Magalimoto ambiri amakono amagwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi magawo osinthika.Maziko a kuyimitsidwa ndi kasupe wa mpweya - werengani zonse za zinthu izi, mitundu yawo, mawonekedwe ake ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndikusintha magawowa m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi kasupe wa mpweya ndi chiyani?
Air spring (air spring, air khushion, air spring) - chinthu chotanuka cha kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya wa magalimoto;silinda ya pneumatic yomwe imatha kusintha voliyumu ndi kukhazikika, yomwe ili pakati pa gudumu ndi gudumu ndi chimango / thupi lagalimoto.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa magalimoto oyenda kumamangidwa pazinthu zamitundu itatu yayikulu - zotanuka, zowongolera komanso zonyowa.M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyimitsidwa, akasupe ndi akasupe amatha kukhala ngati chinthu chotanuka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma levers imatha kukhala chiwongolero (ndipo kuyimitsidwa kwa kasupe - akasupe omwewo), zotsekemera zimatha kukhala ngati chinthu chonyowa.M'mayimidwe amakono a mpweya wa magalimoto ndi magalimoto, zigawozi ziliponso, koma ntchito ya zinthu zotanuka mwa izo imachitidwa ndi ma silinda apadera a mpweya - akasupe a mpweya.
Air spring ili ndi ntchito zingapo:
● Kutumiza kwa mphindi kuchokera pamsewu kupita ku chimango / thupi lagalimoto;
● Kusintha kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa molingana ndi katundu ndi zomwe zikuchitika pamsewu;
● Kugawa ndi kufanana kwa katundu pazitsulo zamagudumu ndi magudumu amtundu wa galimoto ndi katundu wosagwirizana;
● Kuonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo ili yokhazikika pamene ikuyendetsa m'malo otsetsereka, zolakwika za pamsewu ndi pokhota;
● Kupititsa patsogolo chitonthozo cha galimoto pamene mukuyendetsa misewu ndi malo osiyanasiyana.
Ndiko kuti, mpweya kasupe imagwira ntchito yofanana mu dongosolo kuyimitsidwa gudumu monga ochiritsira kasupe kapena masika, koma pa nthawi yomweyo amalola kusintha stiffness wa kuyimitsidwa ndi kusintha makhalidwe ake malinga ndi mikhalidwe ya msewu, potsegula, etc. musanagule kasupe watsopano wa mpweya, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo ya zigawozi, kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito.
Mitundu, kapangidwe ndi mfundo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka akasupe a mpweya
Mitundu itatu ya akasupe a mpweya ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano:
● Silinda;
● Diaphragm;
● Mtundu wosakanizidwa (wophatikiza).
Akasupe a mpweya amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo ndipo amasiyana malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Mitundu ndi mapangidwe a akasupe a mpweya
Zitsime za mpweya wa cylinder
Izi ndi zida zosavuta kupanga, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana.Mwamapangidwe, kasupe wa mpweya woterewu amakhala ndi silinda ya rabara (chipolopolo cha mphira chamitundu yambiri, chofanana ndi ma hoses a rabara, matayala, ndi zina), womangidwa pakati pa zida zachitsulo chapamwamba ndi zotsika.Pa chithandizo chimodzi (nthawi zambiri pamwamba) pali mapaipi operekera komanso mpweya wotuluka.
Malingana ndi mapangidwe a silinda, zipangizozi zimagawidwa m'magulu angapo:
● Mgolo;
● Mavuvu;
● Amakhala ndi malata.
Mu akasupe a mpweya wooneka ngati mbiya, silinda imapangidwa ngati silinda yokhala ndi makoma owongoka kapena ozungulira (mwa mawonekedwe a theka la torus), iyi ndiyo njira yosavuta.Pazida za bellows, silinda imagawidwa m'magawo awiri, atatu kapena kupitilira apo, pomwe mphete zalamba zili.Mu akasupe a malata, silinda imakhala ndi corrugation kutalika kwake kapena mbali yake yokha, imathanso kukhala ndi mphete zomangira ndi zinthu zothandizira.
Akasupe a mpweya amtundu wa baluni (mavuvu).
Mpweya wamtundu wa silinda umagwira ntchito mophweka: mpweya woponderezedwa ukaperekedwa, kupanikizika kwa silinda kumakwera, ndipo kumatambasula pang'ono, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukweza galimoto kapena, polemera kwambiri, kusunga mlingo wa chimango / thupi pamlingo woperekedwa.Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa kumawonjezekanso.Mpweya ukatuluka kuchokera ku silinda, kupanikizika kumachepa, chifukwa cha katundu, silinda imaponderezedwa - izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa chimango / thupi ndi kuchepa kwa kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa.
Nthawi zambiri, akasupe a mpweya amtunduwu amangotchedwa akasupe a mpweya.Zigawozi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe odziyimira pawokha zotanuka kuyimitsidwa, komanso ngati gawo la zinthu zina - akasupe (akasupe opindika okhala ndi mainchesi akulu amakhala kunja kwa silinda), zotulutsa ma hydraulic shock (ma struts amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto, ma SUV ndi zina). zida zopepuka), etc.
Mapiritsi a mpweya wa diaphragm
Masiku ano, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yamtundu woterewu:
● Diaphragm;
● Mtundu wa manja a diaphragm
Kasupe wa mpweya wa diaphragm amakhala ndi m'munsi mwa thupi komanso chothandizira chapamwamba, pakati pake pali cholumikizira cha chingwe cha rabala.Miyeso ya zigawozo imasankhidwa mwanjira yakuti gawo la chithandizo chapamwamba chokhala ndi diaphragm likhoza kulowa mkati mwa thupi lapansi, momwe ntchito yamtundu uwu wa akasupe akuchokera.Pamene mpweya woponderezedwa umaperekedwa ku nyumbayo, chithandizo chapamwamba chimatulutsidwa ndikukweza chimango / thupi lonse la galimotoyo.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa kumawonjezeka, ndipo poyendetsa pamsewu wosagwirizana, chithandizo chapamwamba chimayenda mu ndege yowongoka, ndikuchepetsa pang'ono kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka.
Akasupe a mpweya amtundu wa baluni (mavuvu).
Kasupe wa mpweya wa diaphragm ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, koma m'malo mwake, diaphragm imasinthidwa ndi manja a mphira otalikirapo komanso m'mimba mwake, mkati mwake momwe muli thupi loyambira.Mapangidwewa amatha kusintha kwambiri kutalika kwake, zomwe zimakulolani kuti musinthe kutalika ndi kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa pamitundu yambiri.Akasupe a mpweya amapangidwe awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyimitsidwa kwa magalimoto, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magawo odziyimira pawokha popanda zina zowonjezera.
Zophatikiza mpweya akasupe
M'magawo oterowo, zigawo za diaphragm ndi akasupe a mpweya wa baluni zimaphatikizidwa.Kawirikawiri, silinda ili m'munsi, diaphragm ili kumtunda, yankho ili limapereka mpweya wabwino ndikukulolani kuti musinthe makhalidwe a kuyimitsidwa mkati mwamitundu yambiri.Akasupe a mpweya amtunduwu sagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono pamagalimoto, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamayendedwe a njanji komanso pamakina apadera osiyanasiyana.
diaphragm air spring
Malo a akasupe a mpweya mu kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto
Kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya kumamangidwa pamaziko a akasupe a mpweya omwe ali pamtunda uliwonse kumbali ya mawilo - pamalo omwewo pomwe akasupe anthawi yayitali ndi ma struts amayikidwa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malingana ndi mtundu wa galimoto ndi katundu wogwirira ntchito, chiwerengero chosiyana cha akasupe a mpweya amtundu umodzi kapena wina akhoza kukhala pa chitsulo chimodzi.
M'magalimoto onyamula anthu, akasupe a mpweya wosiyana sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri - nthawi zambiri awa ndi ma struts omwe ma hydraulic shock absorbers amaphatikizidwa ndi akasupe achilengedwe, mavuvu kapena malata.Pa nkhwangwa imodzi pali mikwingwirima iwiri yotere, imasintha ma rack omwe amakhala ndi akasupe.
M'magalimoto, akasupe a mpweya amodzi amtundu wa payipi ndi ma bellow amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.Nthawi yomweyo, akasupe a mpweya awiri kapena anayi amatha kukhazikitsidwa pa olamulira amodzi.Pamapeto pake, akasupe a manja amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zazikulu zotanuka, zomwe zimapereka kusintha kwa msinkhu ndi kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa, ndipo akasupe a bellows amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira, omwe amakhala ngati dampers ndikuthandizira kusintha kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa mkati. malire ena.
Akasupe a mpweya ndi gawo la kuyimitsidwa kwa mpweya wonse.Mpweya woponderezedwa umaperekedwa kumadera awa kudzera m'mapaipi ochokera kwa olandila (ma silinda a mpweya) kudzera mavavu ndi mavavu, akasupe a mpweya ndi kuyimitsidwa konse kumayendetsedwa kuchokera ku cab / mkati mwagalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani apadera ndi masiwichi.
Momwe mungasankhire, kusintha ndi kusamalira akasupe a mpweya
Akasupe amtundu wamtundu uliwonse panthawi yoyendetsa galimotoyo amakhala ndi katundu wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azivala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasanduka zosweka.Nthawi zambiri timayenera kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa zipolopolo za mphira-zingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti silinda imataya kulimba kwake.Kuwonongeka kwa akasupe a mpweya kumawonetseredwa ndi mpukutu wa galimotoyo itayimitsidwa ndi injini yazimitsidwa komanso kulephera kusintha kwathunthu kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa.Mbali yolakwika iyenera kufufuzidwa ndikusinthidwa.
Kasupe wamtundu womwewo womwe udayikidwa kale umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo - zigawo zatsopano ndi zakale ziyenera kukhala ndi miyeso yofananira yoyika ndi magwiridwe antchito.M'magalimoto ambiri, muyenera kugula akasupe awiri a mpweya nthawi imodzi, monga tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha mbali zonse ziwiri pa chitsulo chimodzi, ngakhale chachiwiri chingakhale chothandiza.M'malo ikuchitika motsatira malangizo a galimoto, kawirikawiri ntchito imeneyi sikutanthauza kwambiri alowererepo kuyimitsidwa ndipo akhoza kuchitidwa mofulumira ndithu.Panthawi yoyendetsa galimotoyo, akasupe a mpweya ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, kutsukidwa ndi kuyang'anitsitsa ngati akulimba.Pokonza zofunikira, akasupe a mpweya adzagwira ntchito modalirika, kuonetsetsa kuti kuyimitsidwa kwapamwamba kumagwira ntchito bwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023