Imodoka yose igezweho ifite amashanyarazi atanga intangiriro yumuriro wamashanyarazi.Ikintu cyingenzi cyintangiriro ni urwego rwohasi rutanga amashanyarazi kuri armature.Soma ibyerekeranye no gutangira guswera, intego yabyo nigishushanyo, kimwe no gusuzuma no gusimbuza ingingo yatanzwe.
Intego ninshingano za brushes mumashanyarazi atangira
Mubinyabiziga byinshi bigezweho bifite moteri yaka imbere, umurimo wo gutangiza amashanyarazi ukemurwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi.Mu binyejana byashize bishize, abitangira ntibahindutse cyane: ishingiro ryigishushanyo ni moteri yoroheje kandi yoroshye ya DC yamashanyarazi, yunganirwa na relay hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwara.Moteri itangira igizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi:
- Inteko yumubiri hamwe na stator;
-Anchor;
- Koza inteko.
Stator nigice cyagenwe cya moteri yamashanyarazi.Ibikoreshwa cyane ni electromagnetic stators, aho umurima wa magneti ukorwa numurima uhindagurika.Ariko urashobora kandi kubona intangiriro hamwe na stator zishingiye kuri magnesi zisanzwe zihoraho.Armature nigice cyimuka cya moteri yamashanyarazi, kirimo guhindagurika (hamwe ninama za pole), guteranya kwegeranya no gutwara ibice (ibikoresho).Kuzenguruka kwa armature bitangwa no guhuza imirima ya magnetiki ikozwe hafi ya armature na stator ihindagurika iyo amashanyarazi akoreshwa kuri bo.
Inteko ya brush ninteko yamashanyarazi itanga itumanaho hamwe na armature yimukanwa.Iteraniro rya brush rigizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi - guswera hamwe na brush ifite icyuma gifata umwanda mu mwanya wakazi.Umuringa ukanda ku nteko yo gukusanya armature (igizwe nisahani nyinshi zumuringa aribwo buryo bwo guhuza imiyoboro ya armature), ituma itangwa ryigihe cyose ryumuyaga kuri armature mugihe cyo kuzunguruka.
Gutangira gusya nibyingenzi nibyingenzi bigomba gusobanurwa muburyo burambuye.
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cyintangiriro
Mu buryo bwubaka, ibishishwa byose bitangira birasa.Brush isanzwe igizwe nibice bibiri byingenzi:
- Koza ibumba bivuye mu bikoresho byoroshye;
- Umuyoboro woroshye (ufite cyangwa udafite terminal) kugirango utange amashanyarazi.
Brush ni paralelepiped ibumbabumbwe mubintu bidasanzwe byayobora bishingiye kuri grafite.Kugeza ubu, guswera gutangira bikozwe mubikoresho bibiri byingenzi:
- Electrographite (EG) cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera.Ibikoresho byabonetse mukanda no kotsa muri kokiya cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bitwara bishingiye kuri karubone na hydrocarubone;
- Ibigize bishingiye kuri grafite nifu yicyuma.Byinshi mubikoresha umuringa-grafitike ukanda kuri grafite na poro yumuringa.
Byakoreshejwe cyane umuringa-grafite.Bitewe no gushiramo umuringa, ubwo burusiya bufite imbaraga nke zo kurwanya amashanyarazi kandi birwanya kwambara.Bene ubwo burusiya bufite ibibi byinshi, ibyingenzi ningaruka ziyongera zo gukuramo, biganisha ku kwambara kwinshi kwa armature.Nyamara, imikorere yimikorere yintangiriro mubisanzwe ni mugufi (kuva kumasegonda make kugeza kuminota mike kumunsi), kubwibyo kwambara kwinshi biratinda.
Imiyoboro imwe cyangwa ibiri yoroheje ya cross-section yashyizweho neza mumubiri wa brush.Abayobora ni umuringa, uhambiriye, uboshye mu nsinga nyinshi (zitanga ibintu byoroshye).Kuri brux kuri power-power itangira, umuyoboro umwe gusa niwo ukunze gukoreshwa, kuri brusse kubatangira imbaraga nyinshi, imiyoboro ibiri yashyizwe kumpande zinyuranye za brush (kubitangwa rimwe).Gushyira kiyobora mubisanzwe bikorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma (piston).Kiyobora irashobora kuba yambaye ubusa cyangwa ikingiwe - byose biterwa nigishushanyo mbonera cyatangiye.Terminal irashobora kuboneka kumpera yuyobora kugirango byoroshye kwishyiriraho.Abayobora bagomba guhinduka, byemerera guswera guhindura imyanya mugihe cyo kwambara no mugihe cyo gutangira, nta gutakaza umubonano na manifold.
Amashanyarazi menshi akoreshwa mugutangira, mubisanzwe umubare wabo ni 4, 6 cyangwa 8. Muri iki gihe, kimwe cya kabiri cyoguswera gihujwe n "" ubutaka ", ikindi gice kijyanye na stator.Ihuza ryemeza ko mugihe itangira ryerekanwe, icyerekezo gikoreshwa icyarimwe kuri stator ihindagurika hamwe na armature.
Umuringa werekeza muri brush ufite muburyo buri mwanya wigihe cyumuvuduko ukoreshwa kuri armature zimwe.Buri brush ikanda kuri manifold ikoresheje isoko.Ufashe brush, hamwe na brux, nigice cyihariye, iyo, nibiba ngombwa gusana cyangwa gusimbuza umuyonga, birashobora gusenywa kandi bigashyirwa muburyo bworoshye.
Muri rusange, gutangira guswera biroroshye cyane, kubwibyo byizewe kandi biramba.Ariko, bakeneye kandi kubungabunga no gusana buri gihe.
Ibibazo byo kwisuzumisha no gusana amashanyarazi yo gutangira
Mugihe cyo gukora, guswera gutangira gukorerwa kwambara no gutwara ibintu byinshi byamashanyarazi (mugihe cyo gutangira moteri, umuyoboro wa amperes 100 kugeza 1000 cyangwa zirenga zinyura mumashanyarazi), mugihe rero bigabanuka mubunini no gusenyuka.Ibi birashobora gutuma umuntu atakaza umubonano nuwakusanyije, bivuze kwangirika mubikorwa byintangiriro yose.Niba intangiriro itangiye gukora nabi mugihe, ntabwo itanga umuvuduko ukenewe wumuvuduko wikizunguruka cya crankshaft cyangwa ntigifunguye na gato, noneho ugomba kugenzura relay yayo, imiterere yumuriro wamashanyarazi, hanyuma, hanyuma.Niba ibintu byose bikurikiranye hamwe na relay hamwe na contact, kandi intangiriro idakora neza niyo yaba ihujwe na bateri, ikarenga relay, noneho ikibazo kigomba gushakishwa muri brux.
Kugirango usuzume kandi usimbuze umwanda, intangiriro igomba gusenywa no gusenywa, muri rusange, gusenya bikorwa kuburyo bukurikira:
- Kuramo ibimera bifata igifuniko cyinyuma cyintangiriro;
- Kuraho igifuniko;
- Kuraho kashe zose hamwe na clamps (mubisanzwe hariho O-impeta ebyiri, clamp na gasketi mugitangira);
- Witonze ukureho brush ufashe kuri armature manifold.Muri iki gihe, umwanda uzasunikwa n'amasoko, ariko ntakintu kibi kizabaho, kubera ko ibice bifitwe nabayobora byoroshye.
Noneho ugomba gukora igenzura ryerekanwa rya brux, gusuzuma urwego rwo kwambara nubunyangamugayo.Niba ibishishwa bifite imyenda ikabije (bifite uburebure burenze ibyo byasabwe nuwabikoze), ibice, kinks cyangwa ibindi byangiritse, noneho bigomba gusimburwa.Byongeye kandi, ibyuzuye byuzuye byahindutse ako kanya, kubera ko ibishaje bishaje bishobora kunanirwa vuba kandi gusana bigomba kongera gukorwa.
Gusenya ibishishwa bikorwa bitewe n'ubwoko bwabo bwo gufunga.Niba abayobora bagurishijwe gusa, ugomba gukoresha icyuma.Niba hari ama terinal ku bayobora, noneho gusenya no kwishyiriraho bigabanuka kugeza kudacukumbura / guswera mu byuma cyangwa kuri bolts.Gushyira amashanyarazi mashya bikorwa muburyo butandukanye, mugihe ari ngombwa gukurikirana ubwizerwe bwumuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Nyuma yo gusimbuza ibishishwa, itangira riteranijwe muburyo butandukanye, kandi igice cyose gishyizwe mumwanya wacyo usanzwe.Amashanyarazi mashya afite igice gikora, kuburyo azaba "yiruka" muminsi myinshi, icyo gihe intangiriro igomba kwirindwa kumitwaro yiyongereye.Mugihe kizaza, guswera gutangira ntibisaba ubwitonzi bwihariye no kububungabunga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2023