Matsar da kaya a kan ɗan gajeren nisa lokacin da ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da kayan aiki na musamman ba na iya zama matsala ta gaske.Winches na hannu suna zuwa don ceto a irin waɗannan yanayi.Karanta duk game da winches na hannu, nau'ikan su, ƙira da halaye, da zaɓi da amfani da waɗannan na'urori a cikin labarin.
Menene winch hannu
Winch na hannu shine tsarin ɗagawa da jigilar kaya (ɗagawa) da hannu wanda aka ƙera don a kwance kuma, a ɗan ƙarami, motsi na lodi daban-daban.
A yayin da ake gudanar da ayyukan lodi da sauke kaya, ana bukatar gagarumin kokari wajen fitar da ababen hawa da injuna da suka makale, don kwashe kayayyaki daga wuri zuwa wuri.Don irin wannan aikin, zaka iya amfani da kayan ɗagawa na musamman, amma wannan ba koyaushe zai yiwu ba.A cikin yanayi inda babu kayan aiki na musamman, kuma ƙoƙarin da ake buƙata bai wuce tan da yawa ba, hanyoyin ɗagawa masu sauƙi da jigilar kayayyaki tare da tuƙi na hannu sun zo wurin ceto - winches na hannu.
Ana iya amfani da winches na hannu a cikin yanayi daban-daban:
● Fitar da motoci, tarakta, injuna da sauran kayan aiki makale a kan tituna;
● Motsawa da ɗaga kaya akan wuraren gine-gine;
● Yin aiki na asali da na taimako a yayin da ake yin kaya da kuma saukewa a cikin rashin ● winches na lantarki da kayan aiki na musamman, da kuma a cikin wuraren da aka kulle.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa a halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan ɗagawa da jigilar abubuwa guda biyu masu kama da aiki: winches da aka fi amfani da su don motsa kaya a cikin jirgin sama na kwance, da kuma hoists da ake amfani da su don motsa kaya a cikin jirgin sama a tsaye.Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi winches da hannu kawai.
Nau'i, ƙira da halaye na winches na hannu
An raba winches na hannu zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu bisa ga ka'idar aiki:
● Spiers (ganguna, capstans);
● Hanyoyin shigarwa da haɓakawa (MTM).
A cikin zuciyar spire (drum) winches wani ganga ne wanda kebul ko tef ya raunata, ana haifar da raguwa lokacin da ganga ya juya.A tsakiyar MTM ɗin akwai nau'i-nau'i na mannewa waɗanda ke ba da matsewa da ja da kebul ɗin, ta haka ne ke haifar da jan hankali.Duk waɗannan winches suna da fasalin ƙirar nasu.
Spire winches an kasu kashi da dama iri bisa ga hanyar canja wurin karfi zuwa drum:
● Gear;
● tsutsa;
● Lever.
Na'urar na'ura mai hawa da motsi
Gear da winches na tsutsotsi ana kiransu kawai a matsayin winches.A tsari, irin waɗannan winches suna da sauƙi.Tushen winch gear shine firam wanda aka shigar da ganga mai tsayayyen igiyar igiya da babban kaya a ɗaya daga cikin iyakar akan gatari.A kan firam ɗin akwai hannun da aka haɗa da ƙaramin kayan aiki, wanda ke aiki tare da kayan aiki akan drum.Har ila yau, tsarin dakatar da ratchet yana da alaƙa da hannu ko drum - dabaran gear da pawl mai ɗaukar ruwa mai motsi wanda zai iya kulle tsarin, kuma, idan ya cancanta, sake shi.Lokacin da hannun yana juyawa, drum ɗin kuma ya zo cikin juyawa, wanda kebul ɗin ya raunata - wannan yana haifar da ƙarfin motsa jiki wanda ke saita nauyin motsi.Idan ya cancanta, an kulle winch ta hanyar injin ratchet, wanda ke hana ganga daga juyawa ba da gangan ba a kishiyar hanya a ƙarƙashin kaya.
Winch tare da tsarin tsutsotsi yana da irin wannan zane, amma a cikin sa an maye gurbin nau'i na nau'i na nau'i na tsutsa, wanda tsutsa ya haɗa da kullun motar.Irin wannan winch na iya haifar da ƙoƙari mai yawa, amma ya fi wuya a yi, don haka ba shi da yawa.
Winches na gear da nau'in tsutsotsi galibi suna tsaye - firam ɗinsu an daidaita su da ƙarfi akan kafaffen tushe (a cikin bango, a ƙasa, akan firam ɗin mota ko wani abin hawa).
Lever winches suna da na'ura mafi sauƙi.Har ila yau, suna dogara ne akan firam, wanda a cikinsa akwai ganga mai kebul a kan axis, a daya ko duka biyun da aka gyara gears.Har ila yau, an shigar da lever a kan gadar drum, wanda aka rataye tawul ɗaya ko biyu - su, tare da motar gear (wheels) na drum, suna samar da tsarin ratchet.Lever na iya samun tsayi daban-daban, ya zama m ko telescopic (tsawo mai canzawa).Kusa da drum, an shigar da ƙarin pawl guda ɗaya ko biyu akan firam - su, tare da gears, suna samar da hanyar tsayawa wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ganga yana kulle a ƙarƙashin kaya.A gefe ɗaya na firam ɗin, ƙugiya ko ƙugiya an haɗa shi, tare da taimakon abin da aka gyara winch a kan wani abu mai mahimmanci, a gefe guda kuma akwai raunin igiya a kan drum kuma yana da haɗin gwiwa tare da shi.
Winch igiya igiya lever da hannu
Na'urar babban lever winch tare da toshe polyspast
Har ila yau, ƙwanƙwasa lever yana aiki a sauƙaƙe: lokacin da lever ya motsa a hanya ɗaya, pawls suna tsayawa a kan gears kuma suna juya ganga tare da su - wannan yana haifar da wani karfi mai mahimmanci wanda ke tabbatar da motsi na kaya.Lokacin da lefa ya koma baya, tawul ɗin suna zame haƙoran da yardar rai akan dabaran, suna komawa matsayinsu na asali.A lokaci guda, an kulle ganga ta tawul ɗin na'urar tasha, don haka winch ɗin yana riƙe da nauyi a ƙarƙashin kaya.
Lever winches yawanci šaukuwa ne (wayar hannu), don yin aikin ɗagawa da jigilar kaya, dole ne a fara gyara su a kan kafaffen tushe (itace, dutse, wani tsari ko abin hawa mai tsayayye), sannan a kiyaye lodin.
Gear, tsutsa da winches sun kasu kashi biyu bisa ga nau'in kebul ɗin da aka yi amfani da su:
● Kebul - sanye take da igiya mai karkatar da ƙarfe na ƙananan ɓangaren giciye;
Tef - sanye take da tef ɗin yadin da aka yi da nailan ko wasu kayan haɗin gwiwa.
Hanyoyin shigarwa da sufuri suna da ƙira daban-daban.Sun dogara ne akan wani jiki wanda a cikinsa akwai tubalan matse guda biyu, kowannensu ya ƙunshi pads (kunci).An haɗa tubalan ta hanyar matsewa, wanda shine tsarin sanduna da levers da ke da alaƙa da hannun tuƙi, juzu'i da lever na sakin injin igiya.A ɗaya ƙarshen jikin winch akwai ƙugiya ko ƙugiya, ta inda aka kafa na'urar a kan wani abu a tsaye.
Gangar igiyar igiya ta hannu
Winch ɗin bel ɗin hannu
Aikin MTM shine kamar haka.Kebul ɗin yana zare ta cikin jikin winch gaba ɗaya, yana tsakanin ɓangarorin ƙwanƙwasa, wanda, lokacin da lefa ya motsa, yana aiki a madadin.Lokacin da lefa ya motsa ta hanya daya, toshe guda yana danne a mayar da shi baya, na biyu kuma ya katse shi kuma ya ci gaba - sakamakon haka, igiya ta mike ta janye kayan.Lokacin da lefa ya koma baya, tubalan suna canza matsayi - saboda haka, kebul ɗin koyaushe yana daidaitawa da ɗayan tubalan kuma ana jan shi ta cikin winch.
Amfanin MTM shine ana iya amfani dashi tare da kebul na kowane tsayi, muddin yana da sashin giciye mai dacewa.
Winches na hannu suna haɓaka ƙarfin 0.45 zuwa 4 tons, ƙwanƙolin ganga suna sanye da igiyoyi ko kaset daga tsayin mita 1.2 zuwa 9, MTM na iya samun igiyoyi har zuwa mita 20 ko fiye a tsayi.Lever winches, a matsayin mai mulkin, an kuma sanye su da polyspast mai ƙarfi - ƙarin ƙugiya tare da toshe wanda ke ninka ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan kaya.Yawancin winches na zamani suna sanye da ƙugiya na ƙarfe tare da makullin da aka ɗora a cikin bazara, wanda ke ba da damar ɗaure kaya kawai, amma kuma yana hana zamewar wata igiya ko igiya yayin gudanar da ayyukan ɗagawa da sufuri.
Yadda za a zaɓa, shigar da amfani da winch hannun
Lokacin zabar winch, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da yanayin aikinsa da matsakaicin nauyin kayan da ake motsawa.Don amfani da motoci da SUVs, yana da isa sosai don samun winches tare da ɗaukar nauyin har zuwa ton biyu, don manyan motoci - har zuwa ton huɗu.Winches tare da ɗaukar nauyin 0.45-1.2 ton za a iya amfani da su don matsar da ƙananan kaya yayin shigar da sassa daban-daban, a wuraren gine-gine ko wuraren tallace-tallace.
Don motoci da waɗancan yanayi lokacin da za a motsa winch daga wuri zuwa wuri ko zaɓi wurin da ya fi dacewa don ɗaure, yana da kyau a yi amfani da na'urorin lever ta hannu.Kuma idan akwai wuri na musamman don hawan winch, to ya kamata ku ba da fifiko ga na'urar da ke da kaya ko tsutsa.A cikin waɗancan lokuta idan ya zama dole don amfani da igiyoyi masu tsayi, yana da kyau a nemi taimakon MTM.
Zaɓin mai ban sha'awa zai iya zama winches tare da polyspast: ƙananan kaya za a iya motsa ba tare da polyspast a babban gudun ba, da kuma manyan kaya tare da polyspast, amma a rage gudu.Hakanan zaka iya siyan ƙarin ƙugiya da igiyoyi, waɗanda zasu ba ka damar yin ayyuka daban-daban.
Winch drum na hannu tare da tuƙin tsutsa
Ya kamata a yi amfani da winches na hannu la'akari da umarni da shawarwari na gabaɗaya don lodawa da saukewa da ɗagawa da ayyukan sufuri.Lokacin amfani da lever winches da MTM, yakamata a daidaita su akan abubuwa ko sifofi masu tsayi.A lokacin aikin winch, ya kamata mutane su kiyaye nisa mai aminci daga kebul da kaya don guje wa rauni.Hakanan kuna buƙatar guje wa yin lodin winch.
Zaɓin daidai da aiki na winch shine garantin ingantaccen aiki da aminci na aiki a kowane yanayi.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-12-2023