Imikorere isanzwe yintangiriro itangwa nuburyo bwihariye - disiki yo gutangira (izwi cyane ku izina rya "Bendix"), ikomatanya ibintu birenze urugero, ibikoresho hamwe nicyuma cyo gutwara.Soma ibyerekeranye na disiki itangira, ubwoko bwayo, uko yateguwe kandi ikora muriki kiganiro.
Ikinyabiziga gitangira ni iki?
Ikinyabiziga gitangira ni uburyo bwa moteri yo gutwika imbere imbere, aribwo buryo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi na moteri ya moteri.Acuator ifite imirimo ibiri:
• Guhuza intangiriro kuri moteri kugirango yimure torque kuva moteri itangira kuri flake ya crankshaft;
• Kurinda intangiriro kurenza urugero nyuma yo gutangira moteri.
Igikorwa cyo gukingira disiki itangira ningirakamaro.Kugirango utangire amashanyarazi, birakenewe ko igikonjo cyacyo kizunguruka kuri frequence ya 60-200 rpm (kuri lisansi - nkeya, kuri moteri ya mazutu - byinshi) - ni kuri uyu muvuduko w'inguni niho yatangiriye.Ariko, nyuma yo gutangira, rpm iriyongera igera kuri 700-900 cyangwa irenga, muribwo itara rihindura icyerekezo, kiva mumashanyarazi kugera mugitangira.Umuvuduko wiyongereye ni mubi kubitangira, niba rero moteri yaratangiye neza, flawheel yayo igomba guhagarikwa kuva itangira - iyi niyo mikorere disiki ikemura.
Mu buryo bwubaka, disiki itangira ihuza uburyo butatu:
• Ibikoresho byo gutwara Flywheel;
• Kurenza urugero (cyangwa freewheel);
• Gutwara lever cyangwa agafuni ukoresheje ingofero, amaboko cyangwa imashini ikora.
Buri mikorere ifite imikorere yayo.Imashini itwara ibinyabiziga ihujwe no gutangira gukurura izana ibinyabiziga biguruka kuri moteri, byemeza ko ibikoresho bifatanya nimpeta.Ibikoresho byo gutwara ibinyabiziga bitanga torque kuva itangira kugeza impeta ya flawheel.Kandi clutch irenze urugero itanga ihererekanyabubasha rya torque kuva kuri rotor itangira kugeza kuri moteri mugihe moteri itangiye, ikanatandukanya ikinyabiziga na flawheel nyuma yo gutangira moteri neza.
Birashimishije kumenya ko disiki yatangiriye kwitwa "Bendix" - ibi biterwa na sosiyete yo mubufaransa Bendix.Mu bihe byashize, ibice by'ibicuruzwa byamamaye mu gihugu cyacu, kandi nyuma y'igihe izina ryabaye izina ry'urugo.Uyu munsi, buri mumotari, amaze kumva ijambo "Bendix", yumva ko tuvuga ibinyabiziga bitangira.
Ubwoko bwimashini itangira
Imashini itangira ikoreshwa uyumunsi igabanijwemo ubwoko ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera kirenze hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza ibinyabiziga (fork).
Lever irashobora guhuzwa na actuator muburyo butatu:
• Ukoresheje guhuza hamwe na chute ya buri mwaka - ibibyimba ku mahembe yikibanza biri muri chute;
• Gukoresha igishishwa hamwe na shobuja ebyiri kugirango zisohoke ku mahembe y'akabuto;
• Ukoresheje ingofero ifite ibipapuro bibiri (urukiramende, silindrike), ushyizwemo amahembe yikariso afite umwobo wuburyo bukwiye.
Mugihe kimwe, disiki zitangira zirashobora kugurishwa haba hamwe na lever.
Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera kirenze, drives itangira igabanyijemo amatsinda abiri manini:
• Hamwe na roller irenga;
• Hamwe na ratchet irenga.
Muri iki gihe, uruziga rukoreshwa cyane, rufite igishushanyo cyoroshye, kwiringirwa no kurwanya cyane ingaruka mbi z’ibidukikije hamwe na moteri (amazi, amavuta, umwanda, ubushyuhe bukabije, nibindi).Imashini itangira hamwe na ratchet irenze urugero ishyirwa mumamodoka afite amashanyarazi akomeye.Ihuriro rya Ratchet rirashobora gukora munsi yimitwaro myinshi kandi mugihe kimwe rifite uburemere buke nubunini, kandi cyane cyane, bitanga ihagarikwa ryuzuye rya torque.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya disiki itangira hamwe na roller irenga
Ishimikiro ryibishushanyo mbonera byimodoka itangirana na feri ya frewheel yubusa ni akazu ka drake (hanze), mugice cyagutse cyacyo cyarwo cyobo cyibice byambukiranya ibice byakozwe kugirango hashyirwemo ibizunguruka n'amasoko yabyo.Imbere mu kato ka drake, hashyizweho akazu kayobowe, gahujwe nibikoresho byo gutwara, iyo, mugihe cyo gutangira, bifatanya nikamba rya flawheel.Uruzitiro rushyizwe mumwanya uri hagati yubuso bwinyuma bwakazu kayobowe nu mwobo wigisimba, bimukira mubice bigufi byurwobo bifashishije amasoko (kandi rimwe na rimwe byongeweho).Gutakaza ibizunguruka birindwa no gukaraba, kandi imiterere yose ikusanyirizwa hamwe hamwe.
Kuri shanki ya clip ya drayike hariho impeta, impeta cyangwa impeta yomugereka, yatewe kubuntu, kandi ikaruhukira igice cyagutse cya clip ikoresheje isoko yuzuye.Kugirango wirinde agafuni kanyerera kanyerera kuri clip, gashyizweho nimpeta igumana.Igice cyimbere cya clip clip ifite ibice bifitanye isano na spines kuri rotor shaft ya starter cyangwa gearbox.Hifashishijwe umugozi uhuza, itara riva mu rufunzo ryoherezwa mu kato ka disiki hamwe na disiki yose itangira.
Ikinyabiziga hamwe na roller irenga clutch imikorere ikurikira.Iyo gutwika gukinguye, itangira ryikurura ryikurikiranya rirakururwa, armature yayo ikurura ikibanza, nacyo, gisunika ikinyabiziga kigana isazi.Kugirango ibikoresho byo gutwara bikurura flawheel, amenyo yayo afite ibishishwa, kandi isoko itonyanga nayo ifasha hano (igabanya kandi imbaraga zingaruka zuburyo, ikumira kwangirika kumenyo nibindi bice).Muri icyo gihe, moteri itangira iratangira, kandi itara riva mu rufunzo rwaryo ryoherezwa mu kato.Mubikorwa byamasoko, ibizunguruka mu kato biherereye mu gice kigufi cy’imyobo, bitewe n’uko hari imbaraga nini zo guterana amagambo hagati yinkuta z’imyobo, kuzunguruka no hejuru y’akazu kayobowe.Izi mbaraga zemeza kuzenguruka kwa disiki na clips ziyobowe, muri rusange - nkigisubizo, itara riva mugitangira ryanduzwa ikamba rya flawheel, hanyuma moteri ya moteri irazunguruka.
Hamwe nogutangira neza kwingufu zingufu, umuvuduko winguni ya flawheel uriyongera, kandi itara riva muri ryo ritangira koherezwa kubitangira.Iyo umuvuduko runaka w'inguni ugeze, umuzingo unyura mu mwobo munsi y'imbaraga za centrifugal, unyura mu gice cyagutse.Nkigisubizo cyuru rugendo, imbaraga zo guterana hagati ya disiki na clips zigenda zigabanuka, kandi mugihe kimwe ibice biratandukana - umuvuduko wumuriro urahagarara, kandi rotor itangira ihagarara kuzunguruka.Muri icyo gihe, intangiriro irazimya, kandi ikinyabiziga munsi yimikorere yisoko (kimwe n amenyo maremare ku rufunzo) kivanwa mumashanyarazi, gisubira mumwanya wambere.
Uyu munsi, hari byinshi bitandukanye mubishushanyo mbonera bya roller irenga, ariko byose bifite ihame ryibikorwa byasobanuwe haruguru.Ikinyabiziga gitangira gifite uruziga rushobora kumenyekana byoroshye nuburyo bugaragara - ihuriro rifite ishusho yimpeta yubugari buto kuruhande rwibikoresho.
Igishushanyo nihame ryimikorere ya disiki itangira hamwe na ratchet irenze
Ishingiro ryibishushanyo mbonera bya ratchet freewheel clutch ni couple ikozwe na drayike kandi ikayoborwa na kimwe cya kabiri, ku mpera zayo hakozwe amenyo yinyo.Igice cya kabiri cyo guhuza kiri kumurongo wuyobora, ufite aho uhurira ukoresheje umugozi wa kaseti, kandi imbere yikiganza harimo ibice bigororotse kugirango uhuze nigitangira.Kurundi ruhande, no kuri bushing, ariko gusa nta guhuza gukomeye, hariho gutwara igice kimwe, cyakozwe hamwe nibikoresho byo gutwara.Amenyo ya Sawtooth nayo akozwe kumpera yimashini itwara, ishobora guhuza namenyo yikinyabiziga igice kimwe.
Munsi yikigice cyo guhuza hariho uburyo bwo gufunga bugizwe nimpeta ifite igikonjo gifatanye na disiki igice cyo guhuza, hamwe na crackers zifite pin ihuza na kimwe cya kabiri.Mu mwanya udakora, impeta ikanda imigati hejuru yintoki.Uhereye hejuru, igice cyo gufunga gifunzwe numubiri muburyo bwikirahure gifunguye, kuruhande rwacyo hari impeta yo gufunga ibuza guhuza gutwara igice kimwe kunyerera.
Disiki hamwe na ratchet irenga clutch ikora kuburyo bukurikira.Iyo gutwika gukinguye, nkuko byari bimeze mbere, ikinyabiziga kizanwa kuri flawheel, kandi ibikoresho bifatanya nikamba.Muri iki kibazo, imbaraga za axial zibaho, bitewe nuko ibice byombi bifatanyijemo - kuzunguruka kuva mugitangira byoherezwa mubikoresho na flawheel.Iyo moteri itangiye, umuvuduko wa torque uhindura icyerekezo, icyuma gitwara igice gitangira kuzunguruka vuba kuruta icyerekezo.Ariko, mugihe cyo guhinduranya, guhuza hagati y amenyo yigitereko ntibikibishoboka - bitewe no kuba hari beveri, amenyo aranyerera hejuru, kandi igice cya kabiri cyo guhuza kiva kure yacyo.Muri icyo gihe, impeta ifite igikonjo gikanda kanda imigati yuburyo bwo gufunga irasubizwa inyuma, hanyuma igikoma kikazamuka hejuru yinini hifashishijwe imbaraga za centrifugal.Bimaze kugera hejuru, ibisunika bikanda ku mpeta, bikosora igice cyo guhuza intera iri hagati yacyo - nkigisubizo, umuvuduko wa torque urahagarara.Nyuma yo gutangira kuzimya, gutwara clutch igice gihagarika kuzunguruka, igikoma kiranyerera, gikuraho igifunga, hanyuma disiki isubira mumwanya wambere.
Ikinyabiziga gitangira hamwe na ratchet irenga clutch irashobora kumenyekana byoroshye nukuboneka kwayo - ifite ishusho yikirahure, imbere igice cyo guhuza giherereye.Ubu buryo bukoreshwa kuri kamyo MAZ, Ural, KamAZ nizindi zimwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-22-2023