Galimoto yamakono ndi makina opangidwa ndi magetsi okhala ndi zida zambiri zamagetsi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Kuwongolera kwa zida izi kumatengera zida zosavuta - ma elekitiromagineti relay.Werengani zonse za ma relay, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso kusankha kwawo kolondola ndikusintha m'malo mwake, m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi ma electromagnetic relay ndi chiyani?
Magalimoto a electromagnetic relay ndi gawo lamagetsi agalimoto;Chipangizo chowongolera ma electromechanical chomwe chimapereka kutseka ndi kutsegula kwa mabwalo amagetsi pamene chizindikiro chowongolera chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera paziwongolero pa dashboard kapena kuchokera ku masensa.
Aliyense galimoto yamakono okonzeka ndi otukuka dongosolo magetsi, zomwe zikuphatikizapo ambiri, kapena mazana madera ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana - nyali, Motors magetsi, masensa, zipangizo zamagetsi, etc. Mabwalo ambiri pamanja kulamulidwa ndi dalaivala, koma kusintha kwa izi. mabwalo samachitidwa mwachindunji kuchokera pa dashboard, koma patali pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandizira - ma elekitiromagineti relay.
Electromagnetic relays amagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Perekani ulamuliro wakutali wa mabwalo amagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosafunikira kukokera mawaya akuluakulu mwachindunji ku dashboard ya galimoto;
● Magawo amagetsi olekanitsa ndi magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, kukonza chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa magetsi a galimoto;
● Kuchepetsa kutalika kwa mawaya amagetsi oyendera magetsi;
● Thandizani kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
● Mitundu ina ya ma relay imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusokonezedwa kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika posintha ma circuit magetsi.
Kupatsirana ndi mbali zofunika za galimoto dongosolo magetsi, olakwika ntchito mbali zimenezi kapena kulephera kwawo kumabweretsa imfa ya ntchito ya munthu zipangizo zamagetsi kapena magulu athunthu zida zamagetsi, kuphatikizapo zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya galimoto.Chifukwa chake, ma relay olakwika amayenera kusinthidwa ndi atsopano posachedwa, koma musanapite ku sitolo kwa magawo awa, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Kupatsirana kwamagalimoto
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma electromagnetic relay
Ma relay onse amagalimoto, mosasamala za mtundu wake komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana.Relay ili ndi magawo atatu: ma elekitiromaginito, zida zosunthika ndi gulu lolumikizana.Electromagnetic ndi mapindikidwe a waya wamkuwa wa enameled wagawo laling'ono, lokwera pachimake chachitsulo (maginito pachimake).Chombo chosunthika nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ngati mbale yathyathyathya kapena gawo lokhala ngati L, lokhazikika kumapeto kwa maginito amagetsi.Nangula amakhazikika pagulu lolumikizana lomwe limapangidwa ngati mbale zotanuka zokhala ndi mkuwa wonyezimira kapena malo ena olumikizirana.Kapangidwe kameneka kali pamunsi, m'munsi mwake momwe muli mipeni yokhazikika, yotsekedwa ndi pulasitiki kapena chitsulo.
kupangaMfundo yogwira ntchito ya 4 ndi 5 pin relays
Njira yolumikizirana ndi mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito relay imachokera pa mfundo zosavuta.Relay imagawidwa m'mabwalo awiri - kuwongolera ndi mphamvu.Dongosolo lowongolera limaphatikizapo mafunde amagetsi, amalumikizidwa ndi gwero lamagetsi (batri, jenereta) ndi gulu lowongolera lomwe lili pa dashboard (batani, switch), kapena sensor yokhala ndi gulu lolumikizana.Dongosolo lamagetsi limaphatikizapo cholumikizira chimodzi kapena zingapo zolumikizirana, zimalumikizidwa ndi magetsi ndi chipangizo chowongolera / dera.Relay imagwira ntchito motere.Chiwongolerocho chikazimitsidwa, dera lozungulira la electromagnet limatsegulidwa ndipo panopa silikuyenda mmenemo, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imatulutsidwa pachimake ndi kasupe, zolumikizira zimatsegulidwa.Mukasindikiza batani kapena kusinthana, pompopompo imayenda mozungulira maginito a electromagnet, mphamvu ya maginito imawuka mozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidazo zikopeke pachimake.The armature amakhala pa kukhudzana ndi kusuntha iwo, kuonetsetsa kutsekedwa kwa madera (kapena, m'malo mwake, kutsegula pa nkhani ya kukhudzana kawirikawiri chatsekedwa) - chipangizo kapena dera chikugwirizana ndi mphamvu gwero ndi kuyamba kuchita ntchito zake.Pamene mafunde a electromagnet akuchotsedwa mphamvu, zidazo zimabwerera kumalo ake oyambirira pansi pa zochitika za kasupe, kuzimitsa chipangizo / dera.
Electromagnetic relays amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo kutengera kuchuluka kwa omwe amalumikizana nawo, mtundu wolumikizirana, njira yoyika komanso mawonekedwe amagetsi.
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa omwe amalumikizana nawo, ma relay onse amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
● Pini zinayi;
● Pini zisanu.
Pakulandilana kwamtundu woyamba pali mipeni 4 yokha, mumtundu wachiwiri mulinso olumikizana nawo 5.Pazolumikizana zonse, zolumikizana zimakonzedwa mwanjira inayake, zomwe zimachotsa kuyika kolakwika kwa chipangizochi mu chipika chokwerera.Kusiyana pakati pa 4-pin ndi 5-pin relays ndi momwe mabwalo amasinthidwira.
4-pin relay ndi chipangizo chophweka chomwe chimapereka kusintha kwa dera limodzi lokha.Olumikizana nawo ali ndi cholinga chotsatira:
● Othandizira awiri a dera lolamulira - ndi chithandizo chawo, kutsekemera kwa electromagnet kumalumikizidwa;
● Magulu awiri a magetsi osinthidwa - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa dera kapena chipangizo ku magetsi.Othandizirawa amatha kukhala m'magawo awiri - "On" (pano akuyenda mozungulira) ndi "Off" (pano sikuyenda mozungulira).
Relay ya 5-pin ndi chipangizo chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimatha kusintha mabwalo awiri nthawi imodzi.Pali mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu wa relay:
● Ndi kusintha kwa madera awiri okha;
● Ndi kusintha kofanana kwa mabwalo awiri.
Pazida zamtundu woyamba, zolumikizira zimakhala ndi cholinga chotsatira:
● Zolumikizana ziwiri za dera lolamulira - monga momwe zinalili kale, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafunde a electromagnet;
● Kulumikizana katatu kwa dera losinthidwa.Pano, pini imodzi imagawidwa, ndipo zina ziwiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maulendo oyendetsedwa.Pakutumizirana kotere, olumikizana ali m'magawo awiri - imodzi imatsekedwa (NC), yachiwiri imakhala yotseguka (HP).Pakugwira ntchito kwa relay, kusinthana pakati pa mabwalo awiri kumachitika.
Mapini anayi opatsirana magalimoto
Pazida zamtundu wachiwiri, onse omwe amalumikizana nawo amakhala mu HP, kotero kuti mayendedwe akayambika, mabwalo onse osinthidwa amayatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Ma relay atha kukhala ndi chinthu chowonjezera - chosokoneza-kupondereza (chozimitsa) kapena semiconductor diode yoyikidwa yofananira ndi mafunde a electromagnet.Resistator/diode iyi imachepetsa kudzidzimutsa kwa maginito a electromagnet mukamayika ndikuchotsa magetsi kuchokera pamenepo, zomwe zimachepetsa kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma.Ma relay oterowo sagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono posinthira mabwalo ena amagetsi amagalimoto, koma nthawi zambiri amatha kusinthidwa ndi ma relay wamba popanda zotsatira zoyipa.
Mitundu yonse ya ma relay imatha kukhazikitsidwa m'njira ziwiri:
● Kuyika kokha mu chipika chotsutsa - chipangizocho chimagwiridwa ndi mphamvu zotsutsana za ogwirizanitsa muzitsulo za pad;
● Kuyika mu kauntala ndi fixation ndi bulaketi - pulasitiki kapena zitsulo bulaketi kwa screw amapangidwa pa relay nyumba.
Zipangizo zamtundu woyamba zimayikidwa m'mabokosi a relay ndi fuse, amatetezedwa kuti asagwe ndi chivundikiro kapena zingwe zapadera.Zipangizo zamtundu wachiwiri zimapangidwira kuyika mu chipinda cha injini kapena pamalo ena agalimoto kunja kwa unit, kudalirika kwa kukhazikitsa kumaperekedwa ndi bulaketi.
Ma electromagnetic relay amapezeka pamagetsi amagetsi a 12 ndi 24 V, mikhalidwe yawo yayikulu ndi:
● Actuation voltage (nthawi zambiri ma volts ochepa pansi pa magetsi);
● Kutulutsa mphamvu (nthawi zambiri 3 kapena kuposa volts zochepa kuposa mphamvu ya actuation);
● Pakalipano pakalipano muzitsulo zosinthidwa (zikhoza kuchoka ku mayunitsi mpaka makumi a amperes);
● Panopa mu dera lolamulira;
● Kukaniza kwamphamvu kwa maginito a electromagnet (nthawi zambiri osapitirira 100 ohms).
Relay ndi fuse box
Makhalidwe ena (magetsi operekera, nthawi zina mafunde) amagwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba yolumikizirana, kapena ndi gawo lazolemba zake.Komanso pankhaniyi pali chithunzi chojambula cha relay ndi cholinga cha ma terminals ake (nthawi zambiri, manambala a pini omwe amafanana ndi manambala molingana ndi chithunzi chamagetsi amagetsi ena amawonetsedwanso).Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kusankha ndikusintha ma electromagnetic relay m'galimoto.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha ma electromagnetic relay
Ma relay amagalimoto amakhala ndi katundu wambiri wamagetsi ndi makina, kotero amalephera nthawi ndi nthawi.Kuwonongeka kwa relay kumawonetsedwa ndi kulephera kwa zida zilizonse kapena mabwalo amagetsi amagalimoto.Kuti athetse vutolo, relay iyenera kuchotsedwa ndikufufuzidwa (osachepera ndi ohmmeter kapena probe), ndipo ngati kuwonongeka kwapezeka, m'malo mwake ndi yatsopano.
Relay yatsopanoyo iyenera kukhala yamtundu womwewo komanso chitsanzo chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kale.Chipangizocho chikuyenera kukhala choyenera malinga ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi (magetsi, ma actuation ndi kutulutsa voteji, pakali pano pamayendedwe osinthika) ndi kuchuluka kwa omwe amalumikizana nawo.Ngati panali chotsutsa kapena diode mu relay yakale, ndiye kuti ndizofunika kuti zikhalepo zatsopano.Kusinthana kwa relay kumachitika ndikungochotsa gawo lakale ndikuyika latsopano m'malo mwake;Ngati bulaketi yaperekedwa, ndiye kuti screw / bawuti imodzi iyenera kumasulidwa ndikumangidwa.Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kusinthidwa kwa relay, zida zamagetsi zagalimoto zimayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-14-2023