Mitsinje yotuluka m'magawo otumizira ndi njira zina zagalimoto zimatha kuyambitsa kutayikira ndi kuipitsidwa kwamafuta - vutoli limathetsedwa ndikuyika zisindikizo zamafuta.Werengani zonse za zisindikizo zamafuta oyendetsa galimoto, gulu lawo, kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha zisindikizo m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi chosindikizira mafuta a actuator ndi chiyani?
Chosindikizira mafuta oyendetsa (khafu) ndi chinthu chosindikizira chamagulu osiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe amagalimoto;Chigawo cha annular chomwe chimasindikiza ma shafts, ma bearings ndi zigawo zina zozungulira pamalo awo otuluka kuchokera ku nyumba ya unit.
M'galimoto iliyonse, thirakitala ndi zipangizo zina pali mayunitsi ndi njira, kuchokera m'thupi lomwe mitsinje yozungulira imatuluka - gearboxes, gearboxes, fan drives ndi ena.Nthawi zambiri, mkati mwa mayunitsiwa mumakhala mafuta kapena mafuta, ndipo dzenje la shaft limatha kutayika komanso kuipitsidwa kwamafuta.Ntchito yosindikiza zotuluka za shafts zozungulira kunja kwa nyumba za mayunitsi zimathetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zosindikizira - zisindikizo zamafuta (ma cuffs) a drive.
Chisindikizo cha mafuta oyendetsa galimoto chimagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Kupewa kutuluka kwa mafuta ndi kutayika kwa mafuta ena m'thupi la unit kapena makina;
● Chitetezo cha makinawo kuti asalowe m'madzi, fumbi ndi zowonongeka zazikulu;
● Kuteteza mafuta kuti asaipitsidwe ndi utsi ndi mpweya wina.
Kuphwanya kukhulupirika kapena kutayika kwa chisindikizo chamafuta kumabweretsa kutayikira kwakukulu komanso kuipitsidwa kwamafuta, komwe posachedwa kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa gawo lonse.Kuti izi zitheke, chisindikizo chamafuta otopa kapena cholakwika chiyenera kusinthidwa munthawi yake.Pakusankhidwa koyenera ndikusinthanso zinthu zosindikizira, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo, kapangidwe kake komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a zosindikizira zamafuta oyendetsa
Zisindikizo zonse zamafuta zimapangidwa ngati mphete yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati U, momwe zinthu zitatu zimawonekera:
● M'kati kapena ntchito - imakhala ndi zitsulo zogwirira ntchito, chisindikizo cha mafuta chimakhala pamtengowo ndi pamwamba;
● Kunja - yosalala kapena corrugated, pamwamba pa chisindikizo cha mafuta ichi chikugwirizana ndi thupi la unit;
● Mapeto - nthawi zambiri amakhala athyathyathya, malowa amakhala ofanana ndi thupi la unit.
Chovalacho chimayikidwa pampando m'thupi la unit (bokosi lopangira zinthu) ndikukhazikika pamtengo, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, kukakamiza kwake kwa thupi ndi shaft kumatsimikiziridwa, komwe kumakwaniritsa kusindikiza.
Zisindikizo zamafuta zimagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo malinga ndi kupezeka / kusapezeka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe a ntchito.
Choyamba, zisindikizo zamafuta zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri malinga ndi kapangidwe kake:
● Zopanda fulemu;
● Ndi chimango cholimbitsa.
Zisindikizo zamafuta zamtundu woyamba zimapangidwa ngati mphete yotanuka yopangidwa ndi mphira yopangira, yomwe ili mkati mwake momwe mbali zogwirira ntchito zimapangidwira.Monga muyezo, pali mbali ziwiri zogwirira ntchito mu zisindikizo zamafuta - kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, koma chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kufika anayi.Mkati mwa mpheteyo muli kasupe wophimbidwa wokulungidwa mu mphete, yomwe imapereka mphamvu yolimba ya chisindikizo chamafuta ku shaft.
Zisindikizo zamafuta zamtundu wachiwiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri - mkati mwa mpheteyo muli chitsulo cholimbitsa chitsulo cha mawonekedwe amodzi kapena ena.Nthawi zambiri, chimango chimakhala chowongoka (mbale yokulungidwa mu mphete) kapena mawonekedwe a L, koma pali zisindikizo zamafuta zomwe zimakhala ndi mafelemu ovuta kwambiri.Zina zonse zolimbikitsidwa ndizofanana ndi zomwe sizinalimbitsidwe.
Mafuta osindikizira okhala ndi chimango cholimbitsa amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
● Ndi chimango chotsekedwa;
● Ndi chimango chopanda kanthu;
● Ndi chimango chopanda kanthu.
Pamapangidwe amtundu woyamba, chimangocho chimakhala mkati mwa mphete ya mphira ya chisindikizo chamafuta, kapena mpheteyo imaphimba mbali zonse zakunja kwa chimango.Chachiwiri, mpheteyo imaphimba mapeto ndi mbali ya kunja kwa chimango, ndipo chachitatu, chimango chimakhala chotseguka.Zisindikizo zamafuta zokhala ndi chimango cholimbikitsira pang'ono komanso chopanda kanthu zimayikidwa molimba kwambiri pampando wawo, chifukwa zimapumira motsutsana ndi thupi lachitsulo lomwe lili ndi mphete yachitsulo.Ngakhale zisindikizo zamafuta zoterezi zimapereka chisindikizo choipitsitsa, chomwe chimakakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito zosindikizira kapena zigawo zina
Kupanga kofananira kwa chisindikizo chamafuta oyendetsa
Mapangidwe a chisindikizo chamafuta osalimbikitsidwa ndi spring
Mapangidwe ndi miyeso yayikulu ya chisindikizo chamafuta cholimbikitsidwa ndi kasupe
Mphete zotanuka zamitundu yonse ya zisindikizo zamafuta zimatha kupangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphira wopangira - acrylate, fluororubber, nitrile butadiene, silikoni (organosilicon) ndi ena.Zidazi zimakhala ndi kukana kosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika komanso mafuta, koma zimakhala ndi ma coefficients ofanana a kukangana pazitsulo ndi mphamvu zamakina.
Mafuta otsekemera amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera:
● Kachidutswa kakang’ono kutsogolo kwa mpheteyo kamene kamapangitsa kuti zinthu zazikulu (miyala, ulusi, tchipisi, ndi zina zotero) zisalowe m’chisindikizo cha mafuta.Boot ikhoza kukanikizidwa motsutsana ndi shaft chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kapena mothandizidwa ndi kasupe wopotoka wowonjezera;
● corrugation ya kunja - corrugation ya mawonekedwe osavuta kapena ovuta, omwe amachititsa kuti chisindikizo cha mafuta chikhale bwino komanso chimalepheretsa kutuluka kwa mafuta pa liwiro lapamwamba komanso kutentha kumakwera;
● Ma hydrodynamic knurlings ndi notch pakatikati (yogwira ntchito).Manono opindika amayikidwa pakona kwinakwake kwa chisindikizo chamafuta, kuletsa kutayikira kwamafuta pa liwiro lalikulu la shaft.Ma notches amatha kupangidwa pamtunda wonse wamkati, kapena ngati mphete zingapo pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndi m'mphepete mwa ntchito.
Zisindikizo zamafuta zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri motsatira njira yozungulira shaft:
● Kwa ma shaft omwe amazungulira nthawi zonse;
● Kwa mitengo yozungulira yozungulira.
Zisindikizo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana mumtundu wa kugogoda kapena kusanja pamalo ogwirira ntchito.M'zisindikizo zamafuta zazitsulo zokhala ndi njira yozungulira nthawi zonse, kugwedeza kumapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a kuswa kolunjika mbali imodzi, kotero mbali zotere zimabwera ndi "kumanja" ndi "kumanzere" knurls (notches).M'zisindikizo zamafuta osinthika, notch ndi zigzag kapena zovuta kwambiri mawonekedwe.
Pomaliza, pali mitundu iwiri ya zisindikizo zamafuta oyendetsa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo:
● Yachibadwa (yokhazikika);
● Makaseti.
Zisindikizo zamafuta ochiritsira zili ndi mapangidwe omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa.Zisindikizo za makaseti zimapangidwa ngati mphete ziwiri zomwe zimayikidwa imodzi mumzake (mphete yakunja imakhazikika pamtundu wa unit ndipo imakhazikika pamtengowo, mphete yamkati imakhala kunja ndipo pang'ono imakhala pamtengo) - kapangidwe kameneka kamalimbana ndi makina akuluakulu. katundu ndipo amapereka chitetezo chabwino ku malowedwe a zonyansa.Zisindikizo za makaseti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayunitsi omwe amagwira ntchito ngati fumbi lowonjezereka komanso kuipitsa.
Pomaliza, tikuwona kuti m'magalimoto, mathirakitala ndi zida zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazisindikizo zamafuta osiyanasiyana: ma wheel shafts, shafts gearbox ndi ma gearbox, shafts fan drive ndi ena.Koma gawo lalikulu la magawowo limapezeka pamafayilo, omwe ali ndi dzina lawo.
Mapangidwe a kaseti
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha chisindikizo chamafuta oyendetsa bwino
Zisindikizo zamafuta oyendetsa zimakhala ndi zolemetsa zazikulu, zomwe pakapita nthawi zimayambitsa kuvala, kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa chisindikizocho.Ngati kutayikira kwamafuta kukuchitika, chisindikizo chamafuta chiyenera kusinthidwa, apo ayi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumachulukirachulukira ndipo chiwopsezo cha kuipitsidwa chikuwonjezeka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa magawo agawolo.Komanso, zisindikizo zamafuta ziyenera kusinthidwa molingana ndi chitukuko cha gwero - nthawi yosinthira nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa ndi wopanga unit.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokhayo ya zisindikizo zamafuta zomwe zidayikidwapo kale ndikuvomerezedwa ndi wopanga makinawo (omwe atsimikiziridwa ndi nambala yagawo mu kalozera woyambirira) ndi omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo.Nthawi zina, ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika mosamala ndikuganizira mawonekedwe a cuffs pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, zisindikizo zamafuta a ma axle shafts a ma axle oyendetsa ayenera kukhala ndi notch yosinthika (knurling), apo ayi atangoyikapo padzakhala kutayikira kwamafuta mumayendedwe ena oyendetsa kapena kutayikira kosalekeza chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chisindikizo.Kumbali ina, sizomveka kuyika chikhomo chosinthika pa fani, popeza shaft yomata imazungulira mbali imodzi.
Kusintha kwa zisindikizo zamafuta oyendetsa galimoto kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Ntchitoyi ingafunike disassembly yaikulu ya unit akukonzedwa, choncho ndi bwino kukhulupirira kwa akatswiri.Mukasintha chisindikizo nokha, muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo omwe aperekedwa mu malangizo, apo ayi pali chiopsezo chachikulu chowononga gawolo kapena kuyiyika molakwika.Kupuma kwa khafu yakale kumatha kuchitidwa ndi screwdriver wamba kapena chinthu china cholozera, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti zisawononge thupi ndi kutsinde.Ndi bwino kuyika chisindikizo chatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito mandrel apadera omwe amaonetsetsa kuti chisindikizo chamafuta chikumira mu bokosi la gland.Pamaso unsembe, khafu afewetsedwa ndi lubricant.Pomwe chisindikizo chamafuta chokhala ndi chimango chokhazikika chopanda kanthu kapena chowonekera pang'ono chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kukhudzana kwa chimango ndi thupi la unit ndi chosindikizira.Mukamaliza ntchitoyo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mafuta ku crankcase ya unit.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndikusintha chisindikizo cha mafuta oyendetsa galimoto, gawoli lidzachita ntchito zake modalirika, ntchito yake sidzasokonezedwa ndi kutayikira ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta muzochitika zilizonse zogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023