Kushanda kwakajairwa kwekutanga kunopihwa neyakakosha meshini - iyo yekutanga dhiraivha (inozivikanwa nezita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Bendix"), iyo inosanganisa inodarika clutch, giya uye dhiraivha forogo.Verenga nezve iyo yekutanga dhiraivha, imhando dzipi, kuti yakagadzirwa sei uye inoshanda sei mune ino chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi starter drive?
Iyo yekutanga dhiraivha ndiyo mashandiro einjini yekupisa yemukati yekutanga system, inova chinongedzo pakati pemagetsi ekutanga uye injini flywheel.The actuator ine mabasa maviri:
• Kubatanidza tangi kune injini kuendesa torque kubva kune inotangira injini kuenda kune crankshaft flywheel;
• Kudzivirirwa kwemutangi kubva pakuremerwa mushure mekutanga injini.
Basa rekudzivirira rekutanga dhiraivha rakakosha kukosha.Kuti utange iyo unit yemagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuti crankshaft yayo itenderere pane frequency ye60-200 rpm (ye peturu - shoma, yeinjini yedhiziri - yakawanda) - ndeye iyi angular velocity iyo yekutanga inogadzirwa.Nekudaro, mushure mekutanga, iyo rpm inowedzera kusvika 700-900 kana kupfuura, mune iyo kesi torque inoshandura mafambiro, ichiuya kubva kuflywheel kuenda kune inotangisa.Iyo yakawedzera kumhanya ine njodzi kune inotangisa, saka kana injini ikabudirira kutangwa, flywheel yayo inofanira kubviswa kubva kune yekutanga - iri ndiro basa rinogadziriswa nedhiraivha.
Zvimiro, iyo yekutanga drive inosanganisa nzira nhatu:
• Flywheel drive gear;
• Overrunning clutch (kana freewheel);
• Dhiraivha lever kana forogo ine leash, sleeve kana actuator clutch.
Imwe neimwe yemaitiro ine mabasa ayo.Iyo drive lever yakabatana kune yekutanga traction relay inounza dhiraivha kune flywheel yemota, kuve nechokwadi chekuti giya rinobatana nemhete.Iyo giya yekutyaira inotamisa torque kubva kune inotangisa kuenda kune flywheel mhete.Uye iyo overrunning clutch inovimbisa kutapurirana kwe torque kubva kune yekutanga rotor kuenda kune giya panguva iyo injini inotanga, uye inoparadzanisa dhiraivha uye flywheel mushure mekubudirira kweinjini kutanga.
Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti dhiraivha yekutanga yainzi "Bendix" - izvi zvinokonzerwa nekambani yeFrance Bendix.Munguva yakapfuura, zvikamu zvechigadzirwa ichi zvakawana mukurumbira munyika yedu, uye nekufamba kwenguva zita racho rakava zita remhuri.Nhasi, mutyairi wose anzwa shoko rokuti "Bendix" anonzwisisa kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro pekutanga kutyaira.
Mhando dzekutanga madhiraivha
Madhiraivha ekutanga anoshandiswa nhasi akakamurwa kuita mhando zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kweiyo overrunning clutch uye nzira yekubatanidza drive lever (fork).
Iyo lever inogona kubatanidzwa kune actuator munzira nhatu:
• Kushandisa kubatanidza ne annular chute - mapuroteni panyanga dzeforogo ari muchute;
• Kushandisa tambo ine grooves miviri yezviputi panyanga dzeforogo;
• Kushandisa tambo ine pini mbiri (rectangular, cylindrical), iyo iyo nyanga dzeforogo dzine maburi echimiro chakakodzera dzinoiswa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, madhiraivha ekutanga anogona kutengeswa ese ane uye asina lever.
Zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kweiyo overrunning clutch, madhiraivha ekutanga akakamurwa kuita mapoka makuru maviri:
• Ne roller overrunning clutch;
• Neratchet overrunning clutch.
Nhasi, kusungirirwa kwema roller kunonyanya kushandiswa, ayo ane dhizaini iri nyore, kuvimbika uye kupikisa kwakanyanya kune zvakaipa zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza uye injini compartment (mvura, mafuta, tsvina, tembiricha yakanyanyisa, nezvimwewo).Madhiraivha ane ratchet overrunning clutch anowanzo kuisirwa pamarori ane masimba ane simba mayuniti.Ratchet couplings inogona kushanda pasi pemitoro yakakwira uye panguva imwechete ine huremu hudiki uye saizi zviratidzo, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, ivo vanopa kukanganiswa kwakazara kwe torque.
Dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo starter drive ine roller overrunning clutch
Nheyo yekugadzirwa kweiyo starter drive ine freewheel roller clutch ndiyo dhiraivha (yekunze) cage, mune yakawedzera chikamu icho cavities of variable cross-section akavezwa kuti agadzirwe rollers uye kumanikidza kwavo zvitubu.Mukati megeji yekutyaira, cage inofambiswa inoiswa, yakabatanidzwa negiya rekutyaira, iro, panguva yekushanda kwekutanga, inobata nekorona inobhururuka.Rollers akaiswa munzvimbo iri pakati pekunze kwecheji inotyairwa uye mhango yekageji yekutyaira, inofamba ichipinda muchikamu chakamanikana chegomba nerubatsiro rwezvitubu (uye dzimwe nguva mamwe plungers).Kurasika kwema rollers kunodzivirirwa nekuvhara washer, uye chimiro chose chinounganidzwa pamwe chete nekubatanidza casing.
Pane shank yedhiraivha clip pane yekubatanidza, leash kana forogo yekunamatira mhete, inodyarwa zvakasununguka, uye inozorora ichipokana nechikamu chakawedzerwa che clip kuburikidza nechitubu chinonyorova.Kudzivirira forogo clutch kubva pakutsvedza kubva pane shank ye clip, inogadziriswa nemhete yekuchengeta.Iyo yemukati chikamu chedhiraivha clip ine splines inobatana ne splines pane rotor shaft yeanotanga kana gearbox.Nenzira yekubatanidza spline, torque kubva kune shaft inotumirwa kune dhiraivha cage uye iyo yese yekutanga dhiraivha.
Iyo drive ine roller overrunning clutch inoshanda sezvinotevera.Kana moto wabatidzwa, chinotangisa traction relay chinotangwa, armature yayo inokweva forogo, iyo inosundidzira dhiraivha yakananga kuflywheel.Kuti giya rekutyaira ribatanidze flywheel, mazino ayo ane mabheji, uye chitubu chinonyorova chinobatsirawo pano (inoderedzawo simba remaitiro emagetsi, kudzivirira kukuvara kwemeno uye zvimwe zvikamu).Panguva imwecheteyo, mota yekutanga inotanga, uye torque kubva kune yayo shaft inoendeswa kune dhiraivha cage.Pasi pechiito chezvitubu, ma rollers ari mucheji anowanikwa munzvimbo yakamanikana yemakumbo, nekuda kwekuti kune masimba makuru ekurwisana pakati pemadziro evhavha, rollers uye nechekunze kwecheji inotungamirirwa.Aya masimba anovimbisa kutenderera kwedhiraivha uye zvimedu zvinotyairwa, zvakazara - semhedzisiro, torque kubva kune inotangisa inotumirwa kune flywheel korona, uye injini crankshaft inotenderera.
Nekutanga kunobudirira kwechikwata chemagetsi, iyo angular velocity yeflywheel inowedzera, uye torque kubva pairi inotanga kuendeswa kune inotanga.Kana imwe angular velocity yasvika, ma rollers anofamba nepakati pemakomba pasi pekuita kwe centrifugal forces, achipfuura muchikamu chakawedzerwa.Nekuda kwekufamba uku, masimba ekukakavadzana pakati pedhiraivha uye zvimedu zvinofambiswa zvinodzikira, uye pane imwe nguva zvikamu zvinopatsanurwa - kuyerera kwe torque kunokanganiswa, uye yekutanga rotor inomira kutenderera.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekutanga inodzimwa, uye dhiraivha iri pasi pechiito chechitubu (pamwe nemazino oblique pane shaft) inobviswa kubva kune flywheel, ichidzokera kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga.
Nhasi, kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwe-roller overrunning clutch, asi vose vane nheyo yekushanda yakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa.Iyo yekutanga dhiraivha ine roller clutch inonyatso kuoneka nekuonekwa kwayo - iyo clutch ine chimiro chemhete yediki upamhi parutivi rwegiya.
Dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo starter drive ine ratchet overrunning clutch
Nheyo yekugadzirwa kweiyo ratchet freewheel clutch iviri inoumbwa nedhiraivha uye inotungamirwa nehafu-yakabatana, pamagumo ayo mazino esawtooth anogadzirwa.Iyo yekufambisa hafu yekubatanidza inowanikwa pane inotungamira sleeve, iine chinongedzo kwairi kuburikidza netambo tepi, uye mukati meiyo sleeve mune yakatwasuka splines yekubatanidza neyekutanga shaft.Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakare pane bushing, asi chete pasina hukama hwakasimba, kune inofambiswa hafu yekubatanidza, yakagadzirwa pamwe chete negiya rekutyaira.Mazino e-sawtooth anogadzirwawo pamagumo e-clutch inotungamirirwa, iyo inogona kubatanidzwa nemazino ekufambisa hafu yekubatanidza.
Pasi pemahafu ekubatanidza pane inokiya nzira inosanganisira mhete ine conical groove yakabatana kune drive hafu yekubatanidza, uye crackers ane pini yekubatanidza neinofambiswa hafu yekubatanidza.Munzvimbo isiri yekushanda, mhete inotsikirira zvimedu zvechingwa kurwisana ne sleeve.Kubva kumusoro, hafu yekubatanidza yakavharwa nemuviri muchimiro chegirazi rakashama, padivi rayo rakazaruka pane chindori chekiyi chinodzivirira iyo inofambiswa yekubatanidza hafu kubva pakutsvedza kubva pane sleeve.
Iyo drive ine ratchet overrunning clutch inoshanda sezvinotevera.Kana kupisa kuchivhurwa, sezvakaitika kare, dhiraivha inounzwa kune flywheel, uye giya rinobata nekorona.Muchiitiko ichi, simba re axial rinoitika, nekuda kwekuti hafu yekubatanidza hafu inobatana - kutenderera kubva kunotanga kunopfuudzwa kune giya uye flywheel.Kana injini yatanga, torque inoyerera inoshandura nzira, iyo inofambiswa clutch hafu inotanga kutenderera nekukurumidza kupfuura inotungamira.Nekudaro, panguva yekutenderera kutenderera, kubatanidzwa pakati pemeno eclutch hakuchagoneke - nekuda kwekuvapo kwebevels, mazino anotsvedza pamusoro peumwe neumwe, uye drive hafu yekubatanidza inosimuka kubva kune inotyairwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, mhete ine conical groove inotsikirira zvimedu zvechingwa zvekuvhara nzira inosundirwa kumashure, uye makorokoza anosimuka pamwe nemapini pasi pekuita kwe centrifugal forces.Sezvo vasvika kumusoro, vanopwanya vanomanikidzwa kutarisana nemhete, vachigadzirisa hafu yekubatanidza kune imwe chinhambwe kubva kune mumwe nemumwe - semhedzisiro, kuyerera kwe torque kunokanganiswa.Mushure mekutangisa kwadzimwa, iyo inotyairwa clutch hafu inomira kutenderera, crackers inotsvedza pasi, ichibvisa kukiya, uye drive inodzokera kunzvimbo yayo yekutanga.
Iyo yekutanga dhiraivha ine ratchet overrunning clutch inonyatso kuoneka nekuonekwa kwayo - ine chimiro chegirazi, mukati mayo mayo ekubatanidza mahafu anowanikwa.Nzira dzakadaro dzava kushandiswa mumarori MAZ, Ural, KamAZ nevamwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-22-2023