Gushyira amasoko kumurongo wikinyabiziga bikorwa hifashishijwe inkunga yubatswe kubice byihariye - intoki.Urashobora kwiga ibyerekeye pin yamasoko, ubwoko bwabo buriho, igishushanyo nibintu biranga akazi muguhagarika, kimwe no guhitamo neza intoki no kubisimbuza, muriki kiganiro.
Igiti cy'isoko ni iki?
Isoko ya pin ni izina risanzwe ryibice muburyo bwinkoni hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyiriraho (urudodo, umugozi, cotter pin), rusohoka nkimigozi cyangwa ibifunga mugihe cyo guhagarika ibinyabiziga.
Guhagarika impeshyi, byavumbuwe mu kinyejana cya XVIII, biracyafite akamaro kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara abantu.Amasoko akora nkibintu byoroshye, ibyo, bitewe nimiterere yabyo, byoroha guhungabana no guhungabana mugihe utwaye imodoka hejuru yumuhanda.Byakoreshejwe cyane ni igice cya elliptique amasoko afite ingingo ebyiri zunganirwa kumurongo - ivugwa kandi iranyerera.Ingingo ya hinge itanga ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka amasoko ugereranije nurwego, kandi kunyerera bitanga impinduka muburebure bwimpeshyi mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu bibaho mugihe cyo gutsinda ubusumbane bwubuso bwumuhanda.Umurongo winkunga ifatanye, iherereye imbere yisoko, nikintu kidasanzwe - urutoki rwijisho ryamasoko (cyangwa urutoki rwimbere yimbere yimpera).Inyuma yinyuma yinyuma ikorwa cyane cyane kuri bolts nibindi bice, ariko rimwe na rimwe bakoresha intoki zubushakashatsi butandukanye.
Guhagarika amababi yamababi hamwe nintoki zirimo
Amapine yimvura nibice byingenzi byo guhagarikwa, guhora ukora munsi yumutwaro mwinshi (niyo imodoka itagenda), kubwibyo birashobora kwambara cyane kandi bigomba gusimburwa rimwe na rimwe.Ariko mbere yo kugura intoki nshya, ugomba kumva igishushanyo nibiranga ibi bice.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo nibiranga pin
Amapine yamasoko ashyirwa mubikorwa ukurikije imirimo ikorwa muguhagarika (kandi, ukurikije aho washyizwe), kandi ukurikije uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho.
Ukurikije intego (imikorere), intoki zigabanyijemo amatsinda atatu yingenzi:
Intoki z'ugutwi (impera y'imbere) y'isoko;
● Amapine yinyuma yinyuma;
Amapine atandukanye.
Hafi yimpanuka hafi ya zose zifite urutoki rwamatwi, nicyo kintu cyingenzi cyimbere cyimbere cyimbere cyimbere ninyuma.Uru rutoki rukora imirimo myinshi:
- Ibikorwa nka axis (kingpin) ya hinged fulcrum;
- Itanga imashini ihuza amasoko hamwe na bracket iri kumurongo;
- Itanga ihererekanyabubasha na torque kuva kumuziga kugeza kumurongo wikinyabiziga.
Gushyira pin yamasoko kumitobe
Amapine yinyuma yinyuma ntashobora kuboneka mumasoko yose yahagaritswe, akenshi iki gice gisimburwa na bolts cyangwa utwugarizo tutagira imigozi ifatanye.Izi ntoki zirashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi:
Intoki imwe imwe yashyizwe mumutwe winyuma yisoko (mubyukuri, mumurongo wigitereko);
Intoki ebyiri zegeranijwe mu gutwi.
Intoki imwe ikoreshwa cyane iherereye mumutwe winyuma, isoko iruhukira kurutoki (mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa binyuze mu gaseke kadasanzwe).Intoki ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane cyane, kandi mubisanzwe kumodoka zifite uburemere buke (urugero, kuri moderi zimwe za UAZ).Intoki ziteranijwe hamwe zibiri zifashishijwe amasahani abiri (umusaya), zikora impeta yo kumanika isoko: urutoki rwo hejuru rwi gutwi rushyirwa mumutwe hejuru yikariso, urutoki rwo hasi rushyirwa mumaso mumaso inyuma y'isoko.Uku gufunga kwemerera impera yinyuma yimpanuka kugenda itambitse kandi ihagaritse mugihe uruziga rugenda hejuru yumuhanda utaringaniye.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwo gushiraho pine zikoreshwa muguhuza isahani yamasahani kumaso (cyangwa isahani yisoko, kumpera yacyo ikazunguruka).Byombi pin na bolts birashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza hamwe na plastike na rubber zitandukanye.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho, intoki zamasoko zigabanyijemo ubwoko butatu:
1.Ku gukosora hamwe na bolts ya transvers ya diameter nto (jamming);
2.Ku gutunganya ibiti;
3.Koresheje cotter pin ikosora.
Mugihe cyambere, urutoki rwa silindrike rukoreshwa, hejuru yuruhande rwarwo hakozwe ibice bibiri bihinduranya.Utwugarizo dufite ibice bibiri bihinduranya bihuye na ruhago ya pin, byemeza ko byuzura.Hamwe nogushiraho, urutoki rufashwe neza mumutwe, ntiruzunguruka ruzengurutse umurongo kandi rurinzwe kugwa munsi yumutwaro wimitwaro no kunyeganyega.Urutoki rw'ubu bwoko rukoreshwa cyane mu makamyo, harimo amakamyo yo mu rugo ya KAMAZ.
Mugihe cya kabiri, urudodo rwaciwe kumpera yintoki, hejuru yimbuto imwe cyangwa ebyiri hamwe nogukaraba.Imbuto zisanzwe hamwe nimbuto zamakamba zirashobora gukoreshwa, zuzuye hamwe na cotter pin, zishyirwa mumwobo uhinduranya muri pin, kandi zirwanya neza ibinyomoro.
Mugihe cya gatatu, intoki zirakoreshwa, zikosorwa gusa hamwe na cotter pin, ikora nkigihagararo kugirango ibuze igice kugwa mumutwe.Byongeye kandi, igikarabiro gikoreshwa hamwe na cotter pin.
Intoki zubwoko bwa mbere nubwa kabiri zikoreshwa muburyo bwimbere bwamasoko, intoki zubwoko bwa gatatu zikoreshwa mugice cyinyuma cyamasoko.
Mu itsinda ryihariye, urashobora gukuramo intoki zikoreshwa mumatwi yimpeshyi.Mu itama rimwe, urutoki rurakanda, kubwibyo kwaguka hamwe nintambwe ndende ikorerwa munsi yumutwe wabo - urutoki hamwe nu kwaguka rushyirwa mu mwobo uri mu itama, kandi rushyizwemo cyane.Nkigisubizo, ihuriro ritandukanijwe ryarakozwe, tubikesha impeta irashobora gushirwaho byoroshye kandi igasenywa, kandi, nibiba ngombwa, igasenywa kugirango isimbuze urutoki rumwe.
Amapine yimbere yimbere ashyirwa mumutwe binyuze mumaboko akomeye cyangwa ahuriweho.Mu gikamyo, ibyuma bikomeye bikoreshwa cyane, aho usanga pin zishyirwaho kashe ebyiri zimpeta (cuffs).Mu modoka zoroheje, ibihuru bikomatanya bikoreshwa cyane, bigizwe na reberi ebyiri za reberi hamwe na cola ihujwe n’ibyuma byo hanze n’imbere - iki gishushanyo ni icyuma cya reberi (icyuma cyicecekeye), kigabanya urwego rusange rwo kunyeganyega no guhagarika urusaku.
Kubikorwa bisanzwe bya pin yinyuma yimbere (eyelet eyelet), igomba gusiga - kubwiyi ntego, umuyoboro wa L ukorwa mu ntoki (gucukura ku mpera no kuruhande), hamwe namavuta asanzwe bikwiye byashyizwe kumpera kumutwe.Binyuze muri peteroli, amavuta yinjizwa mumurongo wintoki, winjira mumaboko kandi, kubera umuvuduko nubushyuhe, bigabanywa mugihe cyose kiri hagati yikiganza na pin.Kugirango ugabanye neza amavuta (kimwe no gushiraho neza igice mumutwe), imirongo miremire na transvers ya shusho itandukanye irashobora gukorwa muri pin.
Isoko ya lug pin hamwe na bolts ebyiri
Isoko ya lug pin hamwe nutubuto
gukosora Pin yinyuma yinyuma yinyuma kuri cotter pin
Nigute ushobora gufata no gusimbuza pin
Mugihe cyimikorere yikinyabiziga, intoki zose zamasoko zikorerwa imitwaro ikomeye yubukanishi, hamwe ningaruka ziterwa nibidukikije bidukikije, ibyo bikabaviramo kwambara cyane, guhindura no kwangirika.Birakenewe kugenzura uko intoki zimeze hamwe nibihuru byazo kuri buri TO-1, mugihe cyigenzura ni ngombwa gusuzuma mu buryo bugaragara no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwambara intoki n’ibihuru, kandi, niba birenze ibyemewe, hindura ibi bice .
Gusa izo ntoki nibice byo guhuza byasabwe nuwakoze ibinyabiziga bigomba gufatwa kugirango bisimburwe.Gukoresha ubundi bwoko bwibice birashobora gutuma umuntu yambara imburagihe no guhagarika igihe, kandi kwikorera intoki nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi (cyane cyane niba icyiciro cyicyuma cyatoranijwe nabi).Birakenewe guhindura pin yamasoko ukurikije amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka.Mubisanzwe, iki gikorwa gikorwa kuburyo bukurikira:
1.Kumanika igice cyimodoka uhereye kuruhande rwisoko kugirango usanwe, fungura isoko;
2.Gabanya imiyoboro ikurura amasoko;
3.Kurekura pin - kuramo ibinyomoro, kurambura ibimera, gukuramo cotter cyangwa gukora ibindi bikorwa ukurikije ubwoko bwa pin attachment;
4. Kuraho urutoki - kurukuramo cyangwa kurukura mu ntoki ukoresheje igikoresho kidasanzwe;
5.Genzura amaboko kandi nibiba ngombwa uyikureho;
6.Kuramo ibice bishya, nyuma yo gusiga;
7.Regeranya.
Twabibutsa ko mubihe bimwe na bimwe bishoboka gukuramo urutoki gusa hifashishijwe imashini zidasanzwe - iki gikoresho kigomba kwitabwaho mbere.Imashini irashobora kugurwa cyangwa gukorwa mu bwigenge, nubwo ibicuruzwa byo muruganda bikora neza cyane.
Nyuma yo gusimbuza urutoki, birakenewe kuzuza amavuta muri yo ukoresheje amavuta akwiranye hanyuma ugakora iki gikorwa hamwe no kubungabunga neza.
Niba pin yamasoko yatoranijwe igasimburwa neza, ihagarikwa ryimodoka rizakora neza mubihe byose, ritanga kugenda neza kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-11-2023