Ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yangoku, xa imoto ijika, ukukhanya okumhlophe okukhethekileyo kufuneka kutshise.Ukusebenza komlilo kulawulwa ngumtshintshi obuyela umva owakhelwe kwibhokisi yegiya.Esi sixhobo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza kwayo, kunye nokukhetha kwayo kunye nokutshintshwa kwayo kuchazwe kwinqaku.
Injongo kunye nendima yokutshintsha umva
Ukuguqula ukuguqulwa (i-VZH, i-flashlight / i-reversing light switch, i-sensor yokuguqula, i-jarg. "i-frog") - iqhosha-uhlobo lokutshintsha isixhobo esakhiwe kwi-gearbox yokuhanjiswa kunye nolawulo lwe-manual (iibhokisi ze-gearbox);ukutshintshela umda woyilo olukhethekileyo, oluphathiswe imisebenzi yokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo kwisekethe yombane yesibane sokubuyisela umva xa i-gear ejikelezayo ivuliwe kwaye icinyiwe.
I-VZX ibekwe ngqo kwi-gearbox kwaye idibana neendawo ezihambayo.Esi sixhobo sinemisebenzi elandelayo:
- Ukuvala i-reversal light circuit xa i-lever ihanjiswa kwindawo "R";
- Ukuvula i-reversal light circuit xa i-lever idluliselwa kwindawo "R" kuyo nayiphi na enye;
- Kwezinye izithuthi kunye noomatshini abahlukeneyo - ukutshintshela iisekethe ze-alarm yesandi esincedisayo esilumkisa ukubuyisela umva (ukuguqula i-buzzer okanye esinye isixhobo esenza isandi esibonakalayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izibane ezongezelelweyo).
I-VZKh iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokukhanyisa ukukhanya kwesithuthi, ukuba ingasebenzi kakuhle okanye iyala, isohlwayo solawulo ngendlela yesohlwayo sinokumiselwa kumqhubi.Ke ngoko, utshintsho olungalunganga kufuneka lutshintshwe, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uye kwivenkile yezixhobo zemoto, kufuneka uqonde uyilo, ukusebenza kunye neempawu zala malungu.
Iindidi, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kokutshintsha umva
Izitshixo ezibuyisela umva ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zinoyilo olufanayo ngokusisiseko, lwahluke kuphela kwiinkcukacha ezithile kunye neempawu.Isiseko sesixhobo yintsimbi yentsimbi eyenziwe ngobhedu, intsimbi okanye ezinye ii-alloys ezichasene ne-corrosion.Umzimba unehexagon ye-turnkey kunye nentambo yokuxhoma kwi-crankcase ye-gearbox.Kukho iqhosha kwicala lentambo, iqela loqhagamshelwano eliqhagamshelwe kwiqhosha lifakwe ngaphakathi kwimeko, kwaye umva wecala uhlanganiswe nekhava yeplastiki kunye neeterminals.Kwakhona, intambo yesibini yokwandisa ububanzi inokwenziwa kwizindlu kwicala le-terminal, esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amanye amacandelo.
Amaqhosha eVZX anokuba ziindidi ezimbini zoyilo:
● I-Spherical (i-short-stroke);
● I-Cylindrical (i-long-stroke);
Kwizixhobo zohlobo lokuqala, ibhola eyenziwe ngetsimbi okanye ezinye izinyithi, ifakwe ngokuyinxenye emzimbeni, ngokuqhelekileyo iqhosha elinjalo line-stroke engekho ngaphezu kwe-2 mm.Kwizixhobo zodidi lwesibini, i-cylinder yensimbi okanye iplastiki (ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-30 mm okanye ngaphezulu ubude) isebenza njengeqhosha, ngokuqhelekileyo i-stroke yayo ifikelela kwi-4-5 mm okanye ngaphezulu.Iqhosha lalo naluphi na uhlobo lubekwe kwi-protrusion yomzimba wensimbi yokutshintsha, idibaniswe ngokungqongqo kumnxibelelwano ohambayo weqela loqhagamshelwano.Iqhosha lilayishwe entwasahlobo, eliqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco ivula xa i-reverse gear ichithwa.
Ukutshintsha iqhosha elingqukuva
Tshintshela ngeqhosha lecylindrical
Umtshintshi uqhagamshelwe kubonelelo oluphambili lwesithuthi ngesinxibelelanisi esiqhelekileyo (zombini eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-bayonet - iswivel) kunye nemela / i-pin contacts, usebenzisa i-screw clamps okanye i-pin enye / i-knife terminals.Izixhobo ezineziqhagamshelo zohlobo lokuqala zixhunywe kwiibhloko ezisemgangathweni, iingcingo ezine-insulation ezisusiweyo zixhunywe kwizixhobo zodidi lwesibini, kwaye i-terminal yokukhwelana enye yohlobo "lomama" ixhunyiwe kwizixhobo zodidi lwesithathu.Kukho kwakhona i-VZKhS eneziqhagamshelo zombane ezibekwe kwi-wire harness.
Kwiimpawu eziphambili zeVZKh, kufuneka kuqatshelwe:
● I-voltage yokubonelela - i-12 okanye i-24 volts;
● Ukulinganisa okwangoku - ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ngaphezu kwe-2 amperes;
● Ubungakanani bentambo - uchungechunge olubanzi kakhulu lwe-M12, i-M14, i-M16 kunye ne-thread pitch ye-1.5 mm (engaphantsi kwe-1 mm);
● Ubungakanani be-turnkey yi-19, 21, 22 kunye ne-24 mm.
Ekugqibeleni, zonke i-VZKh zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ngokusebenza - ezikhethekileyo kunye nendalo yonke.Kwimeko yokuqala, ukutshintshwa kufakwe kuphela kwibhokisi yegiya kwaye isebenze ukutshintshela ukuguqulwa kwesiphaluka sokukhanya (kunye ne-alamu yesandi esihambelanayo).Kwimeko yesibini, ukutshintshwa kungasetyenziselwa ukutshintshela iisekethe ezahlukahlukeneyo - izibane ezibuyisela umva, izibane zebhuleki, umhluli kunye nabanye.
Ukufaka iswitshi ebuyela umva kwibhokisi yegiya nge-O-ring
I-VZX ikrwelwe kumngxunya owenziweyo olungiselelwe wona, owenziwe kwi-crankcase yebhokisi yegiya, uqhagamshelo lwetywina lwenziwa kusetyenziswa iwasha yentsimbi, irabha okanye i-silicone iringi.Iqhosha lokutshintsha libekwe kumngxunya we-gearbox crankcase, linxibelelana neendawo ezihambayo zendlela yokukhetha igiya-ihlala iyintonga yefolokhwe ebuyela umva.Xa i-gear reverse icinyiwe, isiqu sefoloko sikumgama othile ukusuka kwiswitshi, ngenxa yamandla entwasahlobo, iqhosha liyandiswa ukusuka kwindlu, iqela loqhagamshelwano livuliwe - akukho nto ihamba ngokujikeleza kwisekethe yokubuyisela umva. isibane nesibane asicimi.Xa i-reverse gear ibandakanyeka, isiqu sefolokhwe siphumle ngokuchasene neqhosha, lihlanjululwe kwaye likhokelela ekuvalweni kwabafowunelwa - okwangoku iqala ukuhamba ngesekethe kwaye isibane sikhanyisa.Ngaloo ndlela, ukutshintshela ukubuyisela umva kusebenza njengokutshintsha kwe-push-button ngaphandle kwezikhundla zokutshixa, kodwa ukuyila kwayo kunika ukuchasana neoli yegesi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini.
Imiba yokhetho kunye nokulungiswa kokutshintsha umva
Njengoko besichazile ngaphambili, i-VZH engasebenziyo okanye engasebenzi kakuhle inokubangela isohlwayo.Inyaniso kukuba ubukho kunye nokusebenza kwesibane esibuyisela umva kuzo zonke izithuthi zilawulwa yimigangatho yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe (ngokukodwa, iGOST R 41.48-2004, iMithetho ye-UNECE No. 48, kunye nabanye), kunye nomhlathi 3.3 we "Uluhlu lwe ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunye neemeko apho ukusebenza kwesithuthi kungavunyelwanga" kubonisa ukungenakwenzeka kokuqhuba imoto ngokusebenza ngokungalunganga okanye izibane ezingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo.Yiyo loo nto impazamo yokutshintsha umva kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokubona ukungasebenzi kwayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeempazamo zesiphaluka - ukulahleka koqhagamshelwano kwiqela loqhagamshelwano kunye nesiphaluka esifutshane kwiqela loqhagamshelwano.Kwimeko yokuqala, isibane asikhanyisi xa i-reverse gear ibandakanyeka, kwimeko yesibini, isibane sihlala sihlala okanye ngamaxesha xa i-gear reverse icinyiwe.Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukutshintshwa kufuneka kuhlolwe kunye nomvavanyi okanye i-probe elula, kwaye ukuba kufunyenwe ukungasebenzi kakuhle, buyisela isixhobo (ngenxa yeempawu zoyilo, akukho ngqiqo ukulungisa iswitshi - kulula kwaye ingabizi ngokupheleleyo. yibuyisele).
Ukugqiba ngempumelelo ukulungiswa, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha umtshintshi wohlobo olufanayo kunye nemodeli (inombolo yekhathalogu) efakwe kwibhokisi ngumenzi wayo - le ndlela yodwa yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yonke.Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana utshintsho olufanelekileyo, ungazama ukukhetha i-analogue ehambelana neempawu zombane (kwi-voltage ye-12 okanye i-24 volts), imilinganiselo yokufakela (iiparamitha zentambo, imilinganiselo yomzimba, uhlobo kunye nemilinganiselo yeqhosha, njl.njl.), uhlobo lwesinxibelelanisi sombane, njl.
Umsebenzi wokutshintsha iiswitshi kulula kakhulu, nangona zineempawu zazo.Ngokukodwa, ukutshintshwa kwesixhobo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kuba xa kuchithwa iswitshi endala kwibhokisi yegiya, ukuvuza kweoyile (kungekhona kuzo zonke iibhokisi).Kwakhona, xa ufaka umtshini omtsha, kufuneka unakekele i-O-ring, ngaphandle koko kuya kubakho ukulahleka kweoli rhoqo, egcwele umonakalo kwibhokisi yegiya.Ukuba ulandela imiyalelo yokulungisa isithuthi kunye nezi ngcebiso, ukutshintshwa kuya kutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi - kudibaniswa nokukhetha okufanelekileyo kwenxalenye entsha, oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kokukhanya okubuyisela umva.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023