Buri moteri yaka imbere irimo umutwe wa silinderi (umutwe wa silinderi) - igice cyingenzi, hamwe numutwe wa piston, kigakora icyumba cyaka, kandi kigira uruhare runini mumikorere ya sisitemu yihariye yumuriro w'amashanyarazi.Soma byose kubyerekeye imitwe ya silinderi, ubwoko bwayo, igishushanyo, ibisabwa, kubungabunga no gusana muriyi ngingo.
Umutwe wa silinderi ni iki?
Umutwe wa silinderi (umutwe wa silinderi) nigice cyimbere cya moteri yaka yashyizwe hejuru yumurongo wa silinderi.
Umutwe wa silinderi ni kimwe mu bice byingenzi bigize moteri yaka imbere, iremeza imikorere yayo kandi ikagena imikorere nyamukuru iranga.Ariko umutwe wahawe inshingano zitari nke:
• Gushinga ibyumba byo gutwika - mu gice cyo hepfo cyumutwe, giherereye hejuru ya silinderi, icyumba cyo gutwika kirakorwa (igice cyangwa cyuzuye), ingano yacyo yose iba iyo piston ya TDC igeze;
• Gutanga umwuka cyangwa lisansi-mwuka bivanze mubyumba byaka - imiyoboro ijyanye (gufata) ikorwa mumutwe wa silinderi;
• Gukuraho imyuka isohoka mu byumba byaka - imiyoboro ijyanye (umuyaga) ikorwa mu mutwe wa silinderi;
• Gukonjesha amashanyarazi - mumutwe wa silinderi hari imiyoboro yikoti yamazi inyuramo ikonjesha;
• Kugenzura imikorere yuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza gazi (igihe) - indangagaciro ziherereye mumutwe (hamwe nibice byose bifitanye isano - ibihuru, intebe) zifungura kandi zifunga imiyoboro yinjira nogusohora bikurikije moteri ya moteri.Nanone, igihe cyose gishobora kuba kiri kumutwe - camshaft (shafts) hamwe nibikoresho byabo, ibyuma bya valve, isoko ya valve, amasoko ya valve nibindi bice bifitanye isano;
• Gusiga ibice byigihe - imiyoboro n'ibikoresho bikozwe mumutwe, unyuzamo amavuta atembera hejuru yibice;
• Kugenzura imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutera lisansi (muri moteri ya mazutu na injeneri) na / cyangwa sisitemu yo gutwika (muri moteri ya lisansi) - inshinge za lisansi na / cyangwa ibyuma bisohora ibice bifitanye isano (kimwe n'amashanyarazi ya mazutu) byashyizwe kuri umutwe;
• Gukora nkigice cyumubiri mugushiraho ibice bitandukanye - gufata no gusohora ibintu byinshi, sensor, imiyoboro, imirongo, imizingo, ibipfukisho nibindi.
Bitewe nuburyo bunini bwimirimo, ibisabwa bikomeye bishyirwa kumutwe wa silinderi, kandi igishushanyo cyacyo kirashobora kuba ingorabahizi.Uyu munsi kandi hari ubwoko bwinshi bwimitwe aho imikorere yasobanuwe ishyirwa mubikorwa muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.
Ubwoko bwimitwe ya silinderi
Imitwe ya silinderi iratandukanye mubishushanyo, ubwoko nahantu byumba byaka, kuboneka nubwoko bwigihe, kimwe nintego nibintu bimwe na bimwe.
imitwe ya silinderi irashobora kugira kimwe mubishushanyo bine:
• Umutwe uhuriweho na silinderi zose muri moteri kumurongo;
• Imitwe isanzwe kumurongo umwe wa silinderi muri moteri ya V.
• Gutandukanya imitwe ya silinderi nyinshi ya moteri nyinshi mumurongo;
• Imitwe ya silinderi kugiti cye mumurongo umwe, ibiri- na silindiri nyinshi, umurongo wa V na moteri.
Ubwoko bwibanze bwibyumba byo gutwika moteri yimbere
Mubisanzwe bisanzwe 2-6-silinderi kumurongo wa moteri, imitwe isanzwe ikoreshwa cyane mugutwikira silinderi zose.Kuri moteri ya V, imitwe yombi ya silinderi ihuriweho numurongo umwe wa silinderi hamwe numutwe kugiti cya buri silinderi ikoreshwa (urugero, moteri umunani KAMAZ 740 ikoresha imitwe itandukanye kuri buri silinderi).Imitwe itandukanye ya moteri ya moteri kumurongo ikoreshwa cyane cyane, mubisanzwe umutwe umwe utwikiriye silindiri 2 cyangwa 3 (urugero, muri moteri ya mazutu itandatu ya mazutu MMZ D-260 hashyizweho imitwe ibiri - imwe kuri silinderi 3).Imitwe ya silinderi kugiti cye ikoreshwa kuri moteri ikomeye ya moteri ya mazutu (urugero, kuri moteri ya mazutu ya Altai A-01), ndetse no mubice byamashanyarazi byashushanyije bidasanzwe (bokisi batera silindiri ebyiri, inyenyeri, nibindi).Kandi mubisanzwe, imitwe yonyine irashobora gukoreshwa kuri moteri imwe ya silinderi imwe, nayo ikora imirimo yumuriro ukonjesha ikirere.
Ukurikije aho icyumba cyaka, hari ubwoko butatu bwimitwe:
• Hamwe nicyumba cyo gutwika mumutwe wa silinderi - muriki gihe, piston ifite hasi iringaniye, cyangwa ifite icyimura;
• Hamwe nicyumba cyo gutwika mumutwe wa silinderi no muri piston - muriki gihe, igice cyicyumba cyo gutwika gikorerwa mumutwe wa piston;
• Hamwe nicyumba cyo gutwika muri piston - muriki gihe, hejuru yumutwe wa silinderi haringaniye (ariko hashobora kubaho ibiruhuko byo gushyiramo valve mumwanya uhengamye).
Muri icyo gihe, ibyumba byo gutwika birashobora kugira imiterere nuburyo butandukanye: sherfike na hemispherical, ikibuno, wedge na kimwe cya kabiri, igorofa-oval, silindrike, igoye (ihuriweho).
Ukurikije ibice byigihe, umuyobozi wigice ni:
• Hatabayeho igihe - imitwe ya silindiri nyinshi-ya-valve na moteri imwe-ya moteri ebyiri-idafite moteri;
• Hamwe na valve, amaboko ya rocker nibindi bifitanye isano - imitwe ya moteri ifite kamera yo hepfo, ibice byose biherereye hejuru yumutwe wa silinderi;
• Hamwe nigihe cyuzuye - camshaft, disiki ya valve na valve hamwe nibice bifitanye isano, ibice byose biherereye mugice cyo hejuru cyumutwe.
Hanyuma, imitwe irashobora kugabanywa ukurikije intego zabo muburyo bwinshi - kuri mazutu, lisansi na lisansi, kuri moteri yihuta kandi ihatirwa ingufu, kuri moteri ikonjesha amazi akonje kandi ikonjesha ikirere, nibindi muribi bihe byose , imitwe ya silinderi ifite ibishushanyo bimwe na bimwe - ibipimo, kuba hariho imiyoboro ikonje cyangwa fin, imiterere yibyumba byaka, nibindi. Ariko muri rusange, igishushanyo cyiyi mitwe yose ni kimwe.
igishushanyo mbonera
Igice cyumutwe wa silinderi
Mu buryo bwubaka, umutwe wa silinderi nigice gikomeye gikozwe mubikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi - uyumunsi usanga akenshi ari aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu, ibyuma byera byera hamwe nandi mavuta.Ibice byose bya sisitemu iherereyemo bikozwe mumutwe - imiyoboro yo gufata no gusohora, imyobo ya valve (ibiyobora valve ishiramo muri bo), ibyumba byo gutwika, intebe za valve (birashobora gukorwa mumashanyarazi akomeye), hejuru yubufasha bwo gushiraho Ibice byigihe, amariba hamwe no gushiraho umwobo wogushiraho kugirango ushyire buji na / cyangwa nozzles, imiyoboro ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha, imiyoboro ya sisitemu yo gusiga, Niba umutwe ugenewe moteri ifite kamera yo hejuru, noneho igitanda kiba hejuru yacyo hejuru kugirango ushireho uruzitiro. (unyuze kumurongo).
Kuruhande rwuruhande rwumutwe wa silinderi, hejuru yuzuye huzuzwa kwinjiza no gusohora ibintu byinshi.Kwishyiriraho ibi bice bikorwa binyuze mu gufunga gasketi ikuyemo imyuka iva mu kirere hamwe n’imyuka isohoka.Kuri moteri zigezweho, kwishyiriraho ibi nibindi bice kumutwe bikorwa hakoreshejwe sitidiyo.
Ku buso bwo hasi bwumutwe wa silinderi, hejuru yuzuye huzuzwa kugirango ushire kumurongo.Kugirango ubukana bwibyumba byaka hamwe numuyoboro wa sisitemu yo gukonjesha, gaze iri hagati yumutwe wa silinderi hamwe nubucuruzi.Gufunga birashobora gukorwa na gasketi isanzwe ikozwe muri paronite, ibikoresho bishingiye kuri reberi, nibindi, ariko mumyaka yashize, ibyo bita ibyuma bipakurura ibyuma byakoreshejwe cyane - gasketi ishingiye kumuringa hamwe na insimburangingo.
Igice cyo hejuru cyumutwe gifunze umupfundikizo (kashe ya kashe cyangwa plastike) hamwe nijosi ryuzuza amavuta hamwe nuhagarara.Gushyira igifuniko bikorwa binyuze mu gaseke.Igifuniko kirinda ibice byigihe, indiba n'amasoko umwanda no kwangirika, kandi bikanarinda amavuta kumeneka mugihe imodoka igenda.
Igishushanyo mbonera
Kwinjiza umutwe wa silinderi kumutwe bikorwa bikorwa na sitidiyo.Ubushakashatsi nibyiza cyane kuri aluminiyumu, kuko itanga clamp yizewe kumutwe kandi ikagabana imizigo mumubiri wikibanza.
Imitwe ya silinderi ya moteri ikonjesha ikirere (ipikipiki, scooter nizindi) ifite udusimba hejuru yinyuma - kuba hari udusimba twongera cyane ubuso bwumutwe, bigatuma ubukonje bwabwo bukorwa neza nikirere cyegereje.
Ibibazo byo kubungabunga, gusana no gusimbuza umutwe wa silinderi
Umutwe wa silinderi hamwe nibice byashyizwe kuriwo bikorerwa imitwaro ihambaye, biganisha ku kwambara cyane no gusenyuka.Nkuko bisanzwe, imikorere mibi yumutwe ubwayo ni gake - ibi ni deformations zitandukanye, gucamo, kwangirika bitewe na ruswa, nibindi. Kubisimbuza, ugomba guhitamo umutwe wubwoko bumwe na numero ya catalog, naho ubundi igice ntikizagwamo ikibanza (nta gihindutse).
Kenshi na kenshi, kumenagura umutwe wa silinderi bibaho muri sisitemu yashizwemo - igihe, amavuta, nibindi. Ubusanzwe iyi ni kwambara intebe za valve na bushing, valve ubwazo, ibice byo gutwara, camshaft, nibindi. Muri ibi bihe byose, ibice bifite inenge birasimburwa cyangwa yasanwe.Nyamara, muri garage, ubwoko bumwe bwo gusana biragoye gukora, kurugero, gukanda no gukanda valve iyobora ibihuru, gukubita intebe za valve nibindi bikorwa birashoboka gusa nigikoresho kidasanzwe.
By'umwihariko hagomba kwitonderwa kwishyiriraho neza umutwe wa silinderi.Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko igitereko cyumutwe wa silinderi gishobora gutabwa, kigomba guhinduka niba umutwe waciwe, kongera gushiraho iki gice ntibyemewe.Mugihe ushyizeho umutwe wa silinderi, gahunda ikwiye yo kwizirika (stidi cyangwa bolts) igomba kubahirizwa: mubisanzwe akazi gatangirira hagati yumutwe hamwe no kugenda werekeza kumpera.Hamwe no gukomera, umutwaro kumutwe uragabanijwe neza kandi birabujijwe guhinduka.
Mugihe cyimikorere yimodoka, gufata neza umutwe hamwe na sisitemu iherereyemo bigomba gukorwa hubahirijwe amabwiriza nibyifuzo byuwabikoze.Hamwe no kubungabunga no gusana mugihe, umutwe wa silinderi na moteri yose bizakora neza kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2023