Namuhla, zimbalwa futhi zimbalwa izimoto ezinamafasitela emishini akhiqizwayo - ashintshiwe ngogesi, alawulwa izinkinobho eminyango.Konke mayelana nokushintshwa kwewindi lamandla, izici zabo zokuklama nezinhlobo ezikhona, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa - funda lesi sihloko.
Kuyini ukushintshwa kwewindi lamandla?
Ukushintsha kwewindi lamandla (ukushintshwa kwewindi lamandla, ukushintshwa kwewindi lamandla) - imojula yesistimu yokulawula kagesi yamafasitela wamandla wemoto;Idivayisi eshintshayo esesimweni senkinobho noma ibhulokhi yezinkinobho zokulawula umuntu ngamunye noma wonke amawindi kagesi akhelwe eminyango.
Ukushintsha izinto eziyinhloko ezishintshayo zesistimu yokunethezeka yemoto - amafasitela wamandla.Ngosizo lwabo, umshayeli nabagibeli bangakwazi ukulawula amafasitela kagesi, ukulungisa i-microclimate ku-cabin nakwezinye izinjongo.Ukuwohloka kwalezi zingxenye kuncisha imoto ingxenye ebalulekile yokunethezeka, futhi kwezinye izimo kwenza kube nzima ukusebenza (isibonelo, ngezinkomba ezingalungile kanye nefasitela lamandla ohlangothini lomshayeli, kuba nzima ukwenza ukusayina kwezimpawu zokuqondisa. ).Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha kufanele kushintshwe, futhi ukuze wenze ukukhetha okufanele, kufanele uqonde ukuklama nezici zalawa madivayisi.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza kwamaswishi ewindi lamandla
Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi namuhla izinhlobo ezimbili zamadivayisi asetshenziswa ezimotweni ukulawula amafasitela kagesi:
● Ukushintsha (amaswishi);
● Amayunithi okulawula (amamojula).
Amadivayisi ohlobo lokuqala, okuzoxoxwa ngawo ngokuqhubekayo, asekelwe ekushintsheni kwamandla, alawula ngokuqondile ama-circuits okunikezwa kwamandla kagesi wamafasitela futhi awanakho ukusebenza okwengeziwe.Amadivayisi ohlobo lwesibili angabuye afakwe ngokushintshwa kwamandla, kodwa ngokuvamile alawulwa nge-elekthronikhi futhi asetshenziswe ohlelweni olulodwa lwe-elektroniki lwemoto ngebhasi le-CAN, i-LIN nabanye.Futhi, amayunithi okulawula anomsebenzi owengeziwe, okuhlanganisa okungasetshenziswa ukulawula ukukhiya okumaphakathi nezibuko ezibuka ngemuva, amawindi okuvimba, njll.
Amaswishi ewindi lamandla ayahluka ngenani lamaswishi nokusebenza kwawo:
● Iswishi eyodwa - yokufakwa ngqo emnyango lapho iwindi lamandla likhona;
● Amaswishi amabili - okufakwa esicabheni somshayeli ukuze kulawulwe amafasitela kagesi azo zombili izicabha zangaphambili;
● Amaswishi amane - okufakwa esicabheni somshayeli ukuze kulawulwe amawindi kagesi azo zonke izicabha ezine zemoto.
Amaswishi amaningana ahlukene angase abe khona emotweni eyodwa.Isibonelo, amaswishi amabili noma amane ngokuvamile afakwa emnyango womshayeli ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi izinkinobho ezilodwa zibekwe kuphela emnyango wabagibeli wangaphambili noma emnyango wabagibeli wangaphambili kanye neminyango yomibili yangemuva.
Ngokwesakhiwo, zonke izinguquko zewindi lamandla zilula kakhulu.Idivayisi isuselwe ekushintsheni kokhiye bezindawo ezintathu:
● Indawo engagxilile "Phezulu";
● Indawo emaphakathi egxilile ("Valiwe");
● Indawo "Phansi" engagxilile.
Okusho ukuthi, uma ungekho umthelela, ukushintshwa kokhiye kusesimweni sokungathathi hlangothi futhi isifunda somlawuli wewindi sikhishwa amandla.Futhi ezikhundleni ezingaguquki, umjikelezo wesilawuli sewindi uvaliwe okwesikhashana ngenkathi inkinobho ibanjwe ngomunwe wakho.Lokhu kunikeza ukusebenza okulula futhi okulula kakhudlwana, njengoba umshayeli nomgibeli bengadingi ukucindezela inkinobho izikhathi eziningana ukuze uvule noma uvale iwindi ngenani elifunekayo.
Kulokhu, izinkinobho zingase zehluke ngokwakhiwa kanye nohlobo lokushayela:
● Inkinobho yokhiye enezindawo ezingagxilile endizeni evundlile iwukhiye ovamile lapho izindawo ezingagxilile zitholakala endizeni evundlile eduze nendawo emaphakathi egxilile;
● Inkinobho enezindawo ezingagxilile endizeni eqondile iyinkinobho yohlobo lwe-lever lapho izindawo ezingagxilile zitholakala endizeni eqondile phezulu nangaphansi ngokuhlobene nendawo egxilile.
Esimweni sokuqala, ukhiye ulawulwa ngokumane ucindezele umunwe wakho kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye uhlangothi lwayo.Esimweni sesibili, ukhiye kufanele ucindezelwe kusuka phezulu noma ucindezelwe kusuka ngezansi, inkinobho enjalo ivame ukutholakala esimweni esine-niche ngaphansi komunwe.
Ishintsha ngesimo esingashintshile ku-eksisi eqondile
Shintsha ngezindawo ezingagxilile endizeni evundlile
Nokho, namuhla kunemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela yezinkinobho ezimbili zokulawula iwindi lamandla elilodwa.Le swishi isebenzisa izinkinobho ezimbili ezihlukene ezinesimo esingaguquki - eyokuphakamisa ingilazi, enye eyokwehlisa.Lawa madivaysi anezinzuzo zawo zombili (awukwazi ukusebenzisa inkinobho eyodwa ezikhundleni ezintathu, kodwa izinkinobho ezimbili ezifanayo ezingabizi) kanye nokubi (izinkinobho ezimbili zingacindezelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa), kodwa zisetshenziswa kaningi kunalezo ezichazwe ngenhla.
Iswishi ingafakwa ebhokisini lepulasitiki ledizayini eyodwa noma enye - ukusuka kusiqeshana esilula kuya kuyunithi ephelele enomklamo ngamunye ohlanganiswe nomnyango wemoto.Ngokuvamile, umzimba unomklamo ongathathi hlangothi omnyama, ofanele izimoto eziningi zanamuhla, kodwa ukushintshwa kungase kube nomklamo ngamunye wokufakwa kuphela kuhlu oluthile lwemodeli noma ngisho nakumodeli wemoto eyodwa.Ikesi, kanye nezinkinobho, libanjwe emnyango ngama-latches, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa iziqinisekiso ezengeziwe ngendlela yezikulufo.
Ngemuva kwecala noma ngqo enkinobho kukhona isixhumi esijwayelekile sikagesi sokuxhuma ohlelweni lukagesi.Isixhumi singaba nenguqulo eyodwa kwezimbili:
● Ibhulokhi isemzimbeni wocingo ngqo;
● Ibhulokhi elibekwe phezu kwehhanisi lezintambo.
Kuzo zombili izimo, amaphedi anommese (flat) noma ama-pin terminal asetshenziswa, iphedi ngokwayo inesiketi esivikelayo esinesihluthulelo (i-protrusion yesimo esikhethekile) ukuvimbela ukuxhumana okungalungile.
Amaswishi ewindi lamandla aphatha ama-pictogram angajwayelekile kakhulu noma angaphansi - ngokuvamile isithombe esenziwe isitayela sokuvuleka komnyango wemoto ohlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezinomcibisholo obheke phezulu obheke kabili noma ngemicibisholo emibili eqondiswe ngokuphambene.Kodwa ukuqokwa ngendlela yemicibisholo ezinhlangothini zombili zenkinobho nakho kungasetshenziswa.Kukhona nokushintsha okunombhalo othi "WINDOW", futhi izinhlamvu "L" kanye "R" zingasetshenziswa ngokungeziwe ekushintsheni okukabili ukukhombisa uhlangothi lomnyango lapho iwindi livulwa khona ngale nkinobho.
Ukukhetha okulungile nokufakwa kweswishi yewindi lamandla
Ukukhethwa nokufakwa esikhundleni sokushintsha kwesilawuli sewindi ezimweni eziningi kulula futhi akudingi ulwazi olukhethekile.Kungcono ukusebenzisa kuphela lawo madivayisi afakwe emotweni ngaphambili - ngakho-ke kunesiqinisekiso sokuthi ukufakwa kuzokwenziwa ngokushesha, futhi uhlelo luzosebenza ngokushesha (futhi ngezimoto ezintsha lokhu ukuphela kwendlela engenzeka, kusukela lapho ukhetha. ingxenye enenombolo yekhathalogi ehlukile, ungalahlekelwa iwaranti).Ukusesha okushintshwayo kwezimoto zasekhaya kusiza kakhulu ukuthi amamodeli amaningi asebenzisa izinhlobo ezifanayo zokushintshwa okuvela kumkhiqizi oyedwa noma ngaphezulu.
Uma ukushintshwa kuyadingeka ukuze kufakwe iwindi likagesi esikhundleni semanyuwali, khona-ke udinga ukuqhubeka nokusebenza okufunayo, i-voltage yokuhlinzeka yenethiwekhi ebhodini kanye nezici zokuklama zekhabhinethi.Kunengqondo ukuthatha inkinobho ephindwe kabili noma kane esicabheni somshayeli, kanye nezinkinobho ezijwayelekile zodwa kuzo zonke ezinye izicabha.Futhi, lapho uthenga amaswishi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthenge isixhumi esisha esizoba ne-pinout edingekayo.
Shintsha iwindi lamandla elinenkinobho ekabili
Ukushintshwa kwengxenye kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa imoto.Ngokuvamile, lokhu kusebenza kwehliselwa ekuhlakazeni iswishi endala (ngokunqamula ama-latches futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuqaqa izikulufu) nokufaka entsha endaweni yayo.Lapho ulungisa, khipha itheminali ebhethrini, futhi ngesikhathi sokufakwa, qinisekisa ukuthi isixhumi sikagesi sixhunywe ngendlela efanele.Uma ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, iwindi lamandla lizoqala ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, liqinisekise ukunethezeka nokunethezeka kwemoto.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-14-2023