega;
● Twandikire-transistor;
Trans Transistor ya elegitoronike (itagira aho ihurira);
● Integral (transistor, yakozwe hakoreshejwe ikorana buhanga).
Igishushanyo cyerekana kunyeganyega-kugenzura
Amateka, ibikoresho byo kunyeganyega nibyo byambere byagaragaye, mubyukuri, byitwa relay-regulator.Muri icyo gikoresho, ibice byose uko ari bitatu birashobora guhurizwa hamwe mugushushanya - icyerekezo cya electromagnetic relay hamwe nibisanzwe bifunze, nubwo ikintu cyo gupima gishobora gukorwa muburyo bwo gutandukanya abarwanya.Imbaraga zo guhagarika isoko yo kugaruka ikora nkigiciro cyerekanwe muri relay.Muri rusange, relay-igenzura ikora gusa.Hamwe numuyoboro muke kuri OVG cyangwa voltage nkeya kumusaruro wa generator (bitewe nuburyo bwo guhuza umugenzuzi), relay ntabwo ikora kandi numuyoboro utemba mubuntu binyuze mumikoranire yayo ifunze - ibi bituma kwiyongera kwa voltage.Iyo voltage izamutse, relay iraterwa, voltage mumuzunguruko igabanuka hanyuma relay ikarekurwa, voltage irongera ikongera ikongera ikongera - niko relay ihinduka muburyo bwo kunyeganyega.Iyo voltage kuri generator ihinduye icyerekezo kimwe cyangwa ikindi, inshuro zinyeganyega za relay zirahinduka, zituma voltage ihagarara.
Kugeza ubu, ibizunguruka byerekana, bifite ubushobozi buke kandi byizewe bidahagije, ntibikoreshwa ku binyabiziga.Igihe kimwe, basabwaga na contact-transistor igenzura, aho relaire yinyeganyeza ikoreshwa nkikintu cyo kugereranya / kugenzura, na transistor ikora muburyo bwingenzi ikoreshwa nkibintu bigenga.Hano, transistor ikina uruhare rwa relay contact, kubwibyo, muri rusange, imikorere yumuyobozi nkiyi yasobanuwe haruguru.Uyu munsi, abagenzuzi b'ubu bwoko basimburwa na tristoriste idafite aho ihuriye n'ibishushanyo bitandukanye.
Mugenzuzi wa transistor udahuza, relay isimburwa nigikoresho cyoroshye cya semiconductor - diode ya zener.Zener diode stabilisation voltage ikoreshwa nkigiciro cyerekana, kandi igenzura ryubatswe hashingiwe kuri transistors.Kuri voltage nkeya, diode ya zener na transistor biri mumiterere kuburyo amashanyarazi ntarengwa atangwa kuri OVG, bigatuma kwiyongera kwa voltage.Iyo urwego rukenewe rwa voltage rumaze kugerwaho, diode ya zener na transistors bihindukirira mubindi bihugu hanyuma bigatangira gukora muburyo bwo kunyeganyega, nkuko bisanzwe bigenda, bitanga imbaraga za voltage.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho byubatswe kuri tristoriste kandi birashobora kugira moderi yubugari bwa pulse (PWM), binyuze murwego rwo guhinduranya inshuro zumuzunguruko kandi igikoresho gishobora kwinjizwa muri sisitemu rusange yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga.
Igenzura ridahuza transistor rirashobora gukorwa kubintu byihariye hamwe nikoranabuhanga rihuriweho.Mu rubanza rwa mbere, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bisanzwe (zener diode, transistors, résistoriste, nibindi) birakoreshwa, mugihe cya kabiri, igice cyose giteranijwe kuri chip imwe cyangwa guhuza ibice bya radiyo yuzuye byuzuyemo ibice.
Igishushanyo cyatekerejweho gifite ibyuma byoroheje byifashishwa, mubyukuri, ibikoresho byinshi bigoye hamwe nibice bitandukanye byingirakamaro bifashwa - kugenzura gutangira, kubuza gusohora bateri binyuze mumurima uhinduranya, gukosora uburyo bwo gukora bitewe n'ubushyuhe, kurinda umuzunguruko, kwisuzumisha nibindi .Kuri relay-rezo nyinshi za traktor namakamyo, birashoboka ko hahindurwa intoki za voltage ya stabilisation nayo irashyirwa mubikorwa.Iri hindurwa rikorwa hakoreshejwe résistoriste ihinduka (mubikoresho byinyeganyeza - ukoresheje isoko) ukoresheje leveri cyangwa ikiganza cyashyizwe hanze yinzu.
Igenzura rikorwa muburyo bwa buke zashyizwe kuri generator cyangwa ahantu heza ku kinyabiziga.Igikoresho kirashobora guhuzwa na OVG na / cyangwa ibisohoka bya generator, cyangwa igice cyumuriro wamashanyarazi aho bikenewe ingufu za voltage zihamye.Muri iki kibazo, itumanaho rimwe rya OVG rigomba guhuzwa na "+" cyangwa kuri "-" ku mashanyarazi.
Igenzura rya voltage ryerekana gushiraho hanze ya generator
Ibibazo byo gutoranya, gusuzuma no gusimbuza voltage igenzura
Imikorere mibi itandukanye irashobora kugaragara mumashanyarazi-relay, akenshi usanga bigaragazwa no kubura amashanyarazi yumuriro wa batiri kandi, kurundi ruhande, numuyoboro mwinshi wa bateri.Kugenzura byoroshye kugenzura birashobora gukorwa hifashishijwe voltmeter - tangira moteri hanyuma ureke ikore kuri frequence ya 10-15 rpm kandi hamwe n'amatara kuminota 2500-3000.Noneho, utagabanije umuvuduko kandi utazimye amatara, bapima voltage kuri terefone ya batiri - igomba kuba 14.1-14.3 volt (kuri 24-volt inshuro ebyiri hejuru).Niba voltage iri hasi cyane cyangwa hejuru, noneho uyu numwanya wo kugenzura generator, kandi niba iri murutonde, usimbuze umuyobozi.
Icyerekezo-cyubwoko bumwe nicyitegererezo cyashyizweho mbere bigomba gufatwa kugirango bisimburwe.Birakenewe cyane cyane kwitondera gahunda yo guhuza umugenzuzi numuyoboro uri kumurongo (kuri terefone ya generator nibindi bintu), kimwe no gutanga amashanyarazi numuyoboro.Gusimbuza igice bigomba gukorwa ukurikije amabwiriza, akazi gashobora gukorwa gusa mugihe moteri ihagaritswe hanyuma terminal ikurwa muri bateri.Niba ibyifuzo byose byakurikijwe, hamwe nubuyobozi byatoranijwe neza, noneho bizahita bitangira gukora, byemeze imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu yamashanyarazi.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-13-2023