Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa choyambira kumaperekedwa ndi makina apadera - choyambira (chodziwika bwino chotchedwa "Bendix"), chomwe chimaphatikiza zowawa zochulukirapo, zida ndi foloko.Werengani za zomwe starter drive ili, ndi mitundu yanji, momwe idapangidwira ndikugwira ntchito m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi starter drive ndi chiyani?
The starter drive ndi makina oyambira injini yoyaka mkati, yomwe ndi ulalo pakati pa choyambira chamagetsi ndi injini ya flywheel.The actuator ili ndi ntchito ziwiri:
• Kulumikiza choyambira ku injini kusamutsa torque kuchokera pa injini yoyambira kupita ku crankshaft flywheel;
• Chitetezo cha choyambira kuti chisachuluke mutatha kuyambitsa injini.
Chitetezo cha drive drive ndichofunika kwambiri.Kuti muyambitse mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikofunikira kuti crankshaft yake izungulire pafupipafupi 60-200 rpm (pamafuta - pang'ono, injini za dizilo - zambiri) - chifukwa cha liwiro la angular lomwe choyambiracho chimapangidwira.Komabe, mutangoyamba, rpm imawonjezeka kufika 700-900 kapena kuposerapo, momwemo makokedwe amasintha mayendedwe, kuchokera ku flywheel kupita ku sitata.Kuthamanga kowonjezereka ndi koopsa kwa woyambitsa, kotero ngati injini yayamba bwino, flywheel yake iyenera kuchotsedwa pa sitata - iyi ndi ntchito yomwe galimotoyo imathetsa.
Mwachidziwitso, choyambira chimaphatikiza njira zitatu:
• Zida zoyendetsa flywheel;
• Overrunning clutch (kapena freewheel);
• Yendetsani lever kapena foloko yokhala ndi leash, manja kapena clutch ya actuator.
Njira iliyonse ili ndi ntchito zake.Choyendetsa cholumikizira cholumikizidwa ndi choyambira choyambira chimabweretsa kuyendetsa ku flywheel ya mota, kuwonetsetsa kuti giya imagwira ndi mphete.Makina oyendetsa amatumiza torque kuchokera koyambira kupita ku mphete ya flywheel.Ndipo clutch yowonjezereka imatsimikizira kutumiza kwa torque kuchokera ku rotor yoyambira kupita ku gear panthawi yomwe injini ikuyamba, ndikulekanitsa galimoto ndi flywheel pambuyo poyambira bwino injini.
N'zochititsa chidwi kudziwa kuti starter drive ankatchedwa "Bendix" - ndi chifukwa cha French kampani Bendix.M'mbuyomu, zida zamtundu uwu zidadziwika bwino m'dziko lathu, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi dzinalo lidakhala dzina lanyumba.Lero, woyendetsa galimoto aliyense, atamva mawu akuti "Bendix", akumvetsa kuti tikukamba za galimoto yoyambira.
Mitundu ya ma drive oyambira
Ma drive oyambira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano amagawidwa m'mitundu molingana ndi kapangidwe ka clutch yopitilira muyeso komanso njira yolumikizira chowongolera (foloko).
Lever imatha kulumikizidwa ndi actuator m'njira zitatu:
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana ndi chute ya annular - zotuluka pa nyanga za mphanda zili mu chute;
• Kugwiritsira ntchito leash yokhala ndi mizere iwiri yopangira ma protrusions pa nyanga za mphanda;
• Pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chokhala ndi zikhomo ziwiri (makona anayi, cylindrical), pomwe nyanga za mphanda zokhala ndi mabowo a mawonekedwe oyenerera zimayikidwa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma drive oyambira amatha kugulitsidwa onse ndi opanda lever.
Malinga ndi mapangidwe a clutch overrunning, ma drive oyambira amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:
• Ndi wodzigudubuza overrunning clutch;
• Ndi ma ratchet opitilira clutch.
Masiku ano, zolumikizira zodzigudubuza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, odalirika komanso osagwirizana ndi zoyipa zachilengedwe ndi chipinda cha injini (madzi, mafuta, dothi, kutentha kwambiri, etc.).Ma drive oyambira okhala ndi ratchet overrunning clutch nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pamagalimoto okhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.Kuphatikizika kwa ratchet kumatha kugwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wambiri ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kumakhala ndi zolemetsa zazing'ono ndi zizindikiro za kukula, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, zimapereka kusokoneza kwathunthu kwa torque.
Mapangidwe ndi mfundo yoyendetsera galimoto yoyambira yokhala ndi roller overrunning clutch
Maziko a mapangidwe a drive drive ndi freewheel roller clutch ndi drive (yakunja) khola, mu gawo lomwe lakulitsidwa lomwe mazenera amitundu yosiyanasiyana amajambulidwa kuti akhazikitse odzigudubuza ndi akasupe awo.M'kati mwa khola loyendetsa galimoto, khola loyendetsedwa limayikidwa, lophatikizidwa ndi zida zoyendetsa galimoto, zomwe, panthawi yoyambira, zimagwiritsa ntchito korona wa flywheel.Zodzigudubuza zimayikidwa mu danga pakati pa kunja kwa khola loyendetsedwa ndi khola loyendetsa galimoto, amasunthira mu gawo lopapatiza la mapanga mothandizidwa ndi akasupe (ndipo nthawi zina zowonjezera zowonjezera).Kutayika kwa odzigudubuza kumatetezedwa ndi makina otsekemera, ndipo dongosolo lonse limasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndi coupling casing.
Pa shank ya kopanira pagalimoto pali cholumikizira, leash kapena foloko cholumikizira mphete, imabzalidwa momasuka, ndipo imapumira motsutsana ndi gawo lokulitsa la kopanira kudzera mu kasupe wonyowa.Pofuna kuteteza clutch ya foloko kuti isasunthike pa shank ya kopanira, imayikidwa ndi mphete yosungira.Gawo lamkati la chojambula choyendetsa lili ndi ma splines omwe amalumikizana ndi ma splines pa shaft ya rotor ya poyambira kapena gearbox.Pogwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana kwa spline, torque yochokera ku shaft imatumizidwa ku khola loyendetsa galimoto ndikuyendetsa galimoto yonse.
Kuyendetsa ndi wodzigudubuza overrunning clutch ntchito motere.Kuyatsa kukayatsidwa, choyambira choyambira chimayambika, zida zake zimakoka foloko, zomwe, zimakankhira galimotoyo ku flywheel.Kuti giya yoyendetsa galimoto igwirizane ndi ntchentche, mano ake amakhala ndi ma bevel, komanso kasupe wonyezimira amathandizanso pano (amachepetsanso mphamvu yamakina, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mano ndi mbali zina).Panthawi imodzimodziyo, injini yoyambira imayamba, ndipo makokedwe ake amaperekedwa ku khola loyendetsa galimoto.Pansi pa akasupe, odzigudubuza mu khola amakhala mu gawo lopapatiza kwambiri la mapanga, chifukwa chake pali mphamvu zazikulu zotsutsana pakati pa makoma a cavities, odzigudubuza ndi kunja kwa khola loyendetsedwa.Mphamvu izi zimatsimikizira kusinthasintha kwa ma drive ndi tatifupi zoyendetsedwa, zonse - chifukwa chake, torque kuchokera koyambira imatumizidwa ku korona wa flywheel, ndipo crankshaft ya injini imazungulira.
Ndi kuyamba bwino kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, kuthamanga kwa angular kwa flywheel kumawonjezeka, ndipo makokedwe ake amayamba kupatsirana koyambira.Pamene liwiro lina la angular lifika, odzigudubuza amadutsa m'mabowo pansi pa mphamvu ya centrifugal, kudutsa mu gawo lokulitsa.Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kameneka, mphamvu zowonongeka pakati pa galimoto ndi zoyendetsa zimachepa, ndipo nthawi zina zigawozo zimalekanitsidwa - kutuluka kwa torque kumasokonekera, ndipo rotor yoyambira imasiya kuzungulira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, choyambiracho chimazimitsidwa, ndipo kuyendetsa pansi pa kasupe (komanso mano oblique pamtengo) amachotsedwa pa flywheel, kubwerera kumalo ake oyambirira.
Masiku ano, pali zosiyana zambiri pamapangidwe a clutch overrunning clutch, koma onse ali ndi mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito yomwe tafotokozayi.Galimoto yoyambira yokhala ndi clutch yodzigudubuza imadziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe ake - clutch ili ndi mawonekedwe a mphete yaing'ono m'lifupi pambali ya gear.
Mapangidwe ndi mfundo zoyendetsera galimoto yoyambira ndi ratchet overrunning clutch
Maziko a mapangidwe a ratchet freewheel clutch ndi awiri omwe amapangidwa ndi galimoto ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi theka-kuphatikizana, kumapeto kwake komwe mano a sawtooth amapangidwa.Kuphatikizika kwa theka lagalimoto kuli pamanja owongolera, kukhala ndi kulumikizana ndi ulusi wa tepi, ndipo mkati mwa manjawo muli mizere yowongoka yolumikizana ndi shaft yoyambira.Kumbali inayo, komanso pa tchire, koma popanda kugwirizana kolimba, pali cholumikizira theka choyendetsedwa, chopangidwa pamodzi ndi zida zoyendetsa.Mano a Sawtooth amapangidwanso kumapeto kwa clutch yoyendetsedwa, yomwe imatha kuchita ndi mano a theka lagalimoto yolumikizana.
Pansi pa ma halves ophatikizika pali njira yotsekera yomwe ili ndi mphete yokhala ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira cholumikizira theka lagalimoto, ndipo ma crackers okhala ndi pini yolumikizira ndi theka lolumikizidwa.Pamalo osagwira ntchito, mpheteyo imakanikiza zinyenyeswazi za mkate pamanja.Kuchokera pamwamba, ma halves ophatikizana amatsekedwa ndi thupi ngati galasi lotseguka, pambali yake yotseguka pali mphete yotsekera yomwe imalepheretsa theka loyendetsa kuti lisamachoke pamanja.
Kuyendetsa ndi ratchet overrunning clutch kumagwira ntchito motere.Pamene kuyatsa kumayatsidwa, monga momwe zinalili kale, galimotoyo imabweretsedwa ku flywheel, ndipo gear imagwira ndi korona.Pankhaniyi, mphamvu ya axial imachitika, chifukwa chomwe ma theka onse awiri amalumikizana - kuzungulira kuchokera koyambira kumaperekedwa ku zida ndi flywheel.Injini ikayamba, kuyenda kwa torque kumasintha njira, theka loyendetsedwa ndi clutch limayamba kuzungulira mwachangu kuposa lotsogola.Komabe, panthawi yosinthasintha, kuyanjana pakati pa mano a clutch sikungatheke - chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa bevels, mano amatsetsereka wina ndi mzake, ndipo kugwirizanitsa theka la galimoto kumapita kutali ndi komwe kumayendetsedwa.Nthawi yomweyo, mphete yokhala ndi conical groove yomwe imakankhira zinyenyeswazi zamakina otsekera imakankhidwira mmbuyo, ndipo zophulika zimakwera pamapiniwo mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu za centrifugal.Atafika pamwamba, ophwanyira amapanikizidwa ndi mpheteyo, kukonza magawo ophatikizana pamtunda wina ndi mzake - chifukwa chake, kutuluka kwa torque kumasokonekera.Choyambiracho chikazimitsidwa, theka loyendetsedwa ndi clutch limasiya kuzungulira, ma crackers amatsika, kuchotsa loko, ndipo galimotoyo imabwerera kumalo ake oyambirira.
Kuyendetsa koyambira kokhala ndi ratchet overrunning clutch kumazindikirika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe ake - kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe agalasi, mkati mwake momwe magawo olumikizirana amakhala.Njira zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a MAZ, Ural, KamAZ ndi ena.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2023