Galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi ma braking system, ma actuators omwe ndi ma brake pads omwe amalumikizana ndi ng'oma ya brake kapena disc.Mbali yaikulu ya mapadi ndi friction linings.Werengani zonse za zigawozi, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ndi chisankho choyenera m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi mzere wa brake pad ndi chiyani?
Ma brake pad lining (friction lining) ndi gawo la ma actuators a mabuleki agalimoto, zomwe zimatsimikizira kupangidwa kwa ma braking torque chifukwa cha mphamvu zosemphana.
Chingwe chophwanyidwa ndi gawo lalikulu la brake pad, imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi ng'oma ya brake kapena disc pamene ikuyendetsa galimoto.Chifukwa cha kukangana komwe kumabwera chifukwa chokhudzana ndi ng'oma / diski, chiwombankhangacho chimatenga mphamvu ya kinetic yagalimoto, ndikuyisintha kukhala kutentha ndikupereka kuchepa kwa liwiro kapena kuyimitsa kwathunthu.Zingwe zomangira zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka ndi chitsulo choponyedwa ndi chitsulo (komwe ng'oma za brake ndi ma discs amapangidwira), ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kuvala ndikuletsa kuvala kwambiri kwa ng'oma / disc.
Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo ya ma brake pad linings, ndipo kuti musankhe bwino magawowa, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kagayidwe kawo ndi kapangidwe kawo.
Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka ma brake pad linings
Zingwe zomangira za ma brake pads zitha kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi cholinga, kapangidwe ndi kasinthidwe, komanso kapangidwe kake komwe amapangidwira.
Malingana ndi cholinga, mapepalawa amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
• Kwa mabuleki a ng'oma;
• Pakuti chimbale mabuleki.
Drum brake pads ndi mbale ya arcuate yokhala ndi radius yakunja yofanana ndi mtunda wamkati wa ng'oma.Pamene braking, linings amakhala molunjika pamwamba pa ng'oma, kuchepetsa liwiro la galimoto.Monga lamulo, ng'oma zowombana ndi ng'oma zimakhala ndi malo akuluakulu ogwira ntchito.Lililonse gudumu ananyema limagwirira okonzeka ndi linings awiri ali moyang'anana wina ndi mzake, amene amaonetsetsa ngakhale kugawa mphamvu.
Zomangira za ma diski ndi mbale zathyathyathya za crescent kapena mawonekedwe ena omwe amapereka malo olumikizana kwambiri ndi ma brake disc.Makina aliwonse a ma wheel brake amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala awiri, pomwe chimbalecho chimamangika panthawi ya braking.
Komanso, zomangira za brake pad zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi malo oyika:
• Kwa mabuleki amagudumu - kutsogolo, kumbuyo ndi konsekonse;
• Kumakina a mabuleki oimika magalimoto (okhala ndi ng'oma pa shaft ya propeller).
Mwamapangidwe, zomangira zomangira ndi mbale zopangidwa kuchokera ku nyimbo za polima zokhala ndi zovuta.Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizapo zigawo zosiyanasiyana - kupanga chimango, kudzaza, kutaya kutentha, zomangira ndi zina.Nthawi yomweyo, zida zonse zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
•Asibesitosi;
• Zopanda asibesitosi.
Maziko a zitsulo za asibesitosi ndi, monga momwe zimamvekera, ulusi wa asibesitosi (lero ndi chrysotile asbestosi yotetezeka), yomwe imakhala ngati chimango cha mbale chomwe chimakhala ndi zigawo zina zonse.Mapadi oterowo ndi ofewa, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mikangano yayikulu, amalepheretsa kuvala kopitilira muyeso kwa ng'oma / diski ndikuchepetsa phokoso.Muzinthu zopanda asibesitosi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polima kapena ulusi wamchere umakhala ndi gawo la kapangidwe kake, zophatikizika ngati izi zimatsata miyezo yachilengedwe, koma ndizokwera mtengo ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa kwambiri (zimakhala zolimba, nthawi zambiri zaphokoso, ndi zina zambiri). .).Chifukwa chake, masiku ano zomangira za asbestosi zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri.
Zida zosiyanasiyana za polymeric zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzaza popanga zokutira, ma polima, utomoni, mphira, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zoumba, zitsulo zachitsulo (zopangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena zitsulo zina zofewa) kuti zitheke kutentha bwino, ndi zigawo zina zitha kukhalapo pakuphatikizidwa. .Pafupifupi wopanga aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe ake ake (nthawi zina apadera), kotero kuti mapangidwe a friction linings amatha kusiyana kwambiri.
Zingwe zomangira amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje awiri akulu:
• Kuzizira kozizira;
• Kukanikiza kotentha.
Pachiyambi choyamba, zitsulo zimapangidwa kuchokera kusakaniza komalizidwa mu nkhungu zapadera popanda kutentha kwina.Komabe, opanga ambiri amagwiritsanso ntchito kutentha kwa mankhwala pambuyo poumba.Chachiwiri, kusakaniza kumapanikizidwa mu nkhungu zotentha (zamagetsi).Monga lamulo, ndi kukanikiza kozizira, zotsika mtengo, koma zokhazikika zokhazikika zimapezedwa, ndi kukanikiza kotentha, zopangidwa ndi zamtundu wapamwamba, komanso zodula.
Mosasamala kanthu za njira yopangira ndi kupanga, pambuyo popanga, zomangirazo zimapukutidwa ndikuyikidwa pazowonjezera zina.Ma friction linings amagulitsidwa m'makonzedwe osiyanasiyana:
• Zowonjezera popanda mabowo okwera ndi zomangira;
• Zophimba ndi mabowo obowola;
• Zophimba ndi mabowo ndi seti ya zomangira;
• Mabuleki athunthu - zomangira zomangika pamunsi.
Zingwe zomangira za ma brake pads opanda mabowo ndi mbali zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zitha kusinthidwa kukhala ma brake pads amagalimoto osiyanasiyana, omwe ali ndi miyeso yoyenera ndi radius.Kuphimba ndi mabowo ndi koyenera kwa zitsanzo zina zamagalimoto, ndizotheka kuziyika pa mapepala okhala ndi mabowo osiyanasiyana pokhapokha pobowola, kapena sizingatheke.Zowonjezera zodzaza ndi zomangira zimathandizira kuyika ndikuthandizira kutsimikizira zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Mabomba athunthu ndi mtundu wina wa zida zosinthira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mabuleki a disc, makina a ng'oma okhala ndi ziwiya zomatira pamapadi, kapena ng'oma zomwe zidawonongeka moyipa.Pamagalimoto, zida zoterezi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Zomangira zomangira zimayikidwa pamabowo okhala ndi ma rivets (olimba ndi opanda pake) kapena pagulu.Ma rivets amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuleki a ng'oma, guluu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama brake pads.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa rivets kumapereka mphamvu yosinthira zitsulo pamene zikutha.Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa ng'oma ya brake kapena disc, ma rivets amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zofewa - aluminium ndi ma alloys ake, mkuwa, mkuwa.
Zovala zamakina ndi zamagetsi zimatha kuyikidwa pazitsulo zamakono za brake pad.Sensa yamakina ndi mbale m'thupi lazitsulo, zomwe, pamene gawolo likutha, limayamba kugwedeza pa ng'oma kapena disc, kupanga phokoso la khalidwe.Sensa yamagetsi imabisikanso m'thupi lazitsulo, ikavala, dera limatsekedwa (kupyolera mu disk kapena drum) ndipo chizindikiro chofananira chimayatsa pa dashboard.
Kusankha kolondola, kusintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira za brake pad
Zingwe zomangira zimatha kuvala panthawi yogwira ntchito, makulidwe awo amachepa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kudalirika kwa mabuleki.Monga lamulo, mzere umodzi umagwiritsa ntchito makilomita 15-30,000, pambuyo pake uyenera kusinthidwa.Pazovuta zogwirira ntchito (kuchuluka kwa fumbi, kusuntha pamadzi ndi dothi, pogwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wambiri), m'malo mwa linings ayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zambiri.Zovala ziyenera kusinthidwa zikavala mpaka makulidwe ovomerezeka - nthawi zambiri amakhala osachepera 2-3 mm.
M'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zomangira zomwe zili ndi miyeso yoyenera galimoto inayake - m'lifupi, kutalika, ndi makulidwe (zonse zofunika zimawonetsedwa pamiyendo).Pokhapokha pamenepa, chiwombankhanga chidzakanikizidwa kwathunthu ndi ng'oma kapena disc ndipo mphamvu yokwanira yoboola idzapangidwa.Pakuyika pad pa block, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma rivets okha opangidwa ndi zitsulo zofewa, ndikwabwino kusankha zomangira mu kit.Ma rivets amayenera kukwiriridwa m'thupi lazitsulo kuti zisakhudze ng'oma, apo ayi ziwalozo zitha kung'ambika kwambiri ndipo zitha kulephera.
M'pofunika kusintha linings pa ananyema ziyangoyango mu akanema wathunthu, kapena, zikavuta, onse pa gudumu lomwelo - ndi njira yokhayo kuonetsetsa ntchito bwinobwino ananyema njira.M'pofunika kuchita m'malo motsatira malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto inayake, mwinamwake pali mwayi waukulu wa kuwonongeka kwa mabuleki.
Mukamayendetsa galimotoyo, muyenera kupewa kutenthedwa kwazitsulo, komanso kunyowetsa ndi kuipitsidwa - zonsezi zimachepetsa gwero lawo ndikuwonjezera mwayi wosweka.Poyendetsa m'madzi, zomangirazo ziyenera kuwumitsidwa (kuthamanga kangapo ndikusindikiza chopondapo), ndikutsika kwautali, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabuleki a injini, ndi zina zotero. idzagwira ntchito modalirika komanso motetezeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2023