Ekuhanjisweni kweelori ze-KAMAZ, ukuhlukana kwe-interaxle kunye ne-axle-axle kubonelelwa, apho indawo ephakathi ihlala kuyo iminqamlezo.Funda malunga nokuba yintoni umnqamlezo, luhlobo luni na, lusebenza njani kwaye yintoni imisebenzi oyenzayo, kunye nokukhetha kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye kwinqaku.
Yintoni umnqamlezo ohlukeneyo we-KAMAZ?
Umnqamlezo wokuhlukana kwe-KAMAZ yinxalenye yeziko kunye nokwahlukana kwe-axle ye-drive axles yezithuthi ze-KAMAZ;Inxalenye ye-cruciform esebenza njengeezembe zezixhobo zesathelayithi.
Umnqamlezo yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili kuzo zonke iintlobo zokwahluka-zombini i-axle enqamlezayo, ebekwe kwiibhokisi zegiya zazo zonke ii-axles zokuqhuba, kunye ne-inter-axle, ebekwe kwi-axle ephakathi.Eli candelo linemisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukusebenza njengee-asi zeesathelayithi ezahlukeneyo - iigiya zixhonywe kwizikhonkwane zomnqamlezo kwaye zijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo kuwo;
● Ukubekwa phakathi kweendawo zokukhwelana zokwahluka-isathelayithi kunye neegiya zeeshafu ze-axle;
● Ukuhanjiswa kwe-torque ukusuka kwizindlu ezihlukeneyo ukuya kwii-satellites kunye nangaphezulu ukuya kwiigesi ze-axle shafts (kwezinye iindidi zale yunithi, i-torque ihanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-crosspiece);
● Ukusabalalisa okufanayo komthwalo kwiigesi ze-axle shafts - oku kunciphisa umthwalo wazo zonke izixhobo, ukwandisa ubomi babo benkonzo kunye nokuthembeka kwiitorque ezibalulekileyo;
● Ubonelelo ngezithambiso kwiibhushi (iibheringi ezicacileyo) zesathelayithi.
Ubume bomnqamlezo ubukhulu becala buxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kokwahluka, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kwetorque kunye nokuthembeka.Umnqamlezo ophosakeleyo kufuneka ulungiswe okanye utshintshwe, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga inxalenye entsha, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo zeminqamlezo ye-KAMAZ, iimpawu zabo kunye nokusebenza.
Iindidi, uyilo kunye neempawu ze-KAMAZ ezinqamlezayo ezahlukeneyo
Yonke iminqamlezo ye-KAMAZ yahlulwe yangamaqela amabini amakhulu ngokusebenza kwawo:
● Iminqamlezo yokwahluka kwe-axle (iibhokisi zegiya ze-axle);
● Iminqamlezo yokwahluka kwamaziko.
Iminqamlezo yodidi lokuqala isetyenziselwa ukwahluka kweebhokisi zegiya kuzo zonke ii-axles zokuqhuba - ngaphambili, phakathi (ukuba kukho) nasemva.Apha, le nxalenye iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-torque phakathi kwe-axle shafts kwisantya esingalinganiyo sokujikeleza kwamavili asekunene nasekhohlo.
Indibano yomnqamlezo eyahlukileyo kunye nesathelayithi
Iminqamlezo yodidi lwesibini iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezahlulo zeziko ezifakwe kuphela kwii-axles zokuqhuba eziphakathi kweemoto ezineefomyula zesondo 6 × 4 kunye ne-6 × 6, kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-torque kwi-axles ephakathi nasemva (ngaphandle kwetyala lokudlulisa).Apha, le nxalenye iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwetorque phakathi kwe-axles ephakathi nasemva kwizantya ezingalinganiyo zokujikeleza kwamavili abo.
Iminqamlezo yazo zombini iindidi inoyilo olufanayo ngokomgaqo.Le yinxalenye eqinileyo apho amalungu amabini anokwahlulwa: iringi esembindini (hub), ecaleni kwesangqa apho izikhonkwane ezine zibekwe ngokulinganayo.Umngxuma kwi-hub usebenza kumbindi wenxalenye kwaye uyiququzelele, kwaye kumbindi wokwahluka, i-axle drive shaft yangasemva idlula kuyo.Izixhobo zeSatellite kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa zifakwe kwii-spikes ngokusebenzisa i-bushings, ukukhusela ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kweesathelayithi kunye noomatshini beekomityi zezindlu ezihlukeneyo.
I-spikes ine-cross-section eguquguqukayo: kumacala ajongene nombindi we-crosspiece, ama-balds asuswe kwinqanaba elifanayo kunye nendiza ye-hub yesiphambano.I-Lysks iqinisekisa ukuhamba kweoli kwi-bushings ye-satellites kunye nokususwa kweengqungquthela zokugqoka kuzo.Imingxuma eyimfama yobunzulu obunzulu idla ngokugrunjwa ekupheleni kwee-spikes, eziququzelela ukucutshungulwa kwenxalenye.Kwakhona, ii-chamfers zisuswa ekupheleni ukwenzela ukufakwa okulula komnqamlezo kwizindlu ezihlukeneyo.Ububanzi be-studs of cross of the cross-axle differentials ye-KAMAZ yi-28.0-28.11 mm, ububanzi be-studs of cross of the differents of the center is in the range of 21.8-21.96 mm.
Zonke iziphambano zenziwe ngeentsimbi zolwakhiwo zamabakala 15X, 18X, 20X kunye nabanye ngesitampu eshushu (forging) elandelwa ukujika, umphezulu izikhonkwane iindawo ezigqityiweyo iphantsi unyango ubushushu (carburizing ubunzulu 1.2 mm, quenching and ubushushu obulandelayo) ukufezekisa ubulukhuni obufunekayo kunye nokumelana nokunxitywa kwe-abrasive.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeminqamlezo yokwahluka kwamaziko ezithuthi ze-KAMAZ:
● Ngomngxuma ogudileyo osembindini;
● Nge hub slotted.
Amacandelo ohlobo lokuqala anoyilo oluchazwe apha ngasentla, asetyenziselwa ukuhlukana kweziko, ezenziwe ngokuhambelana neskimu se-classical - kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-torque ukusuka kwi-shaft propeller ukuya kwizindlu ezihlukeneyo, apho umnqamlezo udibaniswa ngokungqongqo.Amacandelo ohlobo lwesibini ane-hub yokwandisa ububanzi, kwindawo engaphakathi apho i-longitudinal splines yenziwe.Le minqamlezo isetyenziselwa ukwahluka kweziko lohlobo olutsha (olufakwe kwi-KAMAZ-6520 iilori zokulahla kunye nokuguqulwa okusekelwe kubo ukususela ngo-2009) - kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-torque ukusuka kwi-propeller shaft ngqo kwi-crosspiece.Ukwahluka kolu hlobo kuncinci kwaye kulula, kodwa kuzo umnqamlezo uphantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu, ngoko ke iimfuno ezingqongqo zibekwe kuyilo kunye nomgangatho wazo.
Umahluko phakathi kwendibano ye-KAMAZ-6520
Ukusebenza kwee-D-pads kukwahluka kulula kakhulu.Kumahluko we-axle enqamlezayo, isebenza kuphela njengee-asi zeesathelayithi.Umnqamlezo uqiniswe ngokungqongqo phakathi kweesitya zezindlu ezihlukeneyo, ezithi, zifakwe ngaphakathi kwesixhobo esiqhutywayo sesixhobo esiphambili.Xa i-gear ijikeleza, i-different ijikeleza ngexesha elifanayo, ii-satellites ezifakwe emnqamlezweni, zibandakanya iigiya ze-axle shafts, zizisa ukujikeleza, ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-torque kumavili okuqhuba.Xa ubeka iikona okanye uqhuba kwiindlela ezimanzi, iisathelayithi zijikeleza kwii-spikes ze-crosspiece, zibonelela ngezantya ezahlukeneyo zamavili.
Kwiziko lokuhlukana, iminqamlezo yenza imisebenzi efanayo, kodwa ngoncedo lwabo i-torque isasazwa phakathi kwee-axles zokuqhuba.
Imiba yokukhetha kunye nokutshintshwa kweminqamlezo yokwahluka kwe-KAMAZ
Iminqamlezo eyahlukileyo ixhomekeke kwimithwalo ephezulu ngexesha lokusebenza kwemoto, ngoko ke ekuhambeni kwexesha bayaguga kwaye bakhubazeke.Imeko yale nxalenye ibekwe iliso ngexesha lokugcinwa kwesiqhelo okanye ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-axle yokuqhuba.Ukuba i-chips, i-scuffs, i-cracks kunye nomnye umonakalo ufunyenwe kwi-crosspiece, ngoko kufuneka itshintshwe.Ukuba ii-spikes zomnqamlezo zinemizila yokugqoka i-abrasive kunye nokunciphisa ububanzi, ngoko ziyakwazi ukubuyiselwa ngokujonga isinyithi kunye nokugaya, kodwa namhlanje kulula kakhulu kwaye kungabizi ukuthenga umnqamlezo omtsha.Ukuba iziphene zichongiwe kwiisathelayithi kunye neewasha (iitshiphu, ukuguga kwamazinyo ngokungalingani, iintanda kunye nokwaphuka kwamazinyo, njl.), kufuneka zitshintshwe kunye ne-crosspiece, kunye nesethi epheleleyo (kunye ne-bushings kunye ne-thrust washers).
Umahluko we-KAMAZ onqamlezayo
Iminqamlezo eyahlukileyo ixhomekeke kwimithwalo ephezulu ngexesha lokusebenza kwemoto, ngoko ke ekuhambeni kwexesha bayaguga kwaye bakhubazeke.Imeko yale nxalenye ibekwe iliso ngexesha lokugcinwa kwesiqhelo okanye ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-axle yokuqhuba.Ukuba i-chips, i-scuffs, i-cracks kunye nomnye umonakalo ufunyenwe kwi-crosspiece, ngoko kufuneka itshintshwe.Ukuba ii-spikes zomnqamlezo zinemizila yokugqoka i-abrasive kunye nokunciphisa ububanzi, ngoko ziyakwazi ukubuyiselwa ngokujonga isinyithi kunye nokugaya, kodwa namhlanje kulula kakhulu kwaye kungabizi ukuthenga umnqamlezo omtsha.Ukuba iziphene zichongiwe kwiisathelayithi kunye neewasha (iitshiphu, ukuguga kwamazinyo ngokungalingani, iintanda kunye nokwaphuka kwamazinyo, njl.), kufuneka zitshintshwe kunye ne-crosspiece, kunye nesethi epheleleyo (kunye ne-bushings kunye ne-thrust washers).
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-05-2023