Yonke imoto yesimanje inesiqalisi sikagesi esinikeza ukuqala kweyunithi yamandla.Ingxenye ebalulekile ye-starter isethi yamabhulashi anikezela ugesi wamanje ku-armature.Funda mayelana namabhulashi okuqala, inhloso kanye nomklamo wawo, kanye nokuxilonga nokushintshwa esihlokweni sethulwe.
Inhloso kanye nendima yamabhulashi kusiqalisi sikagesi
Ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje ezifakwe izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi, umsebenzi wokuqalisa iyunithi yamandla uxazululwa kusetshenziswa isiqalisi sikagesi.Kule ngxenye yekhulu leminyaka edlule, abaqalayo abakaze benze izinguquko ezibalulekile: isisekelo somklamo yimoto kagesi ehlangene futhi elula ye-DC, enezelwa i-relay kanye nomshini wokushayela.I-Starter motor iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Ukuhlanganiswa komzimba nge-stator;
-Ihange;
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhulashi.
I-stator yingxenye engaguquki yemoto kagesi.Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ama-stators ka-electromagnetic, lapho insimu kazibuthe idalwe khona ngama-winding field.Kodwa ungathola futhi iziqalisi ezinama-stators asekelwe kuzibuthe ezivamile ezihlala njalo.I-armature iyingxenye ehambayo ye-motor kagesi, iqukethe ama-windings (ngamathiphu we-pole), umhlangano wokuqoqa kanye nezingxenye zokushayela (amagiya).Ukuzungezisa kwe-armature kunikezwa ukusebenzisana kwezinkundla kazibuthe ezakhiwe eduze kwe-armature kanye nama-stator windings lapho kusetshenziswa i-electric current kuzo.
I-brush assembly iyinhlangano yemoto kagesi ehlinzeka ngokuthintwa okuslayidayo nge-armature ephathekayo.Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhulashi kuqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa eziyinhloko - amabhulashi kanye nesibambi sebhulashi esibamba amabhulashi endaweni yokusebenza.Amabhulashi acindezelwa ngokumelene nomhlangano wokuqoqa izikhali (uhlanganisa inqwaba yamapuleti ethusi okuyizinto ezithintana nama-windings we-armature), okuqinisekisa ukutholakala okungapheli kwamandla kuma-windings we-armature ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwawo.
Amabhulashi okuqala abalulekile futhi abalulekile okufanele achazwe kabanzi.
Izinhlobo kanye nomklamo wama-starter blades
Ngokwesakhiwo, wonke amabhulashi okuqala ayafana ngokuyisisekelo.Ibhulashi elivamile linezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Ibhulashi elibunjwe ngezinto ezithambile zokuqhuba;
- Umqhubi we-Flexible (noma ngaphandle kwe-terminal) ukuhlinzeka ngamanje.
Ibhulashi liyi-parallelepiped elibunjwe kusuka ezintweni ezikhethekile zokuqhuba ezisekelwe ku-graphite.Njengamanje, amabhulashi okuqala enziwe ngezinto ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Electrographite (EG) noma i-graphite yokwenziwa.Impahla etholwe ngokucindezela nangokugazinga ku-coke noma ezinye izinto zokuqhuba ezisekelwe ku-carbon ne-hydrocarbon binder;
- Izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe ku-graphite ne-metal powder.Amabhulashi e-copper-graphite asetshenziswa kakhulu acindezelwa kusuka ku-graphite ne-copper powder.
Amabhulashi e-copper-graphite asetshenziswa kakhulu.Ngenxa yokufakwa kwethusi, amabhulashi anjalo anokumelana okuncane kagesi futhi amelana kakhulu nokugqoka.Amabhulashi anjalo anezithiyo eziningana, okuyinhloko okuwumphumela okhuphukile we-abrasive, okuholela ekwandeni kokugqoka kwe-armature manifold.Kodwa-ke, umjikelezo wokusebenza we-starter uvame ukuba mfushane (kusuka emashumini ambalwa amasekhondi ukuya emaminithini ambalwa ngosuku), ngakho ukuguga kwe-manifold kuhamba kancane.
Ikhondaktha eyodwa noma ezimbili eziguquguqukayo ze-cross-section enkulu ziqinile emzimbeni webhulashi.Ama-conductor ayithusi, aboshwe, alukwe ngezintambo ezincane ezimbalwa (okunikeza ukuguquguquka).Kumabhulashi weziqalisi zamandla aphansi, i-conductor eyodwa kuphela evame ukusetshenziswa, kumabhulashi weziqalisi zamandla aphezulu, amakhondakta amabili agxilile ezinhlangothini eziphambene zebhulashi (ngokuhlinzeka ngokufana kwamanje).Ukufakwa komqhubi kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa umkhono wensimbi (piston).I-conductor ingaba yize noma ifakwe i-insulated - konke kuncike ekuklanyweni kwesiqalisi esithile.Itheminali ingatholakala ekugcineni kwekhondatha ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka.Ama-conductor kumele aguquguquke, okuvumela ibhulashi ukuthi lishintshe isikhundla ngesikhathi sokugqoka nangesikhathi sokusebenza kokuqala, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuthintana ne-manifold.
Amabhulashi amaningana asetshenziswa ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile inombolo yawo 4, 6 noma 8. Kulesi simo, ingxenye yamabhulashi ixhunywe "emhlabathini", kanti enye ingxenye i-stator windings.Lokhu kuxhumana kuqinisekisa ukuthi uma i-relay yokuqalisa ivuliwe, okwamanje isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kuma-winding stator kanye nama-armature windings.
Amabhulashi aqondiswe kusibambi sebhulashi ngendlela yokuthi ngesikhathi ngasinye i-current isetshenziswe kumawindi athile e-armature.Ibhulashi ngalinye licindezelwa ku-multifold ngokusebenzisa isiphethu.Umnikazi webhulashi, kanye namabhulashi, iyunithi ehlukile, okuthi, uma kudingekile ukulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni samabhulashi, ingahlakazwa futhi ifakwe kalula endaweni.
Ngokuvamile, amabhulashi okuqala alula kakhulu, ngakho anokwethenjelwa futhi aqinile.Nokho, zidinga ukunakekelwa kanye nokulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinkinga zokuxilonga nokulungiswa kwamabhulashi okuqala
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, amabhulashi okuqala abhekana nokuguga njalo kanye nemithwalo kagesi ebalulekile (ngesikhathi sokuqala injini, i-current of 100 kuya ku-1000 noma ngaphezulu i-ampere igeleza ngamabhulashi), ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyancipha ngosayizi futhi iwa.Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokuxhumana nomqoqi, okusho ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwayo yonke isiqalo.Uma i-starter iqala ukusebenza kabi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inganikezi isivinini esidingekayo sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft noma ingavuli nhlobo, khona-ke kufanele uhlole ukudluliselwa kwayo, isimo soxhumana nabo bakagesi futhi, ekugcineni, amabhulashi.Uma konke kuhlelekile nge-relay kanye noxhumana nabo, futhi isiqalisi singasebenzi kahle ngisho nalapho sixhunywe ebhethri, sidlula i-relay, khona-ke inkinga kufanele ifunwe emabhulashini.
Ukuxilonga nokushintsha amabhulashi, isiqalisi kufanele sihlakazwe futhi sihlakazwe, ngokuvamile, ukuhlakazwa kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Khumula amabhawodi abambe isembozo sangemuva sesiqalisi;
- Susa ikhava;
- Susa zonke izimpawu kanye nezinsimbi (imvamisa kuba nama-O-rings amabili, i-clamp kanye ne-gasket ku-starter);
- Khipha ngokucophelela isibambi sebhulashi ku-armature manifold.Kulokhu, amabhulashi azokhishwa yiziphethu, kodwa akukho okubi okuzokwenzeka, ngoba izingxenye ziphethwe abaqhubi abaguquguqukayo.
Manje udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwamabhulashi, uhlole izinga lokugqoka nobuqotho.Uma amabhulashi anokugqoka ngokweqile (abe nobude obufushane kunalokho okunconywe umenzi), ukuqhekeka, ama-kinks noma omunye umonakalo, khona-ke kufanele ashintshwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isethi ephelele yamabhulashi ishintsha ngokushesha, njengoba amabhulashi amadala angase ahluleke maduzane futhi ukulungiswa kuzodingeka kwenziwe futhi.
Ukudilizwa kwamabhulashi kuyenziwa kuye ngohlobo lokuqiniswa kwawo.Uma ama-conductor ethengiswa nje, kufanele usebenzise i-soldering iron.Uma kukhona amatheminali kumakhondakta, khona-ke ukudilizwa nokufakwa kwehliselwa ekubeni kukhululwe / kufakwe izikulufu kuzikulufu noma amabhawodi.Ukufakwa kwamabhulashi amasha kwenziwa ngokulandelana, kuyilapho kudingekile ukuqapha ukuthembeka koxhumana nabo kagesi.
Ngemva kokushintsha amabhulashi, i-starter ihlanganiswa ngokulandelana, futhi yonke iyunithi ifakwe endaweni yayo evamile.Amabhulashi amasha anengxenye yokusebenza eyisicaba, ngakho-ke "azobe egijima" izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngaleso sikhathi isiqalisi kufanele sigwenywe emithwalweni eyengeziwe.Esikhathini esizayo, amabhulashi okuqala awadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokugcinwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2023