Cishe wonke amaloli asekhaya namabhasi asebenzisa ukuqondisa kukagesi, okumele kufakwe amathangi emiklamo ehlukahlukene.Funda mayelana namathangi epompo yokuqondisa amandla, izinhlobo zawo ezikhona, ukusebenza nezici zedizayini, ukugcinwa nokulungisa esihlokweni.
Inhloso kanye nokusebenza kwethangi lepompo lokuqondisa amandla
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960, amaloli amaningi afuywayo namabhasi ahlonyiswe nge-power steering (GUR) - lolu hlelo lusiza kakhulu ukusebenza kwemishini esindayo, lwanciphisa ukukhathala futhi lwandisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi.Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona izinketho ezimbili zokuhlelwa kwesistimu yokuqondisa amandla - enethangi elihlukile kanye nethangi elibekwe phezu kwendlu yepompo yokuqondisa amandla.Namuhla, zombili izinketho zisetshenziswa kabanzi, okuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni nomklamo, wonke amathangi epompo yokuqondisa amandla anemisebenzi emihlanu ebalulekile:
- Isitoreji sanele ekusebenzeni kwesiteringi samandla se-liquid reserve;
- Ukuhlanza uketshezi olusebenzayo emikhiqizweni egqokiwe yezingxenye zokuqondisa amandla - lo msebenzi uxazululwa isici sokuhlunga esakhelwe ngaphakathi;
- Isinxephezelo sokwanda okushisayo koketshezi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okusebenzayo kwesiteringi samandla;
- Isinxephezelo sokuvuza okuncane koketshezi oluqondisayo lwamandla;
- Ukukhishwa kwengcindezi eyengeziwe ohlelweni lapho isihlungi sivalekile, isistimu isakazwa noma uma izinga eliphezulu likawoyela likhuphuka.
Ngokuvamile, i-reservoir iqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwepompo kanye nawo wonke amandla okuqondisa.Le ngxenye ayinasibopho sokugcina ukunikezwa kwamafutha okudingekayo kuphela, kodwa futhi iqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwayo okungaphazamiseki kupompo, ukuhlanza, ukusebenza kwesiqondiso samandla ngisho nokuvala ngokweqile kwesihlungi, njll.
Izinhlobo kanye nokwakheka amathangi
Njengoba sekushiwo, okwamanje, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaphampu okuqondisa amandla asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo:
- Amathangi afakwe ngqo emzimbeni wepompo;
- Amathangi ahlukene axhunywe kwipompo ngamapayipi.
Amathangi ohlobo lokuqala afakwe izimoto ze-KAMAZ (ezinezinjini ze-KAMAZ), i-ZIL (130, 131, imodeli yohlu "Bychok" nabanye), "Ural", KrAZ nabanye, kanye namabhasi LAZ, LiAZ, PAZ, Nefaz nabanye.Kuzo zonke lezi zimoto namabhasi, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zamathangi:
- Oval - esetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emalolini e-KAMAZ, ama-Urals, amaloli e-KrAZ namabhasi;
- I-Cylindrical - esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ze-ZIL.
Ngokwesakhiwo, zombili izinhlobo zamathangi ziyafana ngokuyisisekelo.Isisekelo sethangi siwumzimba ogxiviziwe wensimbi oneqoqo lezimbobo.Ukusuka ngenhla, ithangi livalwe ngesembozo (nge-gasket), ehlanganiswe ne-stud edluliselwe ethangini kanye ne-lamb nut (ZIL) noma i-bolt ende (KAMAZ).I-stud noma ibhawodi lijikijelwa entanjeni ku-pump manifold, etholakala ngaphansi kwethangi (nge-gasket).I-manifold ngokwayo ibanjwe amabhawodi amane ajikijelwe emiculweni esemzimbeni wephampu, lawa mabhawodi alungisa lonke ithangi empompini.Ukuze uvalwe, kukhona i-gasket yokuvala phakathi kwethangi nendlu yepompo.
Ngaphakathi ethangini kunesihlungi, esifakwe ngqo kwi-pump manifold (emalolini e-KAMAZ) noma ekufakweni kwe-inlet (ku-ZIL).Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlunga:
- I-Mesh - iwuchungechunge lwezinto zokuhlunga ezinezikhala eziyindilinga ezihlanganiswe ephaketheni, ngokwesakhiwo isihlungi sihlanganiswe nevalvu yokuphepha kanye nentwasahlobo yayo.Lezi zihlungi zisetshenziswa ekulungisweni kusenesikhathi kwezimoto;
- Iphepha - izihlungi ezijwayelekile ze-cylindrical ezinesici sokuhlunga iphepha, ezisetshenziswa ekulungisweni kwemoto yamanje.
Isembozo sepompo sinentamo yokugcwalisa enepulaki, imbobo ye-stud noma i-bolt, kanye nomgodi wokufaka i-valve yokuphepha.Isihlungi se-mesh filler sifakwe ngaphansi kwentamo, esihlinzeka ngokuhlanzwa okuyinhloko koketshezi lokuqondisa amandla oluthelwa ethangini.
Odongeni lwethangi, eduze nangaphansi kwalo, kukhona i-inlet fitting, ngaphakathi kwethangi ingaxhunywa kusihlungi noma ku-pump manifold.Ngalokhu kuhlanganisa, uketshezi olusebenzayo lugeleza lusuka kusilinda samandla kahydraulic noma i-rack luye kusihlungi sethangi, lapho luhlanzwa futhi luphakelwe engxenyeni yokukhipha empompini.
Amathangi ahlukene asetshenziswa ezimotweni ze-KAMAZ ezine-Cummins, izinjini ze-MAZ, kanye nasemabhasini ashiwo ngaphambili okulungiswa okuningi kwamanje.Lawa amathangi ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Amathangi anezitembu zensimbi zamamodeli asekuqaleni namanje amaningi ezimoto namabhasi;
- Amathangi epulasitiki esimanje okulungiswa kwamanje kwezimoto namabhasi.
Amathangi ensimbi ngokuvamile anesimo se-cylindrical, asekelwe emzimbeni ogxiviziwe ngokufaka nokukhipha (i-exhaust ngokuvamile itholakala eceleni, i-intake - ngezansi), evaliwe ngesivalo.Isembozo silungiswa yi-stud namantongomane adlula kuwo wonke ithangi, ukuze uvale ithangi, isembozo sifakwe nge-gasket.Ngaphakathi kwethangi kukhona isihlungi esinesici sokuhlunga iphepha, isihlungi sicindezelwa ngokumelene ne-inlet fitting nge-spring (sonke lesi sakhiwo sakha i-valve yokuphepha eqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamafutha ethangini lapho isihlungi sivalekile).Esembozweni kukhona intamo yokugcwalisa ngesihlungi sokugcwalisa.Kwamanye amamodeli amathangi, intamo yenziwa odongeni.
Amathangi epulasitiki angaba yi-cylindrical noma ama-rectangular, ngokuvamile awahlukaniseki.Engxenyeni engezansi yethangi, ukufakwa kuphonswa ukuxhuma ama-hoses wesistimu yokuqondisa amandla, kwamanye amamodeli amathangi, ukufakwa okukodwa kungatholakala odongeni oluseceleni.Odongeni olungaphezulu kukhona intamo yokugcwalisa kanye nesembozo sokuhlunga (ukuyishintsha uma kwenzeka ukuvala).
Ukufakwa kwamathangi azo zombili izinhlobo kwenziwa kubakaki abakhethekile ngosizo lwama-clamps.Amanye amathangi ensimbi aphatha ubakaki oboshelwe endaweni yenjini noma kwenye indawo elula.
Amathangi azo zonke izinhlobo asebenza ngendlela efanayo.Lapho injini iqala, amafutha avela ethangini angena empompini, adlule ohlelweni futhi abuyele ethangini kusukela ohlangothini lokuhlunga, lapha ayahlanzwa (ngenxa yokucindezela ukuthi ipompo itshela amafutha) futhi iphinde ingene epompo.Lapho isihlungi sivalekile, umfutho kawoyela kuleyunithi uyakhuphuka futhi ngesikhathi esithile unqoba amandla okucindezela entwasahlobo - isisefo siyakhuphuka futhi uwoyela ugeleze ngokukhululekile ethangini.Kulesi simo, amafutha awahlanjululwa, agcwele ukugqoka okusheshayo kwezingxenye zokuqondisa amandla, ngakho-ke isihlungi kufanele sishintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Uma ingcindezi ikhuphuka endaweni yephampu yokuqondisa amandla noma uketshezi oluningi lugcwele amanzi, i-valve yokuphepha iyaqaliswa lapho kukhishwa khona uwoyela oweqile.
Ngokuvamile, amathangi epompo yokuqondisa amandla alula kakhulu futhi anokwethenjelwa ekusebenzeni, kodwa futhi adinga ukulungiswa noma ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinkinga zokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwamathangi epompo yokuqondisa amandla
Lapho usebenzisa imoto, ithangi kufanele lihlolwe ukuqina nobuqotho, kanye nokuqina kokuxhumeka kwepompo noma kumapayipi.Uma kutholakala ukuqhekeka, ukuvuza, ukugqwala, ukuguqulwa okukhulu kanye nomunye umonakalo, umhlangano wethangi kufanele ushintshwe.Uma ukuxhuma okuvuzayo kutholakala, ama-gaskets kufanele ashintshwe noma amapayipi kufanele aboshwe kabusha kuma-fittings.
Ukushintsha ithangi, kuyadingeka ukukhipha uketshezi esiqondisweni samandla, bese uqaqa.Inqubo yokukhipha ithangi incike ohlotsheni lwalo:
- Kumathangi afakwe empompini, udinga ukuqaqa ikhava (khulula ibhawudo / iwundlu) futhi ukhulule amabhawodi amane abambe ithangi ngokwalo kanye ne-manifold epompo;
- Emathangini ngamanye, khipha i-clamp noma ukhulule amabhawudi kubakaki.
Ngaphambi kokufaka ithangi, hlola wonke ama-gaskets, futhi uma esesimweni esibi, faka amasha.
Ngemvamisa ye-60-100 km eyizinkulungwane (kuye ngokuthi imodeli yale moto kanye nomklamo wethangi), isihlungi kufanele sishintshwe noma sihlanzwe.Izihlungi zamaphepha kufanele zishintshwe, izihlungi kufanele zihlakazwe, zihlakazwe, ziwashwe futhi zihlanzwe.
Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa kahle ukunikezwa kwamafutha futhi uhlole izinga lamafutha ethangini.Thela uketshezi ethangini kuphela lapho injini isebenza futhi ingenzi lutho, futhi amasondo efakwe aqondile.Ukuze ugcwalise, kuyadingeka ukukhulula ipulaki bese ugcwalisa ithangi ngamafutha ngokuqinile ezingeni elishiwo (hhayi eliphansi futhi elingaphezulu).
Ukusebenza kahle kokuqondisa kwamandla, ukushintshwa okuvamile kwesihlungi kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwethangi ngesikhathi esifanele kuyisisekelo sokusebenza okuthembekile kokuqondisa kwamandla kunoma yiziphi izimo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-24-2023