Ukuthutha impahla ezindaweni ezikude lapho kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile kungaba inkinga yangempela.Amawintshi ezandla ayasiza ezimweni ezinjalo.Funda konke mayelana namawintshi ezandla, izinhlobo zawo, ukuklama nezici, kanye nokukhetha nokusetshenziswa kwalawa madivayisi esihlokweni.
Yini iwinch yesandla
Iwintshi yesandla iyindlela esebenza ngesandla yokuphakamisa kanye nokuthutha (ukuphakamisa) eyakhelwe ukuma evundlile futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, ukunyakaza okuqondile kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene.
Lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi yokulayisha nokuthulula, kudingeka imizamo ebalulekile yokukhipha izimoto nemishini evaleleke, ukuhambisa impahla isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye.Ngomsebenzi onjalo, ungasebenzisa imishini ekhethekile yokuphakamisa, kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi.Ezimweni lapho imishini ekhethekile ingatholakali, futhi umzamo odingekayo awudluli amathani amaningana, izindlela ezilula zokuphakamisa nezokuthutha nge-manual drive ziza ekusindiseni - amawintshi ezandla.
Amawintshi esandla angasetshenziswa ezimweni ezihlukahlukene:
● Ukudonsa izimoto, ogandaganda, imishini nezinye izinto ezibhajwe emigwaqweni;
● Ukuthutha nokuphakanyiswa kwezimpahla ezindaweni zokwakha;
● Ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo kanye neyokusiza ngesikhathi sokulayisha nokuthulula lapho kungekho ● amawintshi kagesi nezinto zokusebenza ezikhethekile, kanye nasezindaweni ezivalekile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwamanje kunamaqembu amabili ezindlela zokuphakamisa nezokuthutha ezifanayo ekusebenzeni: amawintshi asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa impahla endizeni evundlile, nama-hoists asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa impahla endizeni eqondile.Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa kuphela amawintshi aqhutshwa mathupha.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nezici zamawishi ezandla
Ama-winches ezandla ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokuya ngesimiso sokusebenza:
● Izicabucabu (isigubhu, ama-capstan);
● Izindlela zokufaka nokudonsa (MTM).
Enhliziyweni ye-spire (drum) ama-winches yisigubhu lapho kulimala khona intambo noma itheyiphu, ukudonsa kwenziwa lapho isigubhu sizungeza.Enhliziyweni ye-MTM kunepheya lamabhulokhi okubamba ahlinzeka ngokugoqa nokudonsa ikhebula, ngaleyo ndlela adale ukudonsa.Wonke lawa mawintshi anezici zawo zokuklama.
Ama-spire winches ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngendlela yokudlulisa amandla esigubhu:
● Igiya;
● Isikelemu;
● I-Lever.
Idivayisi ye-mounting and traction mechanism
Amawintshi ezandla egiya kanye nezikelemu avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-drum winches.Ngokwesakhiwo, ama-winches anjalo alula.Isisekelo se-winch yegiya uhlaka lapho isigubhu esinentambo engaguquki eqinile kanye negiya elikhulu kwelinye lamaphethelo afakwe ku-axle.Ohlakeni kunesibambo esixhunywe egiyeni elincane, elihambisana negiya esigubhu.Futhi, indlela yokumisa i-ratchet ihlotshaniswa nesibambo noma isigubhu - isondo legiya kanye ne-spring-loaded pawl engakwazi ukukhiya umshini, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ikhulule.Uma isibambo sizungeza, isigubhu sibuye siphenduke, lapho intambo ilinyazwe khona - lokhu kudala amandla adonsayo abeka umthwalo ukuthi unyakaze.Uma kunesidingo, i-winch ikhiyiwe ngomshini we-ratchet, ovimbela isigubhu ukuthi singaguquki ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuphambene ngaphansi komthwalo.
I-winch ene-worm mechanism inomklamo ofanayo, kodwa kuwo i-pair of gears ithathelwa indawo yi-worm pair, isibungu esixhunywe kwisibambo sokushayela.I-winch enjalo ingakha umzamo omkhulu, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuyikhiqiza, ngakho-ke ayivamile kakhulu.
Amawintshi egiya nohlobo lwesikelemu avame ukuma - ifreyimu yawo igxilile ngokuqinile esisekelweni esingashintshi (odongeni, phansi, ohlakeni lwemoto noma enye imoto).
Amawintshi e-Lever anedivayisi elula.Zibuye zisekelwe ohlakeni, lapho isigubhu esinekhebula sitholakala ku-axis, komunye noma zombili iziphetho lapho amagiya alungisiwe.I-lever nayo ifakwe ku-axis yesigubhu, lapho i-pawl eyodwa noma ezimbili zihlotshaniswa khona - zona, kanye nesondo legiya (amasondo) wesigubhu, zakha indlela ye-ratchet.I-lever ingaba nobude obuhlukene, iqinile noma i-telescopic (ubude obuguquguqukayo).Eduze kwesigubhu, i-pawl eyodwa noma amabili ngaphezulu afakwe ohlakeni - wona, kanye namagiya, akha indlela yokumisa eqinisekisa ukuthi isigubhu sikhiya ngaphansi komthwalo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwefreyimu, i-hook noma i-anchor pin ihlotshiswe, ngosizo lapho i-winch igxiliwe entweni ehleliwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona inxeba lekhebula esigubhu futhi libe nokuxhumana okunzima nalo.
Iwintshi yentambo yelever eyenziwe ngesandla
Idivayisi yewintshi ye-lever manual ene-polyspast block
I-winch ye-lever nayo isebenza kalula: lapho i-lever ihamba ngendlela eyodwa, ama-pawls ahlala ngokumelene namagiya futhi aphendule isigubhu ngawo - lokhu kudala amandla adonselayo aqinisekisa ukunyakaza komthwalo.Lapho i-lever ihlehla, izidladla zishelela amazinyo esondo ngokukhululekile, zibuyela endaweni yazo yokuqala.Ngasikhathi sinye, isigubhu sivalwa ngama-pawls we-stop mechanism, ngakho-ke i-winch ibamba ngokuthembekile umthwalo ngaphansi komthwalo.
Ama-winches e-Lever ngokuvamile ayaphatheka (ehambayo), ukwenza umsebenzi wokuphakamisa nokuthutha, kufanele aqale agxilwe esisekelweni esinqunyiwe (ukhuni, itshe, isakhiwo esithile noma imoto emile), bese uqinisekisa umthwalo.
Amagiya, ama-worm kanye ne-lever winches ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ngokuya ngohlobo lwekhebula elisetshenziswa:
● Ikhebula - ifakwe ikhebula lensimbi elisontekile elinesiphambano esincane;
● Itheyiphu - ifakwe itheyiphu yendwangu eyenziwe inayiloni noma ezinye izinto zokwenziwa.
Izindlela zokufaka nezokuthutha zinomklamo ohlukile.Zisekelwe emzimbeni lapho kukhona amabhulokhi amabili okubamba, ngalinye linamaphedi amabili (izihlathi).Amabhulokhi axhunywe umshini wokubopha, okuwuhlelo lwama-rods namalever axhunywe engalweni yokushayela, i-lever ehlehlayo kanye neleva yokukhulula yendlela yezintambo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba we-winch kunehhuku noma iphini lehange, lapho idivayisi igxilwa entweni emile.
winch yentambo yesigubhu esenziwe ngesandla
Iwintshi yebhande lesigubhu lezandla
Umsebenzi we-MTM umi kanje.Ikhebula lixhunywe kuwo wonke umzimba we-winch, litholakala phakathi kwamabhulokhi okubamba, okuthi, lapho i-lever ihamba, isebenze ngokuhlukile.Lapho i-lever ihamba ohlangothini olulodwa, ibhulokhi elilodwa liboshiwe futhi lihlehliselwe emuva, ibhulokhi lesibili lihlanjululwa futhi liya phambili - ngenxa yalokho, intambo iyeluliwe futhi idonsa umthwalo.Lapho i-lever ibuyela emuva, amabhulokhi ashintsha izindima - ngenxa yalokho, ikhebula lihlala lilungiswa elinye lamabhulokhi futhi lidonswa ngewintshi.
Inzuzo ye-MTM ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngentambo yanoma ibuphi ubude, inqobo nje uma ine-cross-section efanelekile.
Amawintshi ezandla athuthukisa amandla angu-0.45 kuya ku-4 amathani, amawintshi ezigubhu afakwe izintambo noma amateyipu asuka ku-1.2 kuya ku-9 wamamitha ubude, i-MTM ingaba nezintambo ezifika kumamitha angu-20 noma ngaphezulu ubude.Ama-winches e-Lever, njengomthetho, aphinde afakwe i-polyspast yamandla - i-hook eyengeziwe ene-block ephindwe kabili amandla asetshenziswe kumthwalo.Inqwaba yama-winches yezandla zanamuhla ifakwe izingwegwe zensimbi ezinezingidi ezilayishwe entwasahlobo, ezingahlinzeki nje kuphela ukuqiniswa komthwalo, kodwa futhi zivimbela ukushelela kwenye ikhebula noma intambo lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi yokuphakamisa nokuthutha.
Indlela yokukhetha, ukufaka nokusebenzisa iwintshi yesandla
Lapho ukhetha i-winch, kuyadingeka ukucabangela izimo zokusebenza kwayo kanye nesisindo esiphezulu sezimpahla ezihanjiswayo.Ukuze isetshenziswe ezimotweni kanye nama-SUV, kwanele ukuba namawintshi anamandla okuthwala afinyelela kumathani amabili, ezimotweni ezisindayo - amathani amane.Amawintshi anamandla okuthwala amathani angu-0.45-1.2 angasetshenziswa ukuhambisa imithwalo emincane ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene, ezindaweni zokwakha noma izindawo zokudayisa.
Ezimotweni nalezo zimo lapho i-winch kufanele isuswe endaweni iye kwenye noma ikhethe indawo ekahle kakhulu yokubopha, kungcono ukusebenzisa amadivaysi e-lever eselula.Futhi uma kukhona indawo ekhethekile yokufaka i-winch, kufanele unikeze okuthandayo kudivayisi enegiya noma i-worm drive.Kulezo zimo lapho kudingekile ukusebenzisa izintambo ezinde kakhulu, kungcono ukuphendukela kusizo lwe-MTM.
Ukukhetha okuthakazelisayo kungaba ama-winches nge-polyspast: imithwalo encane ingathuthwa ngaphandle kwe-polyspast ngesivinini esikhulu, nemithwalo emikhulu ene-polyspast, kodwa ngesivinini esincishisiwe.Ungakwazi futhi ukuthenga izingwegwe ezengeziwe kanye nezintambo, okuzokuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Iwintshi yesigubhu esenziwe ngesandla nge-worm drive
Amawintshi ezandla kufanele asetshenziswe kucatshangelwa imiyalelo nezincomo ezijwayelekile zokulayisha nokuthulula nokuphakamisa kanye nemisebenzi yokuthutha.Uma usebenzisa ama-lever winches kanye ne-MTM, kufanele agxiliswe ngokuvikelekile ezintweni ezimile noma ezakhiweni.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwewintshi, abantu kufanele bagcine ibanga eliphephile ukusuka kukhebula nomthwalo ukuze bagweme ukulimala.Udinga futhi ukugwema ukulayisha ngokweqile iwintshi.
Ukukhethwa okulungile nokusebenza kwe-winch kuyisiqinisekiso sokusebenza kahle nokuphephile komsebenzi kunoma yiziphi izimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2023