Kwizithuthi ezine-hydraulic braking system, iisilinda eziphambili kunye nevili zidlala indima ephambili.Funda malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-cylinder ye-brake, zeziphi iintlobo zeesilinda ezikhoyo, zilungelelaniswe njani kwaye zisebenza njani, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezi nxalenye kwinqaku.
I-cylinder ye-Brake - imisebenzi, iintlobo, iimpawu
I-Brake cylinder ligama eliqhelekileyo lolawulo kunye ne-actuators ye-brake systems yezithuthi eziqhutywa ngamanzi.Kukho izixhobo ezibini ezahlukileyo kuyilo kunye nenjongo:
• Ibrake master cylinder (GTZ);
• Iisilinda zeebhuleki zamavili (ezisebenzayo).
I-GTZ yeyona nto ilawula i-brake system iyonke, iisilinda zamavili zizii-actuators ezisebenza ngqo kwiziqhoboshi zevili.
I-GTZ isombulula iingxaki ezininzi:
• Ukuguqulwa kwamandla omatshini ukusuka kwi-pedal ye-brake ukuya kuxinzelelo lolwelo olusebenzayo, olwaneleyo ukuqhuba ii-activators;
• Ukuqinisekisa inqanaba elingaguqukiyo lolwelo olusebenzayo kwisixokelelwano;
• Ukugcina ukusebenza kweziqhoboshi kwimeko yokulahlekelwa kukuxinana, ukuvuza kunye nakwezinye iimeko;
• Ukuququzelela ukuqhuba (nge-brake booster).
Iisilinda zamakhoboka zinomsebenzi omnye ongundoqo-ukuqhuba kweziqhoboshi zevili xa uqhobosha isithuthi.Kwakhona, la macandelo abonelela ngembuyekezo eyinxenye ye-GTZ kwindawo yayo yokuqala xa isithuthi sikhululwa.
Inani kunye nendawo yeesilinda kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemoto kunye nenani le-axles.Ibrake master cylinder yenye, kodwa inamacandelo amaninzi.Inani leesilinda ezisebenzayo zinokulingana nenani lamavili, kabini okanye kathathu ngaphezulu (xa ufaka iisilinda ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwivili).
Ukudityaniswa kweziqhoboshi zamavili kwi-GTZ kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokuqhuba kwesithuthi.
Kwizithuthi ezihamba ngasemva:
• Isekethe yokuqala - amavili angaphambili;
• Isekethe yesibini ngamavili angasemva.
Umzobo oqhelekileyo wenkqubo ye-brake yemoto
Uqhagamshelwano oludibeneyo lunokwenzeka: ukuba kukho iisilinda ezimbini ezisebenzayo kwivili ngalinye langaphambili, enye yazo ixhunyiwe kwisiphaluka sokuqala, okwesibini ukuya kweyesibini, isebenza kunye neebhuleki zangasemva.
Kwizithuthi ezihamba ngamavili angaphambili:
• Isekethe yokuqala - amavili angasemva ngasekunene nangasekhohlo;
• Isekethe yesibini - amavili angasemva asekhohlo nasekunene.
Olunye uqwalaselo lwesiqhoboshi lunokusetyenziswa, kodwa ezi zikimu zingentla zezona zixhaphakileyo.
Uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwe-brake master cylinder
Iisilinda ze-brake master zahlulwe ngokwamaqela amabini ngokwenani leesekethe (amacandelo):
• Isekethe enye;
• Ukujikeleza kabini.
Iisilinda zesekethe enye azisetyenziswanga namhlanje, zinokufumaneka kwezinye iimoto ezindala.Uninzi lweemoto zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe nge-GTZ-eyesibini-enyanisweni, ezi zisilinda ezimbini kumzimba omnye osebenza kwiisekethe ze-brake ezizimeleyo.Inkqubo yokuqhoboshwa kweesekethe ezimbini isebenza kakuhle, ithembekile kwaye ikhuselekile.
Kwakhona, iisilinda eziphambili zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokobukho be-booster brake:
• Ngaphandle kweamplifier;
• Ngevacuum brake booster.
Iimoto zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe nge-GTZ ene-booster ye-vacuum edibeneyo ye-vacuum, eyenza kube lula ukulawula kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yonke.
Uyilo lwe-booster ephambili ye-brake ilula.Isekelwe kumzimba we-cylindrical owenziweyo, apho kukho iipiston ezimbini ezifakwe enye emva komnye - zenza amacandelo asebenzayo.I-piston yangaphambili ixhunywe ngentonga kwi-booster ye-brake okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pedal ye-brake, i-piston yangasemva ayinalo uxhulumaniso oluqinileyo kunye nephambili, phakathi kwabo kukho intonga emfutshane kunye nentwasahlobo.Kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-cylinder, ngaphezu kwecandelo ngalinye, kukho i-bypass kunye nemijelo yembuyekezo, kwaye enye okanye imibhobho emibini iphuma kwicandelo ngalinye ukuze udibanise kwiisekethe zokusebenza.I-reservoir ye-brake fluid ifakwe kwi-cylinder, ixhunywe kumacandelo ngokusebenzisa i-bypass kunye nemijelo yembuyekezo.
I-GTZ isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Xa ucinezela i-pedal ye-brake, i-piston yangaphambili iyatshintsha, ivimbela ishaneli yembuyekezo, ngenxa yoko isiphaluka sitywinwa kwaye uxinzelelo lwamanzi asebenzayo luyanda kuyo.Ukunyuka koxinzelelo kubangela ukuba i-piston yangasemva ihambe, iphinda ivale umjelo wembuyekezo kwaye icinezele ulwelo olusebenzayo.Xa iipiston zihamba, iziteshi ze-bypass kwi-cylinder zihlala zihlala zivulekile, ngoko ke ulwelo olusebenzayo luzalisa ngokukhululekile imingxuma eyenziwe emva kweepiston.Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo kwiisekethe zombini zenkqubo ye-brake yanda, phantsi kwempembelelo yolu xinzelelo, iisilinda ze-brake zevili zibangelwa, zityhala iipads - isithuthi sinciphisa.
Xa umlenze we-pedal ususiwe, iipistons zivame ukubuyela kwindawo yazo yangaphambili (oku kunikezelwa yimithombo), kunye nemithombo yokubuya kweepads ezicinezela iisilinda ezisebenzayo nazo zinegalelo kule nto.Nangona kunjalo, ulwelo olusebenzayo olungena kwimingxuma emva kweepistons kwi-GTZ ngokusebenzisa i-bypass channels aluvumeli ukuba iipiston zibuyele ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yazo yangaphambili - ngenxa yoku, ukukhululwa kweebhuleki kuhambe kakuhle, kwaye inkqubo isebenza ngokuthembekileyo.Xa ubuyela kwindawo yokuqala, iipiston zivula umjelo wembuyekezo, ngenxa yoko uxinzelelo kwiisekethe zokusebenza lufaniswa noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric.Xa i-pedal ye-brake ikhutshwe, ulwelo olusebenzayo olusuka kwi-reservoir lungena ngokukhululekileyo kwiisekethe, ezihlawulela ukuhla kwexabiso le-fluid ngenxa yokuvuza okanye ngenxa yezinye izizathu.
Uyilo lwe-brake master cylinder luqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwimeko yokuvuza kwamanzi asebenzayo kwenye yeesekethe.Ukuba ukuvuza kwenzeka kwisekethe ephambili, ke i-piston yesekethe yesibini iqhutywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-piston yesiphaluka sokuqala - intonga ekhethekileyo inikezelwa kule nto.Ukuba ukuvuza kwenzeka kwisekethe yesibini, ngoko xa ucinezela i-pedal ye-brake, le piston iphumla ekupheleni kwe-cylinder kwaye ibonelela ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwe-fluid kwisiphaluka sokuqala.Kuzo zombini iimeko, ukuhamba kwe-pedal kwandisa kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-braking kunciphisa kancane, ngoko ukungasebenzi kufuneka kupheliswe ngokukhawuleza.
I-vacuum brake booster nayo inoyilo olulula.Isekelwe kumzimba we-cylindrical otywiniweyo, owahlulwe yinwebu ibe ngamagumbi amabini - i-vacuum yangasemva kunye ne-atmospheric yangaphambili.Igumbi le-vacuum liqhagamshelwe kwi-injini yokungena ngeendlela ezininzi, ngoko ke uxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo lwenziwa kulo.Igumbi le-atmospheric lixhunywe ngumjelo kwi-vacuum, kwaye iphinde idibaniswe nomoya.Amagumbi ahlulwe ngevalve efakwe kwi-diaphragm, intonga idlula kwi-amplifier yonke, edityaniswe ne-pedal ye-brake ngakwesinye isandla, kwaye iphumle kwi-brake master cylinder kwelinye.
Umgaqo wokusebenza kwe-amplifier ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Xa i-pedal ingaxinzeki, zombini amagumbi anxibelelana ngevalve, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lubonwa kubo, yonke indibano ayisebenzi.Xa amandla asetyenziswa kwi-pedal, i-valve ikhupha amagumbi kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lidibanisa igumbi langaphambili kwi-atmosphere - ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo kulo luyanda.Ngenxa yokuhluka koxinzelelo kumagumbi, i-diaphragm ivame ukuhamba ukuya kwigumbi lokucoca - oku kudala amandla ongezelelweyo kwisiqu.Ngale ndlela, i-vacuum booster yenza kube lula ukulawula iibhuleki ngokunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwe-pedal xa uyicinezela.
Uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kweesilinda ze-wheel brake
Iisilinda zamakhoboka eBrake zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini:
• Ngeziqhoboshi zamavili egubu;
• Ngeziqhoboshi zamavili ediski.
Iisilinda zekhoboka kwi-drum brakes ziyinxalenye ezizimeleyo ezifakwe phakathi kweepads kwaye ziqinisekisa ukwandiswa kwazo ngexesha lokuqhawula.Iisilinda ezisebenzayo zeebhuleki ze-disc zihlanganiswe kwii-calipers ze-brake, zibonelela ngoxinzelelo lweepads kwi-disc ngexesha lokuqhawula.Ngokwesakhiwo, la malungu anomahluko omkhulu.
I-cylinder ye-wheel brake ye-drum brakes kwimeko elula yityhubhu (umzimba ophosiweyo) kunye neepistons ezifakwe ukusuka ekupheleni, phakathi kwayo kukho umngxuma wokusebenza kwamanzi.Ngaphandle, iipistons zineendawo ezityhalwayo zokudibanisa kunye neepads, ukukhusela ekungcoleni, iipiston zivaliwe ngee-caps elastic.Kwakhona ngaphandle kukulungelelaniswa noqhagamshelo kwinkqubo yebrake.
I-cylinder ye-brake ye-disc brakes yi-cylindrical cavity kwi-caliper apho i-piston ifakwe kwi-O-ring.Kwicala elingasemva lepiston kukho umjelo ofanelekileyo wokudibanisa kwisekethe ye-brake system.I-caliper ingaba ne-cylinders enye ukuya kweyesithathu yobubanzi obuhlukeneyo.
Iziqhoboshi zevili zisebenza ngokulula.Xa i-braking, uxinzelelo kwisiphaluka luyanda, i-fluid esebenzayo ingena kwi-cylinder cavity kwaye iqhube ipiston.Iipiston ze-drum brake cylinder zityhalwa kwicala elichaseneyo, nganye kuzo iqhuba i-pad yayo.I-caliper pistons iphuma kwimingxuma yazo kwaye icinezele (ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, ngokusebenzisa indlela ekhethekileyo) i-pad kwi-drum.Xa i-braking iyeka, uxinzelelo kwisekethe luyancipha kwaye ngexesha elithile amandla okubuyisela amanzi anele ngokwaneleyo ukubuyisela iipiston kwindawo yazo yokuqala - isithuthi sikhululwa.
Ukukhethwa, ukutshintshwa kunye nokugcinwa kweesilinda zeebhuleki
Xa ukhetha iinxalenye ezichaphazelekayo, kuyimfuneko ukunamathela ngokuthe ngqo kwiingcebiso zomenzi wesithuthi.Xa ufaka iisilinda zemodeli eyahlukileyo okanye uhlobo, iibhuleki zisenokuwohloka, ezingamkelekanga.
Ngexesha lokusebenza, iisilinda zenkosi kunye nekhoboka azidingi ukugcinwa okukhethekileyo kwaye zisebenze ngaphandle kweengxaki iminyaka emininzi.Ukuba ukusebenza kweebhuleki okanye inkqubo yonke iyancipha, kuyimfuneko ukuxilonga iisilinda kwaye, xa zingasebenzi kakuhle, zitshintshe ngokulula.Kwakhona, ngamaxesha athile kufuneka uhlolisise inqanaba le-brake fluid kwi-reservoir kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, uzalise kwakhona.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-21-2023