Ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini kungenzeka kuphela uma i-crankshaft yayo ingenayo i-axial displacement ebalulekile - ukuhlehla.Isikhundla esizinzile se-shaft sinikezwa izingxenye ezikhethekile - i-thrust half-rings.Funda mayelana ne-crankshaft half-rings, izinhlobo zazo, ukuklama, ukukhetha nokushintshwa kulesi sihloko.
Iyini indandatho yokusekela i-crankshaft?
Inzwa yokucindezela uwoyela iyisici esibucayi se-instrumentation kanye namadivayisi we-alamu wohlelo lokuthambisa lwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezibuyiselayo;Inzwa yokulinganisa ingcindezi ohlelweni lokuthambisa nokubonisa ukwehla kwayo ngaphansi kwezinga elibalulekile.
I-Crankshaft thrust half-rings (isekela ama-half-rings, amawasha e-crankshaft, i-crankshaft thrust ephethe ama-half-rings) ama-bearings akhethekile angenalutho ngendlela yama-half-rings asungula i-axial displacement (backlash, clearance) ye-crankshaft yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. injini.
Ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, inkinga yokungqubuzana inzima, ikakhulukazi efanelekile ku-crankshaft - enjini evamile engama-cylinder amane, i-shaft inamaphuzu okubhekisela okungenani amahlanu (amajenali amakhulu) anendawo yokuxhumana enkulu kakhulu.Amandla amakhulu okungqubuzana angenzeka lapho imihlathi ye-shaft ihlangana nezisekelo.Ukuze ugweme lesi simo, amajenali amakhulu we-crankshaft enziwa abe banzi kunezisekelo zawo.Kodwa-ke, isisombululo esinjalo sibangela ukudlala kwe-axial ye-crankshaft, okungamukeleki neze - ukunyakaza kwe-axial ye-shaft kuholela ekugugeni okujulile kwezingxenye ze-crank mechanism futhi kungabangela ukuphuka kwabo.
Ukuqeda i-backlash ye-crankshaft, i-thrust bear ifakwe kwesinye sezisekelo zayo.Leli bhodi lihluka ku-liner evamile ngokuba khona kwe-lateral thrust surface ngesimo sekholomu, izindandatho ezikhishwayo noma izindandatho ezinguhhafu.Ezihlathini ze-crankshaft endaweni yokufakwa kwalokhu kuthwala, izindawo zokuphonswa ze-annular zenziwe - zithintana namasongo ayingxenye.Namuhla, zonke izinjini ze-piston zifakwe ama-thrust bearings, kuyilapho zonke izingxenye zinesakhiwo esifanayo nesimiso sokusebenza.
Izinhlobo kanye nomklamo we-crankshaft usekela ama-half-rings
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezingxenye zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudlala kwe-crankshaft:
• Phonsa ama-half-rings;
• Amawasha.
Amawasha amaringi anocezu olulodwa afakwe ekusekelweni kwejenali eyinhloko yangemuva ye-crankshaft.Ama-half-rings ama-half of rings abekwe phezu kokusekelwa ngemuva noma elinye lamajenali amakhulu aphakathi nendawo ye-crankshaft.Namuhla, izindandatho ezinguhhafu zisetshenziswa kakhulu, njengoba zihlinzeka ngokulingana okungcono kakhulu kwe-crankshaft futhi ziguga ngokulinganayo, futhi zilungele ukufakwa / ukudilizwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-washers angafakwa kuphela kumagazini oyinhloko wangemuva we-shaft, futhi izindandatho zesigamu zingafakwa kunoma iyiphi intamo.
Ngokwesakhiwo, ama-half-rings nama-washers alula kakhulu.Asekelwe phezu kwethusi eliqinile noma insimbi enesitembu esiyi-half-ring / ring, lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-anti-friction coating, enciphisa ukungqubuzana endaweni yokuphonswa emhlathini we-shaft.Kusendlalelo se-antifriction, ama-grooves amabili noma ngaphezulu aqondile (kwezinye izimo ama-radial) ayenziwa ukuze kuhambe uwoyela mahhala.Futhi, izimbobo nezikhonkwane zokulungisa zomumo ohlukahlukene zinganikezwa kwendandatho / indandatho yesigamu ukuvimbela ingxenye ukuthi ingajiki.
Ngokusho kwezinto zokwenziwa kwamasongo angama-half:
• Ithusi eliqinile;
• I-Steel-aluminium - i-aluminium alloy isetshenziswa njengesendlalelo se-antifriction;
• I-Metal-ceramic - i-bronze-graphite spraying isetshenziswa njenge-antifriction layer.
Ama-half-rings ethusi
Insimbi-aluminium uhhafu-rings
Metal-ceramic isigamu-rings
Namuhla, insimbi-aluminium kanye ne-ceramic-metal half-rings asetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile afakwa enjinini eyodwa ezinhlangothini ezihlukene zejenali yokusekela.
Amasongo anezinhlobo ezimbili zosayizi:
• Ngokwezibizo;
• Ukulungisa.
Izingxenye zobukhulu obujwayelekile zifakwa ezinjinini ezintsha nasezinjinini ezingagugeki kancane endaweni ye-crankshaft nokusekelwa.Izingxenye zosayizi wokulungisa zinobukhulu obuningi (imvamisa ngama-increments angu-+0.127 mm) futhi zikuvumela ukuthi unxephezele ukuguga kwezindawo zokuphonswa ze-crankshaft nokusekelwa.
I-crankshaft thrust bearing ingatholakala kumajenali ayo ahlukahlukene:
- Kwelinye lamajenali amaphakathi (ngezinjini ezine-cylinder - kweyesithathu);
- Entanyeni yangemuva (kusuka ohlangothini lwe-flywheel).
Kulokhu, izindandatho ezimbili noma ezine zesigamu zisetshenziswa.Endabeni yama-half-rings, afakwe emigodini yekhava eliphansi elithwala (ikhava yejoka).Endabeni yama-half-rings amane, afakwe emigodini yekhava ephansi kanye nokusekelwa okuphezulu.Kukhona nezinjini ezine-half-ring eyodwa noma iwasha eyodwa kuphela.
Ungakhetha kanjani futhi ubuyisele izindandatho ze-crankshaft?
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-half-rings, njenganoma yimaphi ama-bearings angenalutho, ayaguga, ngenxa yalokho i-axial play ye-crankshaft iyanda.I-backlash yokusebenza (igebe) ye-crankshaft ilele ku-0.06-0.26 mm, ubukhulu - njengomthetho, akufanele budlule 0.35-0.4 mm.Le parameter ikalwa kusetshenziswa inkomba ekhethekile efakwe ekugcineni kwe-crankshaft.Uma i-backlash idlula ubukhulu obuvunyelwe, ama-thrust half-rings kufanele ashintshwe.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-diaphragm (diaphragm) izinzwa zokucindezela kwamafutha
Inzwa yohlobo lokuxhumana.Idivayisi ineqembu loxhumana naye - othintana naye osusekayo otholakala kulwelwesi, kanye noxhumana naye ogxilile oxhunywe kumzimba wedivayisi.Isikhundla sabathintana nabo sikhethwe ngendlela yokuthi ekucindezelweni kwamafutha okuvamile ohlelweni othintana nabo bavulekile, futhi ngokucindezela okuphansi bavaliwe.I-threshold pressure isethwe yi-spring, kuya ohlotsheni nemodeli yenjini, ngakho-ke izinzwa zohlobo lokuxhumana azishintshi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Inzwa ye-rheostat.Idivayisi ine-rheostat yocingo engashintshi kanye nesilayidi esixhunywe kulwelwesi.Lapho ulwelwesi luchezuka endaweni evamile, isilayidi sizungeza i-axis ngesihlalo esinyakazayo futhi sishelela eduze kwe-rheostat - lokhu kuholela ekushintsheni kokumelana kwe-rheostat, eqashwe idivayisi yokulinganisa noma iyunithi ye-electronic.Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kokucindezela kwamafutha kubonakala ekushintsheni kokumelana kwenzwa, okusetshenziselwa izilinganiso.
Uma ukhetha ama-half-rings, kubalulekile ukucabangela i-nuance ebalulekile: hhayi kuphela ama-half-rings, kodwa futhi izindawo zokuphonswa kwe-crankshaft zingaphansi kokugqoka.Ngakho-ke, ezinjinini ezintsha, lapho imvume ye-crankshaft ikhula, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukushintsha ama-half-rings agugile kuphela - kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthenga izingxenye zobukhulu obujwayelekile.Futhi ezinjinini ezine-mileage ephezulu, ukugqokwa kwezindawo zokuphonswa kwe-crankshaft kuyaphawuleka - kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthenga izindandatho zosayizi wokulungisa.
Kudingekile ukukhetha ama-half-rings amasha wezinhlobo ezifanayo nezinombolo zekhathalogi njengezindala.Kubalulekile ukuthi bahambisane ngokugcwele nezilinganiso zokufaka, futhi babe ne-anti-friction coating efanele.Ikakhulukazi isimo sokugcina sibalulekile kumamotor lapho izindandatho eziyisigamu ezinemihlobiso ehlukene yokulwa nokushayisana ziqala ukufakwa.Ngokwesibonelo, ezinjinini eziningi ze-VAZ, i-semi-ring yangemuva i-ceramic-metal, futhi ingaphambili i-steel-aluminium, futhi ayikwazi ukushintshaniswa.
Ukushintshwa kwamasongo wesigamu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwemoto.Kwezinye izinjini, kuyadingeka ukususa i-pallet futhi ukhulule isembozo esingaphansi se-thrust bear, kwamanye ama-motor kuzodingeka wenze i-disassembly embi kakhulu.Lapho ufaka izindandatho ezintsha, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuma kwazo - i-antifriction coating (okuvame ukunikezwa kuyo ama-grooves) kufanele ifakwe ezihlathini ze-crankshaft.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokufakwa kwama-half-rings, ama-thrust bearings azoqinisekisa ukudlala okuvamile kwe-crankshaft nokusebenza okuthembekile kwayo yonke injini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-21-2023