Kusan dukkan manyan motoci na cikin gida da bas-bas suna amfani da tuƙin wuta, wanda dole ne a sanye da tankuna na ƙira iri-iri.Karanta game da tankunan famfo masu sarrafa wutar lantarki, nau'ikan da suke da su, ayyuka da fasalulluka na ƙira, kiyayewa da gyarawa a cikin labarin.
Makasudi da aikin tankin famfo mai sarrafa wutar lantarki
Tun daga shekarun 1960, yawancin manyan motoci da bas-bas na cikin gida an sanye su da injin sarrafa wutar lantarki (GUR) - wannan tsarin ya sauƙaƙa aikin manyan injuna, rage gajiya da haɓaka aikin aiki.Tuni a wancan lokacin, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu don tsarin tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki - tare da tanki daban kuma tare da tanki da ke kan gidan famfo na wutar lantarki.A yau, ana amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan biyu da yawa, waɗanda za a tattauna a ƙasa.
Ba tare da la'akari da nau'i da ƙira ba, duk tankunan famfo na wutar lantarki suna da ayyuka masu mahimmanci guda biyar:
- Adana ya wadatar don aikin sarrafa wutar lantarki na ajiyar ruwa;
- Tsaftace ruwan aiki daga lalacewa na kayan sarrafa wutar lantarki - wannan aikin yana warware shi ta hanyar ginanniyar tacewa;
- Ramuwa don haɓakar thermal na ruwa yayin aiki mai aiki na tuƙin wutar lantarki;
- Diyya ga ƙananan ɗigon ruwan tuƙi;
- Sakin ƙara matsa lamba a cikin tsarin lokacin da tacewa ya toshe, tsarin yana watsawa ko kuma idan matsakaicin matakin mai ya tashi.
Gabaɗaya, tafki yana tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na famfo da duka tuƙin wutar lantarki.Wannan bangare yana da alhakin ba kawai don adana kayan da ake buƙata na man fetur ba, har ma yana tabbatar da samar da wutar lantarki ba tare da katsewa ba, tsaftacewa, aiki da sarrafa wutar lantarki har ma da rufewa mai yawa na tacewa, da dai sauransu.
Nau'i da tsarin tankuna
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, a halin yanzu, ana amfani da manyan nau'ikan tankuna guda biyu na wutar lantarki:
- Tankuna da aka saka kai tsaye a jikin famfo;
- Raba tankunan da aka haɗa da famfo ta hoses.
Tankuna na farko irin sanye take da motocin KAMAZ (tare da KAMAZ injuna), ZIL (130, 131, model range "Bychok" da sauransu), "Ural", KrAZ da sauransu, kazalika da bas LAZ, LiAZ, PAZ, NefAZ. da sauransu.A cikin duk waɗannan motoci da bas, ana amfani da tankuna iri biyu:
- Oval - ana amfani dashi galibi akan manyan motocin KAMAZ, Ural, manyan motocin KrAZ da bas;
- Cylindrical - ana amfani dashi galibi akan motocin ZIL.
A tsari, duka nau'ikan tankuna iri ɗaya ne.Tushen tanki shine jiki mai hatimi na ƙarfe tare da saitin ramuka.Daga sama, tankin yana rufe da murfi (ta hanyar gasket), wanda aka gyara tare da ingarma da aka ratsa ta cikin tanki da goro (ZIL) ko kuma dogon bolt (KAMAZ).An dunƙule ingarma ko ƙulli a cikin zaren da ke kan famfo da yawa, wanda yake a ƙasan tanki (ta hanyar gasket).Manifold da kansa yana riƙe da kusoshi huɗu da aka zuga a cikin zaren da ke jikin famfo, waɗannan kusoshi suna gyara tanki gaba ɗaya akan famfo.Don rufewa, akwai gasket ɗin rufewa tsakanin tanki da gidan famfo.
A cikin tankin akwai matattara, wanda ake saka shi kai tsaye a kan mashin ɗin famfo (a cikin manyan motocin KAMAZ) ko kuma a kan mashin shigar (a cikin ZIL).Akwai nau'ikan filtata guda biyu:
- Mesh - jerin abubuwan tace ragar raga ne da aka haɗa a cikin kunshin, tsarin tace ana haɗe shi da bawul ɗin aminci da bazara.Ana amfani da waɗannan matatun a farkon gyare-gyaren motoci;
- Takarda - matatun siliki na yau da kullun tare da sashin tace takarda, ana amfani da su akan gyare-gyaren mota na yanzu.
Murfin famfo yana da wuyan filler tare da filogi, rami don ingarma ko kusoshi, da kuma rami don hawa bawul ɗin aminci.Ana shigar da matattarar filler a ƙarƙashin wuyansa, wanda ke ba da tsaftacewar farko na ruwan tuƙi da aka zuba a cikin tanki.
A cikin bangon tanki, kusa da kasansa, akwai shigar da shigar ciki, a cikin tanki ana iya haɗa shi da tacewa ko zuwa mashin famfo.Ta hanyar wannan dacewa, ruwan da ke aiki yana gudana daga silinda mai amfani da wutar lantarki ko tara zuwa cikin matatar tanki, inda aka tsaftace shi kuma a ciyar da shi zuwa sashin fitarwa na famfo.
Ana amfani da tankuna daban akan motocin KAMAZ tare da Cummins, injunan MAZ, da kuma bas ɗin da aka ambata a baya na yawancin gyare-gyare na yanzu.Wadannan tankuna sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Tankuna masu hatimin ƙarfe na farkon da yawancin samfuran motoci da bas;
- Tankunan filastik na zamani na gyare-gyaren motoci da bas.
Tankuna na ƙarfe yawanci suna da siffar cylindrical, suna dogara ne akan jikin da aka hatimi tare da kayan abinci da kayan shaye-shaye (yawan shaye-shaye yana samuwa a gefe, abin sha - a cikin ƙasa), wanda aka rufe tare da murfi.Ana gyara murfi ta ingarma da goro da ke wucewa ta cikin tanki duka, don rufe tanki, an shigar da murfi ta hanyar gasket.A cikin tanki akwai tacewa tare da nau'in tace takarda, ana danna matattarar a kan madaidaicin shigar da ruwa (wannan duka tsarin yana samar da bawul mai aminci wanda ke tabbatar da kwararar mai a cikin tanki lokacin da tacewa ya toshe).A kan murfi akwai wuyan filler tare da tacewa.A kan wasu nau'ikan tankuna, an yi wuyansa a bango.
Tankuna na filastik na iya zama cylindrical ko rectangular, yawanci ba su da rabuwa.A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren tanki, ana jefa kayan aiki don haɗa hoses na tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki, a cikin wasu nau'ikan tankuna, ana iya samun dacewa ɗaya a bangon gefe.A cikin bangon sama akwai wuyan filler da murfin tacewa (don maye gurbin shi idan akwai toshe).
Ana aiwatar da shigar da tankuna na nau'ikan guda biyu a kan maƙallan musamman tare da taimakon ƙwanƙwasa.Wasu tankunan ƙarfe suna ɗauke da wani sashi wanda aka kulle a cikin injin injin ko a wani wuri mai dacewa.
Tankuna na kowane iri suna aiki iri ɗaya.Lokacin da injin ya tashi, man da ke cikin tanki ya shiga cikin famfo, ya wuce ta tsarin ya dawo cikin tanki daga bangaren tacewa, a nan an tsaftace shi (saboda matsi da famfo ya gaya wa mai) sannan ya sake shiga cikin famfo.Lokacin da tace ta toshe, matsin mai a cikin wannan rukunin yana tashi kuma a wani lokaci ya shawo kan karfin matsi na bazara - tacewa yana tashi kuma mai yana gudana cikin sauƙi a cikin tanki.A wannan yanayin, ba a tsabtace mai ba, wanda ke cike da haɓakar haɓakar sassan sarrafa wutar lantarki, don haka dole ne a maye gurbin tacewa da wuri-wuri.Idan matsin lamba ya tashi a cikin tafki mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ko kuma ruwa ya cika da ruwa mai yawa, ana haifar da bawul ɗin aminci wanda ta hanyar fitar da mai mai yawa.
Gabaɗaya, tankunan famfo masu sarrafa wutar lantarki suna da sauƙi kuma abin dogaro a cikin aiki, amma kuma suna buƙatar kulawa na lokaci-lokaci ko gyara.
Batutuwa na kulawa da gyaran tankunan famfun wutar lantarki
Lokacin aiki da mota, ya kamata a bincika tanki don ƙima da mutunci, da kuma ƙarfin haɗin kai zuwa famfo ko zuwa bututun.Idan an sami fasa, leaks, lalata, nakasa mai tsanani da sauran lalacewa, ya kamata a maye gurbin taron tanki.Idan an sami haɗe-haɗe masu ɗigo, dole ne a maye gurbin gaskets ko kuma a sake ɗaure hoses zuwa kayan aiki.
Don maye gurbin tanki, wajibi ne don zubar da ruwa daga wutar lantarki, da kuma rushewa.Hanyar cire tanki ya dogara da nau'insa:
- Don tankuna da aka ɗora a kan famfo, kuna buƙatar tarwatsa murfin (cire kullun / rago) kuma ku kwance ƙugiya huɗu da ke riƙe da tanki kanta da manifold akan famfo;
- Don tankuna guda ɗaya, cire matsi ko cire kusoshi daga sashin.
Kafin shigar da tanki, duba duk gaskets, kuma idan suna cikin rashin lafiya, shigar da sababbi.
Tare da mita 60-100 dubu kilomita (dangane da samfurin wannan mota na musamman da kuma zane na tanki), dole ne a canza ko tsaftace tacewa.Dole ne a maye gurbin matatun takarda, tarwatsewa, tarwatsa, wankewa da tsaftacewa.
Yana da mahimmanci don sake cika kayan mai da kyau kuma duba matakin mai a cikin tanki.Zuba ruwa a cikin tanki kawai lokacin da injin yana gudana kuma yana aiki, kuma an shigar da ƙafafun madaidaiciya.Don cikawa, wajibi ne don kwance filogi kuma cika tanki tare da mai sosai zuwa matakin da aka ƙayyade (ba ƙasa ba kuma ba mafi girma ba).
Ayyukan da ya dace na sarrafa wutar lantarki, sauyawa na yau da kullum na tacewa da kuma maye gurbin tanki na lokaci-lokaci shine tushen ingantaccen aiki na sarrafa wutar lantarki a kowane yanayi.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-24-2023