Na'urar hana kulle birki (ABS) tana lura da ma'auni na motsin abin hawa bisa ga karatun firikwensin da aka sanya akan ƙafa ɗaya ko fiye.Koyi game da abin da firikwensin ABS yake da kuma dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar shi, wane nau'in shi ne, yadda yake aiki da kuma irin ka'idodin aikinsa - gano daga labarin.
Menene firikwensin ABS
ABS firikwensin (kuma firikwensin saurin mota, DSA) firikwensin mara lamba ne na saurin juyi (ko saurin) na dabaran motocin sanye take da tsarin tsaro na lantarki daban-daban da tsarin kulawa na taimako.Na'urori masu auna saurin gudu sune manyan abubuwan aunawa waɗanda ke tabbatar da aiki na tsarin hana kulle birki (ABS), tsarin kula da kwanciyar hankali (ESC) da sarrafa motsi.Har ila yau, ana amfani da karatun firikwensin a wasu tsarin sarrafa watsawa ta atomatik, ma'aunin ma'aunin taya, hasken daidaitawa da sauransu.
Dukkan motoci na zamani da sauran motoci masu kafa da yawa suna da na'urori masu auna gudu.A kan motocin fasinja, ana shigar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin akan kowace dabaran, akan motocin kasuwanci da manyan motoci, ana iya shigar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin duka akan dukkan ƙafafun kuma a cikin bambance-bambancen axle na tuƙi (ɗaya a kowace axle).Don haka, na'urorin hana kulle birki na iya sa ido kan yanayin duk ƙafafun ko ƙafafun tuƙi, kuma bisa ga wannan bayanin, yin canje-canje ga tsarin birki.
Nau'in firikwensin ABS
Duk DSAs ɗin da ke akwai sun kasu zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu:
• Ƙunƙasa - ƙaddamarwa;
• Mai aiki - magnetoresistive kuma bisa ga na'urori masu auna firikwensin Hall.
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba sa buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki na waje kuma suna da ƙira mafi sauƙi, amma suna da ƙananan daidaito da yawan rashin amfani, don haka a yau ba su da amfani.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin ABS suna buƙatar iko don yin aiki, sun ɗan fi rikitarwa a ƙira kuma sun fi tsada, amma suna ba da ingantaccen karatu kuma sun dogara da aiki.Don haka, a yau ana shigar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin akan yawancin motoci.
DSA na kowane nau'i yana da nau'i biyu:
• Madaidaici (ƙarshen);
•Kusurwa.
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin kai tsaye suna da nau'i na silinda ko sanda, a ɗaya ƙarshen abin da aka shigar da wani abu mai mahimmanci, a ɗayan - mai haɗawa ko waya tare da mai haɗawa.Na'urorin firikwensin kusurwa suna sanye da haɗin haɗin kusurwa ko waya mai haɗin haɗi, kuma suna da madaidaicin filastik ko ƙarfe mai ramin rami.
Zane da kuma aiki na ABS inductive firikwensin
Wannan shine mafi sauƙin firikwensin sauri a cikin ƙira da aiki.Ya dogara ne akan raunin inductor tare da siririyar waya ta jan karfe, wanda a cikinsa akwai maganadisu mai ƙarfi na dindindin da kuma baƙin ƙarfe na ƙarfe.Ƙarshen coil ɗin da ke da ma'aunin maganadisu yana kusa da dabaran kayan aikin ƙarfe (pulse rotor), mai tsayin daka akan cibiya ta dabaran.Haƙoran rotor suna da bayanin martaba na rectangular, nisa tsakanin hakora daidai yake da ko ɗan girma fiye da faɗin su.
Ayyukan wannan firikwensin ya dogara ne akan yanayin shigar da wutar lantarki.A hutawa, babu wani halin yanzu a cikin na'urar firikwensin, tun da yake kewaye da filin maganadisu akai-akai - babu sigina a fitowar firikwensin.Yayin da motar ke motsawa, haƙoran rotor pulse suna wucewa kusa da ma'aunin maganadisu na firikwensin, wanda ke haifar da canji a filin maganadisu da ke wucewa ta cikin na'urar.A sakamakon haka, filin maganadisu ya zama mai canzawa, wanda, bisa ga ka'idar shigar da wutar lantarki, yana haifar da madaidaicin halin yanzu a cikin nada.Wannan halin yanzu yana bambanta bisa ga ka'idar sine, kuma yawan canjin halin yanzu yana dogara ne akan saurin jujjuyawar na'urar, wato, akan saurin motar.
Na'urori masu auna saurin inductive suna da babban lahani - suna fara aiki ne kawai lokacin da aka shawo kan wani gudu kuma suna samar da sigina mai rauni.Wannan ya sa ABS da sauran tsarin ba zai yiwu ba suyi aiki a ƙananan gudu kuma sau da yawa yana haifar da kurakurai.Don haka, DSAs masu ɗorewa na nau'in inductive a yau suna ba da hanya ga ƙarin ci gaba masu aiki.
Zane da kuma aiki na na'urori masu auna gudu dangane da ɓangaren Hall
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka dogara da abubuwan Hall sune mafi yawan gama gari saboda sauƙi da amincin su.Sun dogara ne akan tasirin Hall - abin da ya faru na yuwuwar bambance-bambance a cikin jagoran jirgin da aka sanya a cikin filin maganadisu.Irin wannan jagorar wani farantin karfe ne mai murabba'in da aka sanya shi a cikin microcircuit (Hall hadedde circuit), wanda kuma ya ƙunshi da'irar lantarki mai kimantawa wanda ke haifar da siginar dijital.An shigar da wannan guntu a cikin firikwensin saurin.
A tsari, DSA tare da wani Hall kashi ne mai sauki: shi dogara ne a kan wani microcircuit, a baya wanda akwai wani m maganadisu, da kuma karfe farantin-magnetic core za a iya located a kusa.Ana sanya duk wannan a cikin akwati, a bayansa akwai mai haɗa wutar lantarki ko madugu tare da haɗin.Na'urar firikwensin yana gaban injin bugun bugun jini, wanda za'a iya yin shi ta hanyar nau'in kayan ƙarfe ko zobe tare da sassan magnetized, na'urar bugun bugun jini tana da ƙarfi akan cibiya ta dabaran.
Ka'idar aiki na firikwensin Hall shine kamar haka.Haɗin da'irar Hall ɗin koyaushe yana haifar da sigina na dijital a cikin nau'in bugun bugun murabba'i na mitar takamammen.A hutawa, wannan siginar yana da ƙarancin mitar ko kuma ba ya nan gaba ɗaya.A farkon motsi na motar, sassan magnetized ko hakoran rotor suna wucewa ta hanyar firikwensin, wanda ya haifar da canji a cikin halin yanzu a cikin firikwensin - wannan canji yana kula da yanayin kimantawa, wanda ke haifar da siginar fitarwa.Mitar siginar bugun jini ya dogara da saurin jujjuyawar dabaran, wanda tsarin hana kulle-kulle ke amfani da shi.
DSA na wannan nau'in ba shi da lahani na firikwensin inductive, suna ba ku damar auna saurin jujjuyawar ƙafafun a zahiri daga farkon santimita na motsin motar, daidai ne kuma abin dogaro a cikin aiki.
Zane da aiki na anisotropic magnetoresistive gudun firikwensin
Magnetoresistive gudun firikwensin sun dogara ne akan tasirin magnetoresistive anisotropic, wanda shine canji a juriyar lantarki na kayan ferromagnetic lokacin da yanayin su ya canza dangane da filin maganadisu akai-akai.
Abun da ke da mahimmanci na firikwensin shine "Layer cake" na faranti biyu ko hudu na bakin ciki na permalloy (wani nau'i na musamman na baƙin ƙarfe-nickel), wanda ake amfani da conductors na karfe, yana rarraba layin filin maganadisu ta wata hanya.Ana sanya faranti da madubai a cikin haɗaɗɗiyar da'irar, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi da'irar kimantawa don samar da siginar fitarwa.An shigar da wannan guntu a cikin firikwensin da ke gaban rotor pulse - zoben filastik tare da sassan magnetized.An ɗora zoben da tsayin daka akan madaurin motar.
Ayyukan na'urori masu auna firikwensin AMR sun gangara zuwa masu zuwa.A sauran, juriya na ferromagnetic faranti na firikwensin ya kasance baya canzawa, don haka siginar fitarwa da aka haɗa ta da'ira shima baya canzawa ko kuma baya nan gaba ɗaya.Yayin da motar ke tafiya, sassan zoben bugun bugun jini suna wucewa ta wurin na'urar gano firikwensin, wanda ke haifar da wasu canje-canje a cikin al'amuran filin maganadisu.Wannan yana haifar da canji a cikin juriya na faranti na permalloy, wanda ke kula da da'irar kimantawa - a sakamakon haka, ana haifar da siginar dijital a cikin fitarwa na firikwensin, wanda yawancinsa ya dace da saurin mota.
Ya kamata a lura cewa magnetoresistive na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba ka damar waƙa ba kawai saurin juyawa na ƙafafun ba, har ma da jagorancin jujjuyawar su da lokacin tsayawa.Wannan yana yiwuwa saboda kasancewar na'ura mai jujjuya bugun jini tare da sassan magnetized: firikwensin yana saka idanu ba kawai canji a cikin shugabanci na filin maganadisu ba, har ma da jerin hanyoyin igiyoyin maganadisu da suka wuce abin ji.
DSAs na wannan nau'in sune mafi yawan abin dogara, suna ba da cikakkiyar daidaito wajen auna saurin juyawa na ƙafafun da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin aminci na abin hawa.
Babban ka'ida na aiki na firikwensin sauri a matsayin wani ɓangare na ABS da sauran tsarin
Na'urorin hana kulle birki, ba tare da la'akari da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka shigar a cikinsu ba, suna da ƙa'idar aiki iri ɗaya.Ƙungiyar kula da ABS tana lura da siginar da ke fitowa daga na'urori masu saurin sauri kuma suna kwatanta shi tare da alamun da aka riga aka ƙidaya na sauri da haɓakar abin hawa (waɗannan alamomin mutum ne ga kowace mota).Idan siginar daga firikwensin da sigogin da aka rubuta a cikin naúrar sarrafawa sun yi daidai, tsarin ba ya aiki.Idan siginar daga ɗaya ko fiye da na'urori masu auna firikwensin ya ɓace daga sigogin ƙira (wato, an katange ƙafafun), to, tsarin yana cikin tsarin birki, yana hana mummunan sakamako na kulle ƙafafun.
Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da aikin rigakafin kulle birki da sauran tsarin amincin mota masu aiki a cikin wasu labaran kan rukunin yanar gizon.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-24-2023