Yawancin motocin zamani suna amfani da dakatarwar iska tare da daidaitacce sigogi.Tushen dakatarwa shine bazarar iska - karanta duk game da waɗannan abubuwa, nau'ikan su, fasalulluka na ƙira da aiki, kazalika da zaɓin daidai da maye gurbin waɗannan sassa, a cikin labarin.
Menene tushen iska?
Air spring (iska spring, iska matashin iska, iska spring) - wani na roba kashi na iska dakatar da motoci;Silinda pneumatic tare da ikon canza ƙarar da rigidity, located tsakanin dabaran axle da firam / jikin motar.
Dakatarwar motocin da aka yiwa Wheeled an gina su ne akan abubuwan manyan nau'ikan guda uku - na roba, jagora da busheping.A cikin nau'ikan suspensions daban-daban, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na iya aiki azaman nau'in roba, nau'ikan lefa iri-iri na iya aiki azaman jagora (kuma a cikin dakatarwar bazara - maɓuɓɓugar ruwa iri ɗaya), masu ɗaukar girgiza na iya yin aiki azaman abin damping.A cikin dakatarwar iska ta zamani na manyan motoci da motoci, waɗannan sassa kuma suna nan, amma rawar da abubuwa na roba a cikinsu ana yin su ta hanyar silinda na musamman na iska - maɓuɓɓugan iska.
Ruwan iska yana da ayyuka da yawa:
● Isar da lokuta daga saman hanya zuwa firam / jikin motar;
● Canza tsaurin dakatarwa daidai da kaya da yanayin hanya na yanzu;
● Rarrabawa da daidaita nauyin kaya a kan ƙafafun ƙafa da ƙafafu ɗaya na mota tare da kaya marasa daidaituwa;
● Tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na abin hawa yayin tuki akan gangara, rashin daidaituwar hanya da juyawa;
● Inganta jin daɗin abin hawa yayin tuƙi akan hanyoyi da filaye daban-daban.
Wato, bazarar iska tana taka rawa iri ɗaya a cikin tsarin dakatarwar dabaran azaman bazara na al'ada ko bazara, amma a lokaci guda yana ba ku damar canza ƙarfin dakatarwa da daidaita halayensa dangane da yanayin hanya, loading, da sauransu. kafin sayen sabon iska spring, ya kamata ka fahimci data kasance iri wadannan sassa, su zane da kuma ka'idar aiki.
Nau'i, ƙira da ka'idar aiki na maɓuɓɓugan iska
A halin yanzu ana amfani da nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan iska guda uku:
● Silinda;
● Diaphragm;
● Nau'in gauraye (haɗe).
Air maɓuɓɓugan iri iri daban-daban suna da sifofin kirkirar nasu kuma sun bambanta da ka'idar aiki.
Nau'i da zane na maɓuɓɓugan iska
Silinda iska maɓuɓɓugar ruwa
Waɗannan su ne na'urori mafi sauƙi a cikin ƙira, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai akan motoci daban-daban.A tsari, irin wannan iska spring kunshi wani roba Silinda (multilayer roba-cord harsashi, kama a zane zuwa roba hoses, taya, da dai sauransu.), sandwiched tsakanin babba da ƙananan karfe goyon bayan.A cikin tallafi ɗaya (yawanci a saman) akwai bututu don samarwa da iska mai zubar jini.
Dangane da ƙirar silinda, waɗannan na'urori sun kasu kashi da yawa:
● Ganga;
● Bellows;
● Gurasa.
A cikin maɓuɓɓugan iska mai siffar ganga, ana yin silinda a cikin nau'i na silinda tare da bango madaidaiciya ko zagaye (a cikin nau'i na rabin torus), wannan shine zaɓi mafi sauƙi.A cikin na'urorin bellows, an raba silinda zuwa sassa biyu, uku ko fiye, a tsakanin abin da zoben ƙugiya ke samuwa.A cikin maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, silinda yana da corrugation tare da tsayin duka ko kuma kawai a ɓangarensa, yana iya samun zoben ɗamara da abubuwan taimako.
Ruwan iska na nau'in balloon (bellows).
Silinda-nau'in iska spring yana aiki kawai: lokacin da aka ba da iska mai matsa lamba, matsa lamba a cikin Silinda ya tashi, kuma an ɗan shimfiɗa shi a tsayi, wanda ke tabbatar da ɗaga abin hawa ko, a babban kaya, kiyaye matakin firam / jiki a matakin da aka ba shi.A lokaci guda, taurin dakatarwar kuma yana ƙaruwa.Lokacin da aka fitar da iska daga silinda, matsa lamba yana raguwa, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar nauyin, an matsa silinda - wannan yana haifar da raguwa a cikin matakin firam / jiki da raguwa a cikin tsauri na dakatarwa.
Sau da yawa, maɓuɓɓugan iska na irin wannan ana kiran su kawai iskar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.Ana iya amfani da waɗannan sassa biyu a cikin nau'i na sassa na dakatarwa na roba masu zaman kansu, kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙarin abubuwa - maɓuɓɓugan ruwa (maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan diamita suna waje da Silinda), masu ɗaukar motsi na hydraulic (ana amfani da irin waɗannan struts akan motoci, SUVs da sauran su). in mun gwada da kayan aiki masu haske), da dai sauransu.
Diaphragm iska maɓuɓɓugar ruwa
A yau, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan nau'in bazara:
● Diaphragm;
● Nau'in hannun riga na diaphragm
Ruwan iska na diaphragm ya ƙunshi ƙananan tushe na jiki da goyon baya na sama, a tsakanin abin da akwai diaphragm na igiya na roba.An zaɓi ma'auni na sassa ta hanyar da wani ɓangare na goyon baya na sama tare da diaphragm zai iya shiga cikin jikin tushe, wanda aikin wannan nau'in maɓuɓɓugan iska ya dogara.Lokacin da aka ba da iska mai matsewa zuwa gidaje, ana fitar da goyon baya na sama kuma yana ɗaga gaba ɗaya firam/jikin abin hawa.A lokaci guda, taurin dakatarwar yana ƙaruwa, kuma lokacin tuƙi akan filaye marasa daidaituwa, goyon baya na sama yana oscillates a cikin jirgin sama na tsaye, wani ɓangaren damping girgiza da girgiza.
Ruwan iska na nau'in balloon (bellows).
Ruwan iska mai nau'in hannun riga mai nau'in diaphragm yana da irin wannan tsari, amma a cikinsa ana maye gurbin diaphragm da hannun roba mai tsayi da diamita, a ciki wanda jikin tushe yake.Wannan zane zai iya canza tsayinsa mai mahimmanci, wanda ke ba ka damar canza tsayi da tsayin daka na dakatarwa a kan kewayo mai yawa.Ana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan iska na wannan ƙirar a cikin dakatarwar manyan motoci, yawanci ana amfani da su azaman sassa masu zaman kansu ba tare da ƙarin abubuwa ba.
Haɗe-haɗe maɓuɓɓugan iska
A irin waɗannan sassa, an haɗa abubuwan da ke cikin diaphragm da maɓuɓɓugan iska na balloon.Yawancin lokaci, silinda yana cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, diaphragm yana cikin ɓangaren sama, wannan bayani yana samar da damping mai kyau kuma yana ba ku damar daidaita halayen dakatarwa a cikin kewayon da yawa.Maɓuɓɓugan iskar wannan nau'in ba su da ƙarancin amfani da motoci, galibi ana samun su akan jigilar jiragen ƙasa da kuma cikin injuna na musamman daban-daban.
diaphragm iska spring
Wurin iskar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a cikin dakatarwar abin hawa
An gina dakatarwar iska akan tushen maɓuɓɓugan iskar da ke kan kowane gatari a gefen ƙafafun - a daidai wurin da aka shigar da maɓuɓɓugan madaidaiciya na al'ada da struts.A lokaci guda, dangane da nau'in abin hawa da nauyin aiki, ana iya samun nau'i daban-daban na maɓuɓɓugan iska na nau'i ɗaya ko wani a kan gatari ɗaya.
A cikin motocin fasinja, ba kasafai ake amfani da maɓuɓɓugan iska daban-daban ba - galibi waɗannan su ne struts waɗanda aka haɗa masu ɗaukar motsi na hydraulic tare da maɓuɓɓugan iska na al'ada, bellows ko corrugated iska.A kan wani axis akwai nau'i-nau'i guda biyu, suna maye gurbin kullun da aka saba da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.
A cikin manyan motoci, ana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan iska guda ɗaya na bututu da nau'ikan bellows.A lokaci guda kuma, ana iya shigar da maɓuɓɓugan iska guda biyu ko huɗu akan gaɓa ɗaya.A cikin akwati na ƙarshe, ana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan hannun riga a matsayin manyan abubuwa na roba, suna samar da canji a tsayi da tsayin daka, kuma ana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a matsayin masu taimakawa, wanda ke aiki a matsayin dampers kuma yana aiki don canza tsaurin dakatarwa a cikin. wasu iyakoki.
Maɓuɓɓugan iska wani ɓangare ne na jimlar dakatarwar iska.Ana ba da iskar da aka matsa zuwa waɗannan sassan ta hanyar bututun mai daga masu karɓa (iskar silinda) ta hanyar bawuloli da bawuloli, maɓuɓɓugan iska da duk dakatarwar ana sarrafa su daga taksi / ciki na mota ta amfani da maɓalli na musamman da maɓalli.
Yadda za a zaɓa, maye gurbin da kula da maɓuɓɓugan iska
Maɓuɓɓugan iskar kowane nau'i a yayin aikin abin hawa suna fuskantar manyan lodi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa mai ƙarfi kuma galibi yakan zama lalacewa.Mafi sau da yawa dole ne mu magance lalacewar bawoyi na roba, wanda sakamakon haka silinda ya rasa ƙarfinsa.Rushewar maɓuɓɓugan iska yana bayyana ta hanyar jujjuyawar abin hawa lokacin da aka yi fakin tare da kashe injin da kuma rashin iya daidaita tsaurin rataya.Dole ne a bincika da maye gurbin ɓangaren da ya lalace.
Ana amfani da bazara na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda aka shigar a baya don maye gurbin - sabobin da tsofaffin sassa dole ne su kasance suna da girman shigarwa iri ɗaya da halayen aiki.A yawancin motoci, dole ne ku sayi maɓuɓɓugan iska guda biyu a lokaci ɗaya, saboda ana ba da shawarar canza sassan biyu akan gatari ɗaya, koda na biyun yana da sauƙin sabis.Ana yin maye gurbin daidai da umarnin abin hawa, yawanci wannan aikin baya buƙatar mahimmancin shiga cikin dakatarwa kuma ana iya aiwatar da shi cikin sauri.A lokacin aikin mota na gaba, dole ne a bincika maɓuɓɓugan iska akai-akai, a wanke su da kuma bincikar takura.Lokacin yin aikin da ake buƙata, maɓuɓɓugan iska za su yi aiki da dogaro, tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na duk dakatarwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023