Galimoto yamakono iliyonse imakhala ndi choyambira chamagetsi chomwe chimapereka chiyambi cha mphamvu zamagetsi.Chigawo chofunikira cha choyambira ndi maburashi omwe amapereka magetsi ku zida.Werengani za maburashi oyambira, cholinga chake ndi kapangidwe kake, komanso diagnostics ndi m'malo m'nkhani yomwe yaperekedwa.
Cholinga ndi udindo wa maburashi mu choyambira chamagetsi
M'magalimoto ambiri amakono okhala ndi injini zoyatsira mkati, ntchito yoyambira gawo lamagetsi imathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito choyambira chamagetsi.Pazaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazi, oyambitsa sanasinthe kwambiri: maziko a mapangidwe ake ndi injini yamagetsi yamagetsi ya DC, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi relay ndi galimoto.The starter motor ili ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu:
- Kusonkhana kwa thupi ndi stator;
- Nangula;
- Kusonkhanitsa burashi.
Stator ndi gawo lokhazikika la injini yamagetsi.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma electromagnetic stators, momwe maginito amapangidwira ndi mawindo akumunda.Koma mutha kupezanso zoyambira zokhala ndi ma stators kutengera maginito wamba okhazikika.Chombocho ndi gawo losuntha la galimoto yamagetsi, imakhala ndi ma windings (ndi nsonga zamtengo), msonkhano wosonkhanitsa ndi zida zoyendetsa (magiya).Kuzungulira kwa zida kumaperekedwa ndi kuyanjana kwa maginito omwe amapangidwa mozungulira zida ndi ma stator windings pamene magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iwo.
Burashi ndi gulu lamagetsi lamagetsi lomwe limapereka kulumikizana kotsetsereka ndi zida zosunthika.Kusonkhanitsa burashi kumakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zazikulu - maburashi ndi chotengera burashi chomwe chimagwira maburashi pamalo ogwirira ntchito.Maburashi amapanikizidwa motsutsana ndi gulu la otolera zida (limakhala ndi mbale zingapo zamkuwa zomwe zimalumikizana ndi ma windings a armature), zomwe zimatsimikizira kupezeka kwanthawi zonse kwa ma windings a armature panthawi yozungulira.
Maburashi oyambira ndizofunikira komanso zofunikira zomwe ziyenera kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Mitundu ndi mapangidwe a masamba oyambira
Mwadongosolo, maburashi onse oyambira amakhala ofanana.Burashi wamba imakhala ndi magawo awiri akulu:
- Burashi wopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zofewa zopangira;
- Wowongolera wosinthika (wokhala kapena wopanda terminal) kuti azipereka zamakono.
Burashi ndi parallelepiped kuumbidwa kuchokera wapadera conductive zakuthupi zochokera graphite.Pakadali pano, maburashi oyambira amapangidwa ndi zida ziwiri zazikulu:
- Electrographite (EG) kapena graphite yokumba.Zinthu zomwe zimapezedwa ndikukanikizira ndikuwotcha kuchokera ku coke kapena zida zina zopangira kaboni ndi hydrocarbon binder;
- Zophatikizika zochokera ku graphite ndi ufa wachitsulo.Maburashi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi copper-graphite amapanikizidwa kuchokera ku graphite ndi ufa wamkuwa.
Maburashi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mkuwa-graphite.Chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa mkuwa, maburashi oterewa amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zamagetsi ndipo amalimbana ndi kuvala.Maburashi oterowo amakhala ndi zovuta zingapo, zomwe zazikulu zake ndizowonjezereka kwa abrasive, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuvala kwa zida zambiri.Komabe, kachitidwe ka ntchito koyambira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa (kuchokera pa masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi zingapo patsiku), kotero kuvala kwa manifold kumachedwa.
Makondakitala amodzi kapena awiri osinthika amagawo akulu akulu amakhazikika m'thupi la burashi.Makondakitala ndi amkuwa, omangika, opangidwa kuchokera ku mawaya angapo owonda (omwe amapereka kusinthasintha).Pa maburashi oyambira otsika mphamvu, kondakitala imodzi yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamaburashi oyambira mphamvu zambiri, ma conductor awiri amakhazikika mbali zotsutsana za burashi (popereka yunifolomu yapano).Kuyika kokondakita nthawi zambiri kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito manja achitsulo (pistoni).Kondakitala akhoza kukhala wopanda kapena insulated - zonse zimatengera kapangidwe kake koyambira.Terminal ikhoza kukhala kumapeto kwa kondakitala kuti ayike mosavuta.Ma conductors ayenera kukhala osinthika, omwe amalola burashi kuti isinthe malo panthawi yovala komanso poyambira, osataya kukhudzana ndi zobwezeredwa.
Maburashi angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira, kawirikawiri chiwerengero chawo ndi 4, 6 kapena 8. Pankhaniyi, theka la maburashi amagwirizanitsidwa ndi "nthaka", ndipo theka lina ndi stator windings.Kulumikizana uku kumatsimikizira kuti pamene choyambira choyambira chiyatsidwa, pakali pano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi ma stator windings ndi ma windings a armature.
Maburashiwo amawongoleredwa mu chosungiramo burashi m'njira yoti nthawi iliyonse maburashi akugwiritsidwa ntchito ku ma windings ena.Burashi iliyonse imapanikizidwa ndi zobwezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito kasupe.Chogwiritsira ntchito burashi, pamodzi ndi maburashi, ndi gawo losiyana, lomwe, ngati kuli kofunikira kukonzanso kapena kusintha maburashi, likhoza kuthetsedwa ndikuyika mosavuta.
Kawirikawiri, maburashi oyambira ndi ophweka kwambiri, choncho ndi odalirika komanso okhazikika.Komabe, amafunikiranso kusamalidwa ndi kukonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Nkhani za diagnostics ndi kukonza maburashi oyambira
Panthawi yogwira ntchito, maburashi oyambira amatha kuvala nthawi zonse komanso katundu wambiri wamagetsi (panthawi yoyambitsa injini, ma amperes 100 mpaka 1000 kapena kupitilira apo amayenda pamaburashi), motero pakapita nthawi amachepetsa kukula ndikugwa.Izi zingayambitse kutayika kwa kukhudzana ndi wosonkhanitsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya chiyambi chonse.Ngati choyambitsacho chikuyamba kugwira ntchito moipitsitsa pakapita nthawi, sichipereka liwiro lofunikira la kuzungulira kwa crankshaft kapena sichimayatsa konse, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana mayendedwe ake, momwe magetsi amalumikizirana komanso, pomaliza, maburashi.Ngati zonse zili mu dongosolo ndi relay ndi kukhudzana, ndipo choyambitsa sichigwira ntchito bwino ngakhale chikugwirizana ndi batire, kudutsa relay, ndiye vuto liyenera kufunidwa mu maburashi.
Kuti muzindikire ndikusintha maburashi, choyambiracho chiyenera kuthyoledwa ndikuphwanyidwa, nthawi zambiri, disassembly imachitika motere:
- Tsegulani mabawuti okhala ndi chivundikiro chakumbuyo cha choyambira;
- Chotsani chophimba;
- Chotsani zisindikizo zonse ndi zingwe (nthawi zambiri pamakhala mphete ziwiri za O, chotsitsa ndi gasket poyambira);
- Mosamala chotsani chosungira burashi kuchokera ku zida zambiri.Pankhaniyi, maburashi adzakankhidwira kunja ndi akasupe, koma palibe choyipa chomwe chingachitike, chifukwa magawowa amagwiridwa ndi owongolera osinthika.
Tsopano muyenera kupanga kuyang'ana kowoneka kwa maburashi, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa kuvala ndi kukhulupirika.Ngati maburashi ali ndi kuvala mopitirira muyeso (ali ndi kutalika kwaufupi kusiyana ndi momwe amapangira), ming'alu, kinks kapena zowonongeka zina, ndiye ziyenera kusinthidwa.Komanso, maburashi athunthu amasintha nthawi yomweyo, popeza maburashi akale amatha kulephera posachedwa ndipo kukonzanso kuyenera kuchitidwanso.
Kugwetsa maburashi ikuchitika malinga ndi mtundu wa kusalaza.Ngati ma conductors amangogulitsidwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungunuka.Ngati pali ma terminals pa kondakitala, ndiye kuti kugwetsa ndi kukhazikitsa kumachepetsedwa mpaka kumasula / kusakatula mu zomangira kapena mabawuti.Kuyika maburashi atsopano kumachitika motsatira dongosolo, pomwe ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kudalirika kwa kulumikizana kwamagetsi.
Pambuyo posintha maburashi, choyambira chimasonkhanitsidwa motsatira dongosolo, ndipo gawo lonse limayikidwa pamalo ake okhazikika.Maburashi atsopanowa ali ndi gawo lathyathyathya logwira ntchito, kotero iwo adzakhala "othamanga" kwa masiku angapo, panthawi yomwe choyambitsa chiyenera kupewedwa pakuwonjezeka kwa katundu.M'tsogolomu, maburashi oyambira safuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi kukonza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-27-2023