Amakamyo hafi ya yose yo murugo hamwe na bisi zikoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi, zigomba kuba zifite tanki yuburyo butandukanye.Soma ibyerekeye ingufu za pompe yamashanyarazi, ubwoko bwaribwo, imikorere nibishushanyo mbonera, kubungabunga no gusana mu ngingo.
Intego n'imikorere ya pompe yamashanyarazi
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960, amakamyo menshi yo mu ngo na bisi byashyizwemo ingufu (GUR) - iyi sisitemu yorohereje cyane imikorere yimashini ziremereye, igabanya umunaniro kandi yongera imikorere yakazi.Muri icyo gihe, hari uburyo bubiri bwo gushyiraho sisitemu yo kuyobora amashanyarazi - hamwe na tank itandukanye hamwe na tank iherereye kumazu ya pompe yamashanyarazi.Uyu munsi, amahitamo yombi arakoreshwa cyane, azaganirwaho hepfo.
Hatitawe ku bwoko no ku gishushanyo, ibimodoka byose bikoresha pompe bifite imirimo itanu y'ingenzi:
- Ububiko burahagije kubikorwa byingufu zamashanyarazi;
- Kwoza amazi akora mubikoresho byo kwambara byingufu ziyobora - iki gikorwa gikemurwa nubushakashatsi bwubatswe;
- Indishyi zo kwagura ubushyuhe bwamazi mugihe gikora cyimikorere ya power;
- Indishyi zoroheje ziva mumashanyarazi;
- Kurekura umuvuduko wiyongereye muri sisitemu mugihe akayunguruzo kafunzwe, sisitemu irahita cyangwa niba urwego runini rwa peteroli ruzamutse.
Muri rusange, ikigega cyemeza imikorere isanzwe ya pompe hamwe nimbaraga zose.Iki gice ntigifite gusa kubika amavuta akenewe gusa, ahubwo inemeza ko itagabanijwe kuri pompe, isuku, imikorere yimashanyarazi ndetse no gufunga cyane kuyungurura, nibindi.
Ubwoko n'imiterere y'ibigega
Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, kuri ubu, ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa pompe yamashanyarazi ikoreshwa cyane:
- Ibigega byashyizwe kumubiri wa pompe;
- Tandukanya tanki ihujwe na pompe na hose.
Ibigega byo mubwoko bwa mbere bifite ibikoresho bya KAMAZ (hamwe na moteri ya KAMAZ), ZIL (130, 131, urugero rwicyitegererezo "Bychok" nabandi), "Ural", KrAZ nabandi, hamwe na bisi LAZ, LiAZ, PAZ, NefAZ n'abandi.Muri izo modoka zose na bisi, hakoreshwa ubwoko bubiri bwa tanki:
- Oval - ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku makamyo ya KAMAZ, Urals, amakamyo ya KrAZ na bisi;
- Cylindrical - ikoreshwa cyane cyane kumodoka ZIL.
Mu buryo bwubaka, ubwoko bwibigega byombi burasa.Intandaro ya tank ni umubiri washyizweho kashe hamwe nu mwobo.Uhereye hejuru, ikigega gifunze umupfundikizo (unyuze mu gaseke), ushyizwe hamwe na sitidiyo yanyuze muri tank hamwe nintama yintama (ZIL) cyangwa bolt ndende (KAMAZ).Sitidiyo cyangwa bolt byinjijwe mumurongo kuri pompe ya pompe, iherereye munsi yikigega (unyuze mu gaseke).Manifold ubwayo ifashwe na bolts enye zinjijwe mumutwe kumubiri wa pompe, ibi byuma bikosora tank yose kuri pompe.Kugirango ushireho ikimenyetso, hariho gasike ifunga ikigega n'inzu ya pompe.
Imbere muri tank harimo akayunguruzo, gashizwe kumurongo wa pompe (mumamodoka ya KAMAZ) cyangwa kumurongo winjira (muri ZIL).Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwiyungurura:
- Mesh - ni urukurikirane rw'uruziga rwa mesh muyunguruzi rwateranijwe muri paki, muburyo bwo kuyungurura ihujwe na valve yumutekano nisoko yayo.Akayunguruzo gakoreshwa muguhindura hakiri kare imodoka;
- Impapuro - isanzwe ya silindrike muyunguruzi hamwe nimpapuro zungurura, zikoreshwa muguhindura imodoka.
Igipfukisho cya pompe gifite ijosi ryuzuza icyuma, umwobo wa sitidiyo cyangwa bolt, kimwe nu mwobo wo gushiraho valve yumutekano.Akayunguruzo ka mesh gashizwe munsi yijosi, gatanga isuku ryibanze ryamazi yingufu zasutswe muri tank.
Mu rukuta rw'ikigega, hafi yacyo hepfo, hari inlet ikwiranye, imbere muri tank irashobora guhuzwa na filteri cyangwa kuri pompe ya pompe.Binyuze muri ibi bikwiye, amazi akora ava mumashanyarazi ya hydraulic cyangwa rack mumashanyarazi, aho isukurwa ikagaburirwa igice gisohora pompe.
Ibigega bitandukanye bikoreshwa ku binyabiziga bya KAMAZ hamwe na Cummins, moteri ya MAZ, ndetse no kuri bisi zavuzwe haruguru zahinduwe cyane.Ibigega bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri:
- Ibyuma byashyizweho kashe ya kare na moderi nyinshi zigezweho zimodoka na bisi;
- Ibigega bya pulasitiki bigezweho byo guhindura imodoka na bisi.
Ibigega by'icyuma mubisanzwe bifite silindrike mu buryo, bishingiye ku mubiri ushyizweho kashe hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gufata no gusohora (umuyaga usanzwe uba ku ruhande, gufata - munsi), ugafunga umupfundikizo.Umupfundikizo ushyirwaho na sitidiyo n'imbuto zinyura mu kigega cyose, kugira ngo zifunge ikigega, umupfundikizo ushyirwa mu gaseke.Imbere mu kigega harimo akayunguruzo hamwe nimpapuro zungurura impapuro, akayunguruzo kanda ku cyerekezo gikwiranye nisoko (iyi miterere yose ikora valve yumutekano ituma amavuta yinjira muri tank mugihe akayunguruzo kafunze).Ku gipfundikizo hari ijosi ryuzuza hamwe nuwuzuza.Kuri moderi zimwe za tanks, ijosi rikozwe kurukuta.
Ibigega bya plastiki birashobora kuba silindrike cyangwa urukiramende, mubisanzwe ntibishobora gutandukana.Mu gice cyo hepfo yikigega, hashyizweho ibyuma kugirango uhuze ama shitingi ya sisitemu yo kuyobora ingufu, muburyo bumwe na bumwe bwa tanks, imwe ikwiye irashobora kuba kurukuta rwuruhande.Mu rukuta rwo hejuru hari ijosi ryuzuye hamwe nigifuniko cyo kuyungurura (kuyisimbuza mugihe habaye gufunga).
Gushyira tanks yubwoko bwombi bikorwa kumurongo udasanzwe hifashishijwe clamps.Ibigega bimwe byicyuma bitwara agace kegeranye mugice cya moteri cyangwa ahandi hantu heza.
Ibigega byubwoko bwose bikora muburyo bumwe.Iyo moteri itangiye, amavuta ava muri tank yinjira muri pompe, akanyura muri sisitemu agasubira muri tank kuva kuruhande, akanasukurwa (kubera umuvuduko pompe ibwira amavuta) hanyuma ikongera ikinjira muri pompe.Iyo akayunguruzo kafunze, umuvuduko wamavuta muriki gice urazamuka kandi mugihe runaka unesha imbaraga zo guhonyora isoko - akayunguruzo karazamuka kandi amavuta atembera mubigega.Muri iki gihe, amavuta ntasukurwa, yuzuyemo kwihuta kwihuta kwimashanyarazi, bityo akayunguruzo kagomba gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.Niba umuvuduko uzamutse mu kigega cya pompe ya pompe cyangwa amazi menshi yuzuyemo umwuzure, valve yumutekano iterwa no gusohora amavuta arenze.
Muri rusange, ibigega bya pompe yamashanyarazi biroroshye cyane kandi byizewe mubikorwa, ariko biranakenera kubungabungwa cyangwa gusanwa buri gihe.
Ibibazo byo kubungabunga no gusana ibigega byamashanyarazi
Mugihe ukoresha imodoka, ikigega kigomba kugenzurwa kugirango gikomere nubunyangamugayo, kimwe no gukomera kwihuza pompe cyangwa imiyoboro.Niba habonetse ibice, kumeneka, kwangirika, guhindagurika gukomeye nibindi byangiritse, inteko ya tank igomba gusimburwa.Niba habonetse imiyoboro irekuye, gasketi igomba gusimburwa cyangwa ama shitingi agomba kongera gufungirwa mubikoresho.
Kugirango usimbure ikigega, birakenewe kuvoma amazi mumashanyarazi, hanyuma ugasenya.Uburyo bwo gukuraho ikigega bivana n'ubwoko bwabwo:
- Ku bigega byashyizwe kuri pompe, ugomba gusenya igifuniko (kurambura Bolt / intama) hanyuma ugakuramo ibitsike bine bifata ikigega ubwacyo na manifold kuri pompe;
- Kuri tanki kugiti cye, kura clamp cyangwa kurambura Bolt mumutwe.
Mbere yo gushiraho ikigega, genzura gasketi zose, kandi niba zimeze nabi, shyiramo izindi.
Hamwe numurongo wa kilometero ibihumbi 60-100 (ukurikije imiterere yiyi modoka yihariye nigishushanyo cya tank), akayunguruzo kagomba guhinduka cyangwa gusukurwa.Akayunguruzo k'impapuro kagomba gusimburwa, akayunguruzo kagomba gusenywa, gusenywa, gukaraba no gusukurwa.
Ni ngombwa kuzuza neza itangwa rya peteroli no kugenzura urwego rwamavuta muri tank.Suka amazi mumazi gusa mugihe moteri ikora kandi idakora, kandi ibiziga byashyizweho neza.Kugirango wuzuze, birakenewe gukuramo icyuma no kuzuza ikigega amavuta cyane kurwego rwagenwe (ntabwo ari munsi kandi ntabwo ari hejuru).
Imikorere ikwiye yo kuyobora amashanyarazi, gusimbuza buri gihe akayunguruzo no gusimbuza igihe ikigega nicyo shingiro ryimikorere yizewe yo kuyobora amashanyarazi mubihe byose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2023