Mumotokari dzine hydraulic braking system, main uye vhiri mabhureki masilinda anoita basa rakakosha.Verenga pamusoro pekuti chii chinonzi brake cylinder, ndeapi marudzi emasilinda aripo, kuti akarongwa sei uye anoshanda sei, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwakarurama, kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa kwezvikamu izvi munyaya.
Brake cylinder - mabasa, marudzi, maitiro
Brake cylinder ndiro zita rakajairika rekutonga uye ma actuators emabhureki masisitimu emota dzinofambiswa ne hydraulically.Pane zvishandiso zviviri zvakasiyana mukugadzira uye chinangwa:
• Brake master silinda (GTZ);
• Wheel (kushanda) brake silinda.
GTZ ndiyo inodzora chinhu cheiyo yese mabhureki system, mavhiri cylinders ma actuators anomhanyisa mabhureki evhiri.
GTZ inogadzirisa matambudziko akati wandei:
• Shanduko yesimba remagetsi kubva kubhureki pedal kupinda mukumanikidzwa kwemvura inoshanda, iyo inokwana kutyaira iyo actuators;
• Kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwemvura yekushanda muhurongwa;
• Kuchengetedza kushanda kwemabhureki kana paine kurasikirwa kwekusimba, kuvuza uye mune mamwe mamiriro;
• Kufambisa kutyaira (nebrake booster).
Masilinda evaranda ane basa rimwechete rakakosha - dhiraivha yemabhureki evhiri kana uchibhureki mota.Zvakare, izvi zvikamu zvinopa chikamu chekudzoka kweGTZ kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga kana mota yaburitswa.
Nhamba uye nzvimbo yemasilinda zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemotokari uye nhamba yeaxles.Iyo brake master silinda imwe, asi yakawanda-chikamu.Huwandu hwemasilinda anoshanda anogona kuenzana nenhamba yemavhiri, kaviri kana katatu kupfuura (pakuisa maviri kana matatu masilinda pavhiri).
Kubatanidzwa kwemavhiri mabhureki kuGTZ kunoenderana nerudzi rwemotokari.
Mumotokari dzinodhonza kumashure:
• Dunhu rekutanga - mavhiri epamberi;
• Dunhu rechipiri ndiro mavhiri ekumashure.
Yakajairika dhizaini ye brake system yemotokari
Kubatana kwakabatana kunogoneka: kana paine macylinders maviri ekushanda pane rimwe gumbo remberi, rimwe rawo rakabatana nedunhu rekutanga, rechipiri kune rechipiri, rinoshanda pamwe chete nemabhureki ekumashure.
Pamberi-mavhiri motokari:
• Dunhu rekutanga - kurudyi pamberi uye kuruboshwe mavhiri kumashure;
• Dunhu rechipiri - kuruboshwe kumberi uye kurudyi kumashure mavhiri.
Zvimwe zvigadziriso zvebhureki zvinogona kushandiswa, asi zvirongwa zviri pamusoro ndizvo zvakajairika.
Dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kwebrake master cylinder
Master brake cylinders akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemaseketi (zvikamu):
• Single-circuit;
• Kaviri-dunhu.
Single-circuit cylinders haasati ashandiswa nhasi, anogona kuwanikwa pane dzimwe mota dzekare.Huzhinji hwemotokari dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa nembiri-yedunhu GTZ - kutaura zvazviri, aya macylinders maviri mumuviri mumwe anoshanda paautonomous brake circuits.Iyo mbiri-yedunhu braking system inoshanda zvakanyanya, yakavimbika uye yakachengeteka.
Zvakare, iwo master silinda akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana nekuvapo kwebrake booster:
• Pasina amplifier;
• Nevacuum brake booster.
Mota dzemazuva ano dzakashongedzerwa neGTZ ine yakasanganiswa vacuum brake booster, iyo inofambisa kutonga uye inowedzera kushanda kweiyo system yese.
Dhizaini yeiyo main brake booster iri nyore.Inobva pane yakakandwa cylindrical body, mune maviri pistons akaiswa imwe mushure meimwe - ivo vanogadzira zvikamu zvinoshanda.Iyo yepamberi piston yakabatanidzwa netsvimbo kune bhureki booster kana zvakananga kune iyo brake pedal, yekumashure piston haina hukama hwakasimba nechemberi, pakati pavo pane tsvimbo pfupi uye chitubu.Muchikamu chepamusoro checylinder, pamusoro pechikamu chimwe nechimwe, pane nzira dzekupfuura uye dzekubhadhara, uye imwe kana maviri pombi inobuda muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chekubatanidza kumatunhu anoshanda.Iyo brake fluid reservoir yakaiswa pahumburumbira, yakabatana kune zvikamu uchishandisa bypass uye muripo nzira.
GTZ inoshanda sezvinotevera.Paunodzvanya brake pedal, pamberi pepiston inoshanduka, inovhara nzira yekubhadhara, semhedzisiro iyo dunhu rinovharwa uye kumanikidza kwemvura inoshanda kunowedzera mairi.Kuwedzera kwekumanikidza kunoita kuti piston yekumashure ifambe, inovharawo nzira yekubhadhara uye inomanikidza mvura inoshanda.Kana mapistoni ari kufamba, nzira dzekunzvenga dziri muhumburumbira dzinogara dzakavhurika, saka mvura inoshanda inozadza zvakasununguka mapako akaumbwa kuseri kwemapistoni.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudzvanywa mumasekete ese eiyo brake system kunowedzera, pasi pesimba rekumanikidza uku, vhiri brake cylinders inokonzereswa, kusunda mapadhi - mota inononoka.
Kana gumbo rekutsika richibviswa, mapistoni anowanzo dzokera kunzvimbo yavo yepakutanga (izvi zvinopihwa nezvitubu), uye zvitubu zvekudzoka zvemapadhi anomanikidza macylinders anoshanda anobatsirawo kune izvi.Zvisinei, mvura inoshandiswa inopinda mumakomba kuseri kwepistoni muGTZ kuburikidza nemigwagwa yekupfuura haibvumiri mapistoni kuti adzokere pakarepo panzvimbo yawo yepakutanga - nekuda kweizvi, kusunungurwa kwemabhureki kuri nyore, uye sangano rinoshanda zvakavimbika.Kana uchidzokera kunzvimbo yekutanga, mapistoni anovhura nzira yekubhadhara, semugumisiro wekuti kudzvinyirira mumasekete ekushanda kunofananidzwa nemhepo yemhepo.Kana iyo brake pedal ikasunungurwa, mvura inoshanda kubva mudura inopinda zvakasununguka mumasekete, iyo inobhadhara kuderera kwehuwandu hwemvura nekuda kwekudonha kana zvimwe zvikonzero.
Dhizaini yebrake master cylinder inovimbisa kushanda kweiyo sisitimu kana kudonha kwemvura inoshanda mune imwe yemasekete.Kana kuputika kunoitika munharaunda yekutanga, ipapo piston yedunhu rechipiri inotungamirirwa zvakananga kubva papiston yedunhu rekutanga - tsvimbo inokosha inopiwa kune izvi.Kana kudonha kukaitika mudunhu rechipiri, saka kana iwe ukadzvanya brake pedal, iyi piston inozorora pamagumo ecylinder uye inopa kuwedzera kwemvura kudzvinyirirwa mudunhu rekutanga.Muzviitiko zviviri izvi, kufamba kwepedal kunowedzera uye kushanda kwebhureki kunoderera zvishoma, saka kusashanda kunofanirwa kubviswa nekukurumidza.
Iyo vacuum brake booster zvakare ine yakapusa dhizaini.Iyo yakavakirwa pane yakavharwa cylindrical body, yakakamurwa ne membrane mumakamuri maviri - yekumashure vacuum uye kumberi kwemhepo.Iyo vacuum kamuri yakabatana neinjini yekutora manifold, saka kuderedzwa kudzvanywa kunogadzirwa mairi.Imba yemuchadenga yakabatana nechannel kune vacuum, uye zvakare yakabatana nemhepo.Makamuri akaparadzaniswa nevhavha yakasungirirwa pa diaphragm, tsvimbo inopfuura nepakati pese amplifier, iyo yakabatanidzwa kune brake pedal kune rumwe rutivi, uye inozorora pane brake master cylinder kune imwe.
Nheyo yekushanda kweamplifier ndeyotevera.Kana iyo pedal isati yakamanikidzwa, makamuri ose ari maviri anotaurirana kuburikidza nevhavha, kuderera kwakaderera kunoonekwa mavari, musangano wose haugoneki.Kana simba rinoshandiswa kune pedal, valve inobvisa makamuri uye panguva imwechete inobatanidza kamuri yepamberi nemhepo - semugumisiro, kudzvinyirira mairi kunowedzera.Nekuda kwemusiyano wekumanikidza mumakamuri, diaphragm inofamba ichienda kukamuri yevacuum - izvi zvinogadzira rimwe simba padzinde.Neiyi nzira, iyo vacuum booster inoita kuti zvive nyore kudzora mabhureki nekudzikisira kuramba kweiyo pedal paunodzvanya.
Dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kwemavhiri brake cylinders
Brake muranda cylinders akakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri:
• Zvemabhureki egubhu;
• Nokuti dhisiki vhiri mabhureki.
Masilinda evaranda mune zvigubhu mabhureki zvikamu zvakazvimirira izvo zvakaiswa pakati pemapadhi uye shuwa yekuwedzera kwavo panguva yekubhureki.Masilinda anoshanda edhisiki mabhureki akabatanidzwa mune mabrake calipers, anopa kudzvanywa kwepadhi kune disc panguva yebhureki.Zvimiro, zvikamu izvi zvine misiyano yakakura.
Ivhiri bhureki silinda yedhiramu mabhureki mune yakapusa kesi ichubhu (yakakandwa muviri) ine mapiston akaiswa kubva kumagumo, pakati payo pane gomba remvura inoshanda.Kunze kwekunze, mapistoni ane nzvimbo dzekurovera dzekubatanidza nemapadhi, kudzivirira kubva pakusvibiswa, mapistoni akavharwa nemachira anovharika.Zvakare kunze kwakakodzera kubatanidza kune brake system.
Iyo brake cylinder ye disc brakes i cylindrical cavity mu caliper umo piston inopinzwa kuburikidza neO-ring.Kudivi rekuseri kwepiston kune chiteshi chine chakakodzera chekubatanidza kune dunhu reiyo brake system.Iyo caliper inogona kubva kune imwe kusvika kumatatu macylinders emhando dzakasiyana.
Mavhiri brake cylinders anoshanda zviri nyore.Kana mabhureki, kudzvanywa kwedunhu kunowedzera, mvura inoshanda inopinda muhumburumbira uye inosundira piston.Mapistoni echigubhu brake cylinder anosundirwa munzira dzakasiyana, imwe neimwe inotyaira padhi yayo.Iwo caliper pistons anobuda mumakomba awo uye anodzvanya (zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga, kuburikidza neakakosha mashini) iyo padhi kune chigubhu.Kana mabhureki amira, kumanikidzwa kwedunhu kunoderera uye pane imwe nguva simba rezvitubu zvekudzoka rinova rakakwana kudzorera mapistoni kunzvimbo yavo yepakutanga - motokari inosunungurwa.
Kusarudzwa, kutsiva uye kugadzirisa kwebrake cylinders
Pakusarudza zvikamu zviri mubvunzo, zvinodikanwa kunyatso kuomerera kune zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari.Paunenge uchiisa masilinda emhando yakasiyana kana mhando, mabhureki anogona kukanganisa, izvo zvisingagamuchirwi.
Panguva yekushanda, tenzi nevaranda masilinda haadi kuchengetwa kwakakosha uye anoshanda pasina matambudziko kwemakore mazhinji.Kana kushanda kwemabhureki kana hurongwa hwese huchidzikira, zvinodikanwa kuongorora masilinda uye, kana ikasashanda zvakanaka, ingoitsiva.Zvakare, nguva nenguva unofanirwa kutarisa chiyero chebhureki fluid mune reservoir uye, kana zvichidikanwa, zadzisa iyo.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-21-2023