Ukufakwa kwemithombo kwisakhelo sesithuthi kuqhutyelwa ngoncedo lweenkxaso ezakhiwe kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo - iminwe.Unokufunda konke malunga nezikhonkwane zasentwasahlobo, iintlobo zazo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye neempawu zomsebenzi ekumisweni, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kweminwe kunye nokutshintshwa kwabo, kweli nqaku.
Yintoni ipini yasentwasahlobo?
I-Spring pin ligama eliqhelekileyo leenxalenye ngendlela yeentonga ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyuka (intambo, i-wedge, i-cotter pin), ephuma njenge-axles okanye i-fasteners kwi-spring suspensions yezithuthi.
Ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo, okwasungulwa ngekhulu le-XVIII, kusabalulekile kwaye kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwindlela yokuthutha.Imithombo isebenza njengezinto ezinwebekayo, ezithi, ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziluhlaza, zikhuphe izothuso kunye nezothuso xa uqhuba imoto phezu kwezigingqi zendlela.Eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu yimithombo ye-semi-elliptical eneengongoma ezimbini zokuxhasa kwisakhelo - echazwe kunye ne-sliding.I-hinge point inikezela ukukwazi ukujikeleza intwasahlobo ngokubhekiselele kwisakhelo, kwaye indawo yokuslayida inika utshintsho kubude bentwasahlobo ngexesha lokuguqulwa okwenzeka ngexesha lokunqoba ukungalingani kwendlela.I-axis ye-hinged support, ekhoyo phambi kwentwasahlobo, yinto ekhethekileyo - umnwe weliso lentwasahlobo (okanye umnwe wecala eliphambili lentwasahlobo).Izixhaso zangasemva ze-sliding spring zihlala zenziwe kwiibholiti kunye namanye amalungu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa iminwe yoyilo olwahlukeneyo.
Ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo yeqabunga kunye nendawo yeminwe kuyo
Izikhonkwane zasentwasahlobo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunqunyanyiswa, zihlala zisebenza phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu (nangona xa imoto ingashukumi), ngoko ke zixhomekeke ekugqokeni okukhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka zitshintshwe.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga iminwe emitsha, kufuneka uqonde ukuyila kunye neempawu zala malungu.
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye neempawu zezikhonkwane zasentwasahlobo
Izikhonkwane zemithombo zihlelwa ngokwemisebenzi eyenziwa ekumisweni (kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ngokwendawo yokufakela), kwaye ngokwendlela yokufakela.
Ngokwenjongo (imisebenzi), iminwe yahlulwe yangamaqela amathathu aphambili:
● Iminwe yendlebe (isiphelo sangaphambili) sentwasahlobo;
● Izikhonkwane zenkxaso yentwasahlobo yangasemva;
● Izikhonkwane ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuxhoma.
Phantse zonke intwasahlobo zinqunyanyiswe ngomnwe wendlebe, eyona nto iphambili kwi-fulcrum ehingiweyo yangaphambili nasemva kwemithombo.Lo mnwe wenza imisebenzi emininzi:
- Isebenza njenge-axis (kingpin) yefulcrum enehenjisi;
- Ibonelela ngoqhagamshelo lomatshini lwe-lug yasentwasahlobo kunye ne-bracket ebekwe kwisakhelo;
- Inika ukuhanjiswa kwemikhosi kunye neetorque ukusuka kwivili ukuya kwisakhelo sesithuthi.
Ukufakela i-spring pin kwi-nut
Izikhonkwane zenkxaso yangasemva azikwazi ukufunyanwa kuzo zonke ii-spring suspensions, ngokuphindaphindiweyo le nxalenye ithathelwe indawo ngeebholiti okanye izibiyeli ngaphandle kwe-fasteners ene-threaded.Le minwe inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili:
● Iminwe yodwa egxininiswe kwiibrakethi zangasemva zentwasahlobo (ngokuchanekileyo, kwiintambo ze-bracket);
● Iminwe emibini iqokelelwe kwicici.
Iminwe enye esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ifumaneka kwi-bracket yangasemva, intwasahlobo iphumle kulo mnwe (ngokuthe ngqo okanye nge-gasket ekhethekileyo eqinile).Iminwe emibini isetyenziswa kancinci rhoqo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimoto ezinobunzima obuncinci (umzekelo, kwezinye iimodeli ze-UAZ).Iminwe ihlanganiswe ngamabini ngoncedo lwamacwecwe amabini (izihlathi), yenza i-earring yokuxhoma entwasahlobo: umnwe ophezulu we-earring ufakwe kwi-bracket kwifreyimu, umnwe ophantsi ufakwe kwi-eyelet ngasemva. kwentwasahlobo.Oku kuqinisa kuvumela isiphelo esingasemva sentwasahlobo ukuba sihambe ngokuthe tye kwaye sithe nkqo xa ivili lihamba kwiindlela ezingalinganiyo.
Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zezikhonkwane zokukhwela zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iphakheji yeplate yasentwasahlobo kwi-eyelet (okanye i-spring plate, ekupheleni kwayo i-loop yenziwe).Zombini izikhonkwane kunye neebholiti zingasetyenziselwa ukudityaniswa ngokudityaniswa neeplastiki ezahlukeneyo kunye neerabha bushings.
Ngokwendlela yokufakela, iminwe yemithombo yohlulwe ibe ziindidi ezintathu:
1.Ngokulungiswa kunye neebholiti ezinqamlekileyo zobubanzi obuncinci (i-jamming);
2.Ngokulungiswa kwamandongomane;
3.Nge-cotter pin fixation.
Kwimeko yokuqala, kusetyenziswa umnwe we-cylindrical, kwindawo esecaleni apho ii-grooves ezimbini ezinqamlezayo ze-semicircular zenziwa.Isibiyeli sineebholiti ezimbini ezinqamlezileyo ezingena kwimingxunya yesikhonkwane, eqinisekisa ukuxinana kwayo.Ngolu fakelo, umnwe ugcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-bracket, ayijikelezi malunga ne-axis kwaye ikhuselwe ekuweni phantsi kweempembelelo zemithwalo yokuthuthumela kunye nokunyakaza.Iminwe yolu hlobo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiilori, kuquka iilori zasekhaya ze-KAMAZ.
Kwimeko yesibini, intambo inqunyulwa ekupheleni komnwe, apho i-nuts enye okanye ezimbini ezine-thrust washers zifakwe kuyo.Zombini amantongomane aqhelekileyo kunye namandongomane esithsaba angasetyenziswa, agcwaliswe ngepini yecotter, efakwe kumngxunya onqamlezayo kwiphini, kwaye ibala ngokuthembekileyo i-nut.
Kwimeko yesithathu, iminwe isetyenzisiweyo, igxininiswe kuphela ngepini ye-cotter, esebenza njengento yokumisa ukukhusela inxalenye ekuweni kwi-bracket.Ukongeza, i-thrust washer isetyenziswa kunye nephini yecotter.
Iminwe yodidi lokuqala kunye neyesibini isetyenziselwa izixhaso zangaphambili zemithombo, iminwe yodidi lwesithathu isetyenziswe kwiinkxaso zangasemva zemithombo.
Kwiqela elihlukeneyo, unokuthatha iminwe esetyenziswe kumacici entwasahlobo.Kwesinye isihlathi, iminwe icinezelwe, apho ukwandiswa ngenotshi ye-longitudinal kwenziwa phantsi kweentloko zabo - umnwe kunye nolu lwandiso lufakwe emngxunyeni esihlathini, kwaye luqiniswe ngokungqongqo kuwo.Ngenxa yoko, uxhulumaniso olunokuchithwa ludalwe, ngenxa yokuba i-earring inokunyuswa ngokulula kwaye ikhutshwe, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, idibaniswe ukuze ithathe indawo yomunwe omnye.
Izikhonkwane zenkxaso yangaphambili zifakwe kwiibrakethi ngokusebenzisa umkhono oqinileyo okanye odibeneyo.Kwiilori, i-bushings yensimbi eqinile idla ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo, apho izikhonkwane zifakwe ngetywina ezimbini zeerubha zeerubha (i-cuffs).Kwiimoto ezilula, i-bushings edibeneyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, equkethe i-rubber bushings ezimbini ezineekhola ezidityaniswe ngamatye ensimbi angaphandle nangaphakathi - olu yilo luyi-rubber-metal hinge (ibhloko ethuleyo), eyanciphisa inqanaba elipheleleyo lokungcangcazela kunye nomsindo wokumisa.
Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwepini yenkxaso yangaphambili (i-spring eyelet), kufuneka ifakwe i-lubricated - ngenxa yale njongo, umjelo owenziwe ngu-L wenziwa kwiminwe (ukugaya ekupheleni nasecaleni), kunye negrisi eqhelekileyo. ukufakwa kugxunyekwe ekupheleni kumsonto.Ngokusebenzisa i-oiler, igrisi ifakwe kumjelo womnwe, ongena kwi-sleeve kwaye, ngenxa yoxinzelelo kunye nokufudumeza, isasazwa kulo lonke isithuba phakathi komkhono kunye nepini.Ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo i-lubricant (kunye nokufakela ngokufanelekileyo inxalenye kwisibiyeli), i-longitudinal kunye ne-transverse grooves yeemilo ezahlukahlukeneyo inokwenziwa kwiphini.
I-pin ye-spring lug eneebholithi ezimbini
I-pin ye-spring lug ene-nut
ukulungiswa kwePini yenkxaso yentwasahlobo yangasemva kwiphini yecotter
Indlela yokuthatha kunye nokutshintsha i-spring pin
Ngethuba lokusebenza kwesithuthi, yonke iminwe yemithombo ixhomekeke kwimithwalo ebalulekileyo yemishini, kunye nemiphumo emibi yendalo engqongileyo, ekhokelela ekugqokeni kwabo okunzulu, ukuguqulwa kunye nokubola.Kuyimfuneko ukujonga imeko yeminwe kunye ne-bushings yabo kwi-TO-1 nganye, ngexesha lokuhlola kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya ngokubonakalayo kunye nesixhobo sokuvavanya ukunxiba kweminwe kunye ne-bushings, kwaye, ukuba kungaphezu kokuvunyelwa, tshintsha la macandelo. .
Kuphela loo minwe kunye neendawo zokukhwelana ezicetyiswa ngumenzi wesithuthi kufuneka zithathelwe indawo.Ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo zamacandelo kunokukhokelela ekugqokeni kwangaphambili kunye nokuchithwa kokumiswa, kwaye ukuveliswa kweminwe ngokwakho kunokuba nesiphumo esibi (ingakumbi ukuba ibakala lensimbi likhethwe ngokungalunganga).Kuyimfuneko ukuba utshintshe ipini yasentwasahlobo ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwesithuthi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi wenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1.Nxiba inxalenye yemoto ukusuka kwicala lomthombo oza kulungiswa, ukhulule umthombo;
2.Nxila i-absorber yokothuka entwasahlobo;
3.Khulula isikhonkwane - ukhulule i-nut, ukhulule iibholithi, susa i-cotter pin okanye wenze eminye imisebenzi ngokuhambelana nohlobo lwe-pin attachment;
4.Susa umnwe - uwubethe okanye uwukhuphe ngaphandle komkhono usebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo;
5.Hlola umkhono kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, uwususe;
6.Faka iindawo ezintsha, emva kokuthambisa;
7.Reverse dibanisa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwezinye iimeko kunokwenzeka ukususa umnwe kuphela ngoncedo lwabatsali abakhethekileyo - esi sixhobo kufuneka sithathelwe ingqalelo kwangaphambili.Umtsalani unokuthengwa okanye wenziwa ngokuzimeleyo, nangona iimveliso zefektri zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Emva kokutshintsha umnwe, kuyimfuneko ukuzalisa igrisi kuyo ngokufaka igrisi kwaye emva koko wenze lo msebenzi ngokugcinwa okufanelekileyo.
Ukuba i-pin yentwasahlobo ikhethiweyo kwaye ithathelwe indawo ngokuchanekileyo, ukumiswa kwemoto kuya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko, ukubonelela ngokukhululeka kunye nokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-11-2023