A cikin kowane akwati, kamar yadda a kusan kowace na'urar inji mai jujjuya sassa, ana yin birgima a cikin adadin har zuwa guda 12 ko fiye.Karanta duk game da gearbox bearings, nau'in su, ƙira da halaye, kazalika da zaɓi na daidai da maye gurbin waɗannan sassa a cikin labarin.
Menene ma'aunin gearbox?
Gearbox bearing (gearbox bearing) - wani ɓangare na gearbox na kayan aikin mota;jujjuyawar ƙira ɗaya ko wani, yana aiki azaman tallafi don shafts da gears na akwatin gear.
Dangane da nau'in sa, ana iya amfani da adadin kayan aiki, hanyar watsa wutar lantarki tsakanin abubuwa da zane, daga 4 zuwa 12 ko fiye da nau'in nau'i na nau'i daban-daban a cikin akwatin gear.Bearings magance matsaloli da yawa:
● Yin ayyukan goyon baya ga duka ko kawai nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya (a mafi yawan lokuta - goyon baya biyu don duk shafts, a cikin wasu kwalaye mafi sauƙi ko maɗaukakiyar tsare-tsare - goyon baya ɗaya don shigarwar shigarwa, goyon baya uku don shinge na biyu, da dai sauransu). ;
● Yin aiki a matsayin goyon baya ga gears da aka ɗora a kan shinge na biyu (a cikin akwatunan gear tare da kayan aiki tare da kayan aiki na kyauta a kan shinge na biyu);
● Rage ƙarfin juzu'i a cikin shaft da goyan bayan gear (rage asarar juyi a cikin watsawa, rage dumama sassan sa).
Yin amfani da bearings yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen shigarwa na abubuwan motsa jiki na gearbox kuma yana rage girman juzu'i da ke tasowa tsakanin waɗannan sassa.Yanayi da halaye na bearings sun ƙayyade aikin akwatin gear, ikonsa na watsawa da canza kullun, kuma gabaɗaya yana tabbatar da ikon sarrafa abin hawa.Sabili da haka, dole ne a maye gurbin ɓangarorin da aka sawa da lahani, kuma don yin zaɓin da ya dace na waɗannan sassa, ya zama dole a fahimci ƙirar su, nau'ikan su da kuma amfani da su.
Nau'o'i, ƙira da halaye na gearbox bearings
A cikin mota, tarakta da sauran akwatunan kayan jigilar kayayyaki, ana amfani da daidaitattun abubuwan birgima na manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da yawa:
● Radial-jere guda ɗaya da ƙwallon ƙafa na kusurwa;
● Ƙwallon ƙafa na kusurwa biyu na lamba;
● Radial radial-jere ɗaya;
● Roller conical jere guda ɗaya;
● Roller allura jeri ɗaya da jeri biyu.
Kowane nau'in bearings yana da nasa halaye da kuma aiki a cikin akwatunan gear.
Kwallan radial-jere ɗaya.Mafi na kowa bearings da za a iya amfani da matsayin goyon baya ga duk gearbox shafts.Tsarin tsari, ya ƙunshi zobba guda biyu, a tsakanin su akwai jeri na ƙwallon ƙarfe a cikin mai raba.Wasu lokuta ana rufe kwallaye da zoben karfe ko filastik don hana asarar man shafawa.Irin wannan nau'in yana aiki mafi kyau akan akwatunan motoci da babura masu sauƙi, amma a wasu lokuta ana samun su akan wasu rassan akwatunan kaya.
Ƙwallon lamba na kusurwa-jere ɗaya.Wadannan bearings kullum suna tsinkayar nauyin radial da axial, galibi ana amfani da su azaman masu goyan bayan na farko da na biyu, waɗanda yayin aikin akwatin gear za a iya ɗaukar nauyin lodin da aka jagoranta tare da axis (saboda motsi na synchronizers da fifikon su. a cikin ruwa).A tsari, nau'in hulɗar angular yana kama da radial bearing, amma zoben sa suna da tsayawa wanda ke hana tsarin rushewa a ƙarƙashin nauyin axial.
Ƙwallon ƙafa na kusurwa biyu-jere.Abubuwan irin wannan nau'in sun fi tsayayya da manyan lodi, don haka yawanci ana amfani da su azaman goyon baya na baya ga na farko da kuma wani lokacin tsaka-tsaki.Ta hanyar zane, irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna kama da nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya, amma suna amfani da zobba masu fadi tare da tashoshi na waje don bukukuwa.
Nadi radial-jere ɗaya.Wadannan bearings na iya yin aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyin nauyi fiye da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, don haka ana amfani da su azaman goyon baya ga duk shafts a cikin akwatin gear na kayan aikin mota - motoci, tarakta, kayan aiki na musamman, kayan aikin gona, da dai sauransu. , amma suna amfani da rollers azaman abubuwa masu juyawa - gajerun silinda, tare da keji, sandwiched tsakanin zobba tare da saman ciki.
Nadi conical jere-ɗaya da jeri biyu.Nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) da kuma nauyin axial, yayin da suke da tsayayya ga babban lodi fiye da nau'in ƙwallon ƙafa.Irin waɗannan nau'ikan ana amfani da su sau da yawa a matsayin goyon baya na baya da na gaba na duk raƙuman ruwa, ana amfani da nau'i-nau'i mai nau'i-nau'i biyu a cikin goyon bayan baya na firamare da sakandare.Zane na wannan ɗaukar hoto yana amfani da na'urorin da aka ɗora, waɗanda aka sanya tsakanin zobba biyu tare da filaye na ciki.
Nadi allura jeri daya da biyu-jere.Abubuwan irin wannan nau'in, saboda ƙirar su, suna da ƙananan girma tare da babban juriya ga nauyin radial - ana samun wannan ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan diamita na rollers (allura) a matsayin jikin juyawa, kuma wani lokacin ma ta hanyar barin zobba da / ko cages.Yawanci, ana amfani da igiyoyin allura a matsayin kayan tallafi akan rafin na biyu, azaman tallafi na biyu (lokacin da yatsansa ya kasance a ƙarshen ramin shigarwa), ƙasa da yawa kamar yadda countershaft ke tallafawa.
Ƙwallon ƙafa
Ƙunƙarar abin nadi
Ƙunƙarar abin nadi
Allura mai ɗaukar layi biyu
Akwatunan gear na iya amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri ɗaya.Alal misali, a cikin KP Moskvich-2140 shigar kawai uku ball radial bearings - suna riƙe da firamare da sakandare shafts, da kuma tsakiyar shigar a cikin akwatin gidaje ba tare da mirgina bearings.A daya hannun, a cikin VAZ "Classic" shafts yawanci dogara ne a kan zurfin tsagi ball bearings, duk da haka, wani allura hali da ake amfani a gaban goyon bayan sakandare shaft, da kuma matsakaici shaft aka saka a nadi radial ( goyon bayan baya) da ƙwallo mai jere biyu (goyan bayan gaba).Kuma a cikin kwalaye masu jujjuyawa cikin yardar kaina akan rafin na biyu, ana kuma amfani da bearings ɗin allura gwargwadon adadin kayan aikin.A kowane hali, masu zanen kaya suna zaɓar waɗancan nau'ikan da ke samar da mafi kyawun hanyoyin aiki na shafts da gears na akwatin, dangane da nauyin nauyi da halayen aiki na sashin.
Ana kera duk nau'ikan KP daidai da ma'auni waɗanda ke ayyana girma da halaye na sassa, kuma wani lokacin fasahar samar da su da fasalulluka.Da farko dai, samarwa yana dogara ne akan ma'auni na GOST 520-2011 wanda aka saba da shi don mirgina bearings, kuma kowane nau'in ɗaukar nauyi ya dace da nasa ma'auni (misali, ƙirar ƙwallon radial na al'ada - GOST 8338-75, bearings allura - GOST 4657-82 , radial abin nadi bearings - GOST 8328-75, da dai sauransu).
Matsalolin zaɓi na daidai da maye gurbin akwatin gearbox
Maye gurbin gearbox bearings
A matsayinka na mai mulki, ayyukan kulawa na yau da kullum ba su haɗa da maye gurbin gearbox bearings - ana yin wannan kamar yadda ake bukata a yayin da lalacewa ko lalata sassa.Ana iya nuna buƙatar yin irin waɗannan gyare-gyare ta hanyar hayaniya mai ban sha'awa har ma da bugun daga akwatin gear, kunnawa da kashe kayan aiki ba tare da bata lokaci ba, kama aiki da ba daidai ba ko matsewa da kuma, gabaɗaya, lalacewar aikin watsawa.A duk waɗannan lokuta, ya zama dole don yin ganewar asali, kuma idan an gano rashin aiki, canza bearings.
Wadanda aka sanya nau'ikan wadancan nau'ikan da masu girma dabam da aka sanya a akwatin ta hanyar masana'anta ya kamata a ɗauka don sauyawa.Zaɓin madaidaicin ɗawainiya yana da kyau a yi shi a cikin kasidar sassa ko littattafan tunani na musamman, waɗanda ke nuna lambobin kasida da nau'ikan duk bearings na wannan akwati na musamman, da kuma analogues masu karɓa na sassa.Kuna iya siyan bearings daban, amma a wasu lokuta - alal misali, don babban gyaran akwati - yana da ma'ana don siyan cikakkun sassan sassa don takamaiman samfurin naúrar.
Maye gurbin bearings a mafi yawan lokuta yana buƙatar tarwatsawa kuma kusan cikar rarrabuwar akwatin gear (banda shi ne maye gurbin shaft bearings a cikin wasu akwatunan gear, wanda naúrar kawai ke buƙatar tarwatse daga motar, amma ba ya buƙatar tarwatsewa. ).Wannan aikin yana da rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar yin amfani da kayan aiki na musamman (masu jawowa), don haka yana da kyau a amince da shi ga kwararru.Idan an yi gyaran akwatin daidai kuma daidai da umarnin, to, naúrar za ta daina haifar da matsaloli, ƙara haɓakawa da kwanciyar hankali na mota.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-26-2023