Phantse zonke iilori zasekhaya kunye neebhasi zisebenzisa i-power steering, ekufuneka ixhotyiswe ngamatanki oyilo olwahlukeneyo.Funda malunga namatanki epompo yokulawula amandla, iintlobo zabo ezikhoyo, ukusebenza kunye neempawu zoyilo, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kwinqaku.
Injongo kunye nokusebenza kwetanki yempompo yokulawula amandla
Ukususela ngo-1960, iilori ezininzi zasekhaya kunye neebhasi zixhotyiswe nge-power steering (GUR) - le nkqubo iququzelele kakhulu ukusebenza koomatshini abanzima, ukunciphisa ukukhathala kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi.Kakade ngelo xesha, kwakukho iinketho ezimbini zokucwangciswa kwenkqubo yokulawula amandla - kunye netanki eyahlukileyo kunye netanki ebekwe kwindlu yempompo yokulawula amandla.Namhlanje, zombini iinketho zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, eziza kuxutyushwa ngezantsi.
Ngaphandle kohlobo kunye noyilo, onke amatanki epompo yokulawula amandla anemisebenzi emihlanu ephambili:
- Ukugcinwa kwanele ekusebenzeni kokulawulwa kwamandla okugcinwa kwamanzi;
- Ukucoca ulwelo olusebenzayo kwiimveliso zokugqoka zamacandelo okulawula amandla - lo msebenzi usonjululwa yinto eyakhelweyo yokucoca;
- Imbuyekezo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal ye-fluid ngexesha lokusebenza okusebenzayo kokulawula amandla;
- Imbuyekezo yokuvuza okungephi kolwelo lokulawula umbane;
- Ukukhutshwa kwengcinezelo eyongeziweyo kwinkqubo xa isihlunu sivaliwe, inkqubo ifakwe emoyeni okanye ukuba izinga eliphezulu leoli liphakama.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-reservoir iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwempompo kunye nokulawulwa kwamandla onke.Le nxalenye ayixanduva lokugcina ukunikezelwa kweoli efunekayo, kodwa iqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwayo okungaphazamisekiyo kwimpompo, ukucocwa, ukusebenza kokulawulwa kwamandla nangona ukuvala ngokugqithiseleyo kwesihlungi, njl.
Iintlobo kunye nesakhiwo samatanki
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, okwangoku, zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zetanki zempompo zokuqhuba zisetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo:
- Amatanki afakwe ngqo kumzimba wempompo;
- Iitanki ezihlukeneyo ezidityaniswe kwimpompo ngamabhobho.
Iitanki zohlobo lokuqala zixhotyiswe ngeenqwelo ze-KAMAZ (ezineenjini ze-KAMAZ), i-ZIL (130, 131, uluhlu lwemodeli "Bychok" kunye nabanye), "Ural", KrAZ kunye nabanye, kunye neebhasi LAZ, LiAZ, PAZ, NefAZ kunye nabanye.Kuzo zonke ezi moto kunye neebhasi, zimbini iintlobo zamatanki asetyenziswayo:
- I-Oval - isetyenziswe ngokukodwa kwiilori ze-KAMAZ, ii-Urals, iilori ze-KrAZ kunye neebhasi;
- Cylindrical - esetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimoto ZIL.
Ngokwesakhiwo, zombini iindidi zamatanki ziyafana ngokusisiseko.Isiseko setanki ngumzimba wesitampu wensimbi kunye nesethi yemingxuma.Ukusuka ngasentla, itanki ivaliwe nge-lid (nge-gasket), elungiswe nge-stud egqitywe kwitanki kunye nemvana yemvana (ZIL) okanye i-bolt ende (KAMAZ).I-stud okanye i-bolt ifakwe kwintambo kwi-pump manifold, efumaneka phantsi kwetanki (nge-gasket).I-manifold ngokwayo ibanjwe ngeebholiti ezine ezijijelwe kwiintambo ezikwimpompo yomzimba, ezi bholithi zilungisa itanki yonke kwimpompo.Ukutywinwa, kukho i-gasket yokutywina phakathi kwetanki kunye nendlu yempompo.
Ngaphakathi kwetanki kukho isihluzo, esifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pump manifold (kwiilori ze-KAMAZ) okanye kwi-inlet fitting (kwi-ZIL).Kukho iindidi ezimbini zezihluzi:
- I-Mesh - luluhlu lwezinto ezijikelezileyo zokucoca i-mesh ezihlanganiswe kwiphakheji, ngokwesakhiwo isihluzo sidityaniswe nevalve yokhuseleko kunye nentwasahlobo yayo.Ezi zihluzo zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kweemoto;
- Iphepha - izihluzi eziqhelekileyo zecylindrical ezinento yokucoca iphepha, ezisetyenziswa kuhlengahlengiso lwangoku lweemoto.
Isigqubuthelo sempompo sinentamo yokuzalisa ngeplagi, umngxuma we-stud okanye i-bolt, kunye nomngxuma wokunyusa i-valve yokukhusela.I-mesh filler filter ifakwe phantsi kwentamo, ebonelela ngokucocwa okuphambili kwe-power steering liquid egalelwe kwitanki.
Kwindonga yetanki, kufuphi nezantsi kwayo, kukho i-inlet fitting, ngaphakathi kwetanki inokudibaniswa kwisihlunu okanye kwi-pump manifold.Ngokusebenzisa oku kulungelelaniswa, ulwelo olusebenzayo luphuma kwi-cylinder ye-hydraulic yamandla okanye i-rack kwi-tank filter, apho ihlanjululwa kwaye yondliwe kwicandelo lokukhupha lempompo.
Amatanki ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa kwiimoto ze-KAMAZ ezine-Cummins, ii-injini ze-MAZ, kunye nakwiibhasi ezikhankanywe ngaphambili zohlengahlengiso lwangoku.La matanki ahlulwe abe ziindidi ezimbini:
-Iitampu ezinesitampu zetsimbi zeemodeli ezininzi zangoku kunye neemoto kunye neebhasi;
-Iitanki zeplastiki zanamhlanje zohlengahlengiso lwangoku lweemoto kunye neebhasi.
Iitanki zetsimbi zidla ngokuba yi-cylindrical ngobume, zisekelwe kumzimba ogxininisiweyo kunye nezixhobo zokungenisa kunye nokukhupha (i-exhaust idla ngokuhlala kwicala, i-intake - ezantsi), evalwe ngesiciko.Isigqubuthelo silungiswe yi-stud kunye namantongomane adlula kwi-tank yonke, ukutywina itanki, isiciko sifakwe kwi-gasket.Ngaphakathi kwetanki kukho isihluzo esinento yokucoca iphepha, isihluzo sicinezelwe ngokuchasene nokufakwa kwe-inlet nge-spring (esi sakhiwo sonke senza ivalve yokhuseleko eqinisekisa ukuhamba kweoli kwitanki xa isihluzo sivaliwe).Kwisiciko kukho intamo yokuzalisa kunye nesihlunu sokuzalisa.Kwezinye iimodeli zamatanki, intamo yenziwe eludongeni.
Amatanki eplastiki anokuba yi-cylindrical okanye i-rectangular, ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakuhlukana.Kwindawo engezantsi yetanki, izixhobo zifakwe ukudibanisa i-hoses yenkqubo yokulawula amandla, kwezinye iimodeli zamatanki, enye i-fitting ingaba eludongeni olusecaleni.Kudonga oluphezulu kukho intamo yokuzalisa kunye nesigqubuthelo sokucoca (ukuyitshintsha kwimeko yokuvala).
Ukufakwa kweetanki zombini iindidi kuqhutyelwa kwiibhakethi ezikhethekileyo ngoncedo lwee-clamps.Amanye amatanki esinyithi athwala isibiyeli esibotshelelwe kwibhowuti yenjini okanye kwenye indawo efanelekileyo.
Iitanki zazo zonke iindidi zisebenza ngendlela efanayo.Xa injini iqala, ioli evela kwi-tank ingena kwimpompo, idlula kwinkqubo kwaye ibuyele kwi-tank ukusuka kwicala lokucoca, apha ihlanjululwa (ngenxa yoxinzelelo apho ipompo ixelela ioli) kwaye iphinda ingene kwimpompo.Xa i-filter ivaliwe, uxinzelelo lwe-oyile kule yunithi luyanyuka kwaye ngexesha elithile linqoba amandla oxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo - isihluzo siphakama kwaye ioli igeleza ngokukhululekile kwitanki.Kule meko, ioli ayihlambulukanga, egcwele ukunxiba ngokukhawuleza kwamacandelo okulawula amandla, ngoko ke isihluzo kufuneka sitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.Ukuba uxinzelelo luyenyuka kwi-reservoir yepompo yokulawula amandla okanye ulwelo oluninzi lukhukulisekile, ivalve yokhuseleko iqalwa apho i-oyile engaphezulu ikhutshwa.
Ngokubanzi, iitanki zempompo yokulawula amandla zilula kakhulu kwaye zithembekile ekusebenzeni, kodwa zifuna ukugcinwa okanye ukulungiswa ngamaxesha athile.
Imiba yogcino kunye nokulungiswa kwamatanki epompo yokulawula amandla
Xa usebenza imoto, itanki kufuneka ihlolwe ukuqina kunye nokunyaniseka, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokudibanisa kwimpompo okanye kwiipayipi.Ukuba ukuqhekeka, ukuvuza, ukubola, ukuguqulwa okukhulu kunye nomnye umonakalo ufunyenwe, indibano yetanki kufuneka ithathelwe indawo.Ukuba uxhulumaniso oluvuzayo lufunyenwe, i-gaskets kufuneka itshintshwe okanye i-hoses kufuneka iphinde ifakwe kwi-fittings.
Ukutshintsha itanki, kuyimfuneko ukukhupha i-fluid kwi-steering yamandla, kunye nokuqhaqha.Inkqubo yokususa itanki ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo:
- Kwiitanki ezifakwe kwimpompo, kufuneka uchithe isigqubuthelo (ukhulule ibholiti / imvana) kwaye ukhulule iibholiti ezine ezibambe itanki ngokwayo kunye ne-manifold kwimpompo;
- Kwiitanki ezizimeleyo, susa i-clamp okanye ukhulule iibholithi kwisibiyeli.
Ngaphambi kokufaka itanki, khangela zonke ii-gaskets, kwaye ukuba zikwimeko embi, zifake ezintsha.
Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-60-100 yeekhilomitha eziliwaka (kuxhomekeke kwimodeli yale moto kunye noyilo lwetanki), isihluzo kufuneka sitshintshwe okanye sicocwe.Izihluzi zamaphepha kufuneka zitshintshwe, izihluzi kufuneka ziqhaqhe, ziqhawuke, zihlanjwe kwaye zicocwe.
Kubalulekile ukuzalisa ngokufanelekileyo ukunikezelwa kweoli kunye nokujonga izinga leoli kwitanki.Galela ulwelo kwitanki kuphela xa injini isebenza kwaye ihleli, kwaye amavili afakwe ngokuthe tye.Ukuzalisa, kuyimfuneko ukukhulula iplagi kwaye ugcwalise itanki ngeoli ngokungqongqo kwinqanaba elichaziweyo (kungekho ngaphantsi kwaye lingekho phezulu).
Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwesikhokelo samandla, ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwesihluzo kunye nokutshintshwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo letanki kusisiseko sokusebenza okuthembekileyo kokulawulwa kwamandla kuyo nayiphi na imeko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-27-2023