Motokari yega yega yemazuva ano ine mutangi wemagetsi inopa kutanga kwesimba remagetsi.Chinhu chakakosha chemutangi ndiyo seti yemabhurashi inopa magetsi ikozvino kune armature.Verenga nezve mabhurashi ekutanga, chinangwa chavo uye dhizaini, pamwe nekuongorora uye kutsiva mune yakaratidzwa chinyorwa.
Chinangwa uye basa remabhurashi mumagetsi ekutanga
Mumotokari dzakawanda dzemazuva ano dzakagadzirirwa injini dzinopisa mukati, basa rekutanga chikwata chemagetsi rinogadziriswa uchishandisa magetsi ekutanga.Mukati mezana ramakore rapfuura, vanotanga havana kuita shanduko dzakakosha: hwaro hwedhizaini ndeye compact uye yakapusa DC yemagetsi mota, iyo inowedzerwa nerelay uye dhiraivha.Iyo mota yekutanga ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru:
- Kuungana kwemuviri ne stator;
-Anchor;
- Brush kusangana.
Iyo stator ndiyo yakagadziriswa chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi.Inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye electromagnetic stators, iyo iyo magnetic field inogadzirwa nemunda windings.Asi iwe unogona zvakare kuwana matangi ane stators akavakirwa pane akajairwa anogara magineti.Iyo armature ndiyo inofamba chikamu chemagetsi mota, ine windings (ine pole matipi), musangano wekuunganidza uye dhiraivha zvikamu (giya).Kutenderera kwechigunwe kunopiwa nekubatana kwemagineti akaumbwa kumativi ezvombo uye stator windings apo magetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa kwavari.
Iyo brashi gungano isangano remagetsi mota rinopa kutsvedza kudhumhana neinofambiswa armature.Musangano webhurashi une zvikamu zvakati wandei - mabhurashi uye chibatiso chebhurashi chinobata mabhurashi munzvimbo yekushanda.Mabhurashi anotsikirirwa pamusangano wekuunganidza zvombo (inosanganisira akati wandei mahwendefa emhangura ayo ari mabatirwo eiyo armature windings), iyo inovimbisa kugara ichipihwa ikozvino kune armature windings panguva yekutenderera kwayo.
Mabhurashi ekutanga akakosha uye akakosha zvikamu izvo zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakadzama.
Mhando uye dhizaini yematangi ekutanga
Zvimiro, ese mabhurashi ekutanga akafanana.Bharashi rakajairwa rine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru:
- Brush yakaumbwa kubva munyoro conductive zvinhu;
- Flexible conductor (ine kana isina terminal) yekugovera ikozvino.
Iyo bhurashi ndeye parallelepiped yakaumbwa kubva kune yakakosha conductive zvinhu zvinoenderana negraphite.Parizvino, mabhurashi ekutanga anogadzirwa nezvinhu zviviri zvikuru:
- Electrographite (EG) kana yekugadzira graphite.Material inowanikwa nekutsikirira uye kugocha kubva kucoke kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoitisa zvinoenderana nekabhoni uye hydrocarbon binder;
- Composites yakavakirwa pagraphite uye simbi poda.Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa yemhangura-graphite mabhurashi anotsikirirwa kubva graphite uye copper poda.
Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa copper-graphite brushes.Pamusana pekubatanidzwa kwemhangura, mabhurashi akadaro ane kushomeka kwemagetsi uye anowedzera kusagadzikana kupfeka.Mabhurashi akadaro ane zvipingamupinyi zvakati wandei, iyo huru iyo inowedzera abrasive mhedzisiro, iyo inotungamira kuwedzera kupfeka kweiyo armature manifold.Zvisinei, kutenderera kwekushanda kwekutanga kunowanzova kupfupi (kubva pamakumi mashoma emasekonzi kusvika kumaminitsi akati wandei pazuva), saka kupfeka kwemanifold kunononoka.
Imwe kana maviri anochinjika maconductor emuchinjiko-chikamu akaomarara akaiswa mumuviri webhurashi.Makonduki imhangura, yakasungwa, yakarukwa kubva kune akati wandei waya dzakatetepa (inopa kuchinjika).Pamabhurashi ekutanga-simba-simba, kondakita mumwe chete anowanzo shandiswa, pamabhurashi ekutanga-simba ekutanga, maviri conductor akaiswa pamativi akatarisana ebhurashi (yeunifomu ikozvino inopa).Kuiswa kwemuitisi kunowanzoitwa uchishandisa simbi sleeve (piston).Iyo conductor inogona kunge isina kana insulated - zvese zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kweimwe yekutanga.A terminal inogona kuwanikwa kumagumo kweconductor kuitira nyore kuisa.Iwo maconductor anofanirwa kuchinjika, ayo anobvumira bhurashi kuti ichinje chinzvimbo panguva yekupfeka uye panguva yekutanga kushanda, pasina kurasikirwa nekusangana neakawanda.
Mabhurashi akawanda anoshandiswa mukutanga, kazhinji nhamba yavo ndeye 4, 6 kana 8. Muchiitiko ichi, hafu yemabhurashi yakabatana ne "pasi", uye imwe hafu kune stator windings.Kubatana uku kunovimbisa kuti kana iyo yekutanga relay yakavhurwa, ikozvino inoshandiswa panguva imwe chete kune stator windings uye armature windings.
Mabhurashi anotungamirwa mumubati webhurashi nenzira yekuti panguva yega yega yenguva iyo ikozvino inoshandiswa kune mamwe armature windings.Bhurashi rimwe nerimwe rinotsikirirwa pazvizhinji nenzira yechitubu.Iyo brashi inobata, pamwe chete nemabhurashi, inhengo yakasiyana, iyo, kana zvichidikanwa kugadzirisa kana kutsiva mabhurashi, inogona kubviswa uye nyore nyore kuiswa panzvimbo.
Kazhinji, mabhurashi ekutanga ari nyore kwazvo, saka anovimbika uye anogara.Zvisinei, vanodawo nguva nenguva kugadzirisa uye kugadziriswa.
Nyaya dzekuongorora uye kugadziriswa kwemabhurashi ekutanga
Panguva yekushanda, mabhurashi ekutanga anoiswa pasi pekugara achipfeka uye akakosha mitoro yemagetsi (panguva yekutanga injini, ikozvino ye100 kusvika 1000 kana kupfuura amperes inoyerera nemabhurashi), saka nekufamba kwenguva inoderera muhukuru uye kudonha.Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwekusangana nemuunganidzi, izvo zvinoreva kukanganisa mukushanda kwekutanga kwese.Kana iyo yekutanga ikatanga kushanda zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva, isingapi iyo inodiwa angular velocity yekutenderera kwe crankshaft kana isingabatike zvachose, saka iwe unofanirwa kutarisa iyo relay yayo, mamiriro emagetsi ekubata uye, pakupedzisira, mabhurashi.Kana zvinhu zvese zvakarongeka neiyo relay uye yekubatika, uye iyo yekutanga isingashande zvakanaka kunyangwe yakabatana nebhatiri, ichipfuura relay, ipapo dambudziko rinofanira kutsvakwa mumabhurashi.
Kuti uongorore uye kutsiva mabhurashi, iyo yekutanga inofanira kubviswa uye kubviswa, kazhinji, disassembly inoitwa sezvinotevera:
- Vhura mabhaudhi akabata chivharo chekumashure chemutambi;
- Bvisa chivharo;
- Bvisa zvisimbiso zvose uye zvisungo (kazhinji kune maO-rings maviri, chigadziko uye gasket mukutanga);
- Nyatsobvisa chibatiso chebhurashi kubva pane manifold armature.Muchiitiko ichi, mabhurashi anosundirwa kunze nezvitubu, asi hapana chinotyisa chichaitika, sezvo zvikamu zvakabatwa nevanochinjika conductors.
Iye zvino iwe unofanirwa kuita chitarisiko chekutarisa kwemabhurashi, kuongorora dhigirii yekupfeka uye kuvimbika.Kana mabhurashi ane zvipfeko zvakanyanyisa (zvine urefu hupfupi pane zvakakurudzirwa nemuiti), kuputika, kinks kana zvimwe zvinokuvadza, zvino zvinofanira kuchinjwa.Uyezve, iyo yakazara seti yemabhurashi inochinja nekukasira, sezvo mabhurashi ekare anogona kutadza nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa kunofanira kuitwa zvakare.
Kubviswa kwemabhurashi kunoitwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutsanya.Kana maconductor achingotengeswa, saka iwe unofanirwa kushandisa simbi yekusimbisa.Kana paine materminal pane maconductor, ipapo kuputsa uye kuisirwa kunoderedzwa kuita unscrew / screwing mune screws kana mabhaudhi.Kuiswa kwemabhurashi matsva kunoitwa mune reverse kurongeka, nepo zvichidikanwa kutarisa kuvimbika kwemagetsi emagetsi.
Mushure mekutsiva mabhurashi, iyo yekutanga inounganidzwa mune reverse order, uye iyo yese unit inoiswa munzvimbo yayo yenguva dzose.Mabhurashi matsva ane chikamu chekushanda chakafuratira, saka achave "anomhanya-mukati" kwemazuva akati wandei, panguva iyo iyo yekutanga inofanira kudziviswa pakuwedzera mitoro.Mune ramangwana, mabhurashi ekutanga haadi kutarisirwa kwakakosha uye kugadzirisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-27-2023