Izithuthi ezininzi zanamhlanje zisebenzisa ukumiswa komoya kunye neeparamitha ezilungelelanisiweyo.Isiseko sokunqunyanyiswa ngumthombo womoya - funda zonke ezi zinto, iintlobo zazo, iimpawu zoyilo kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye, kwinqaku.
Yintoni umthombo womoya?
I-air spring (i-air spring, i-cushion air, i-air spring) - i-elastic element yokumiswa komoya kwezithuthi;i-cylinder ye-pneumatic enekhono lokutshintsha umthamo kunye nokuqina, okuphakathi kwe-axle yevili kunye nesakhelo / umzimba wemoto.
Ukunqunyanyiswa kweenqwelo ezinamavili kwakhiwe kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili zeentlobo - i-elastic, isikhokelo kunye ne-damping.Kwiindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokumiswa, imithombo kunye nemithombo inokusebenza njengento e-elastic, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-levers zinokusebenza njengesikhokelo (kwaye ekumisweni kwentwasahlobo - imithombo efanayo), i-shock absorbers inokusebenza njengento ephazamisayo.Ekumisweni komoya kwanamhlanje kwiilori kunye neemoto, ezi ndawo zikwakhona, kodwa indima yezinto ezilastiki kuzo yenziwa ngamasilinda omoya akhethekileyo - imithombo yomoya.
Umthombo womoya unemisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukuhanjiswa kwemizuzu ukusuka kumphezulu wendlela ukuya kwisakhelo / umzimba wemoto;
● Ukutshintsha ukuqina kokunqunyanyiswa ngokuhambelana nomthwalo kunye neemeko zendlela zangoku;
● Ukusasazwa kunye nokulingana komthwalo kwii-axles zamavili kunye namavili emoto nganye enomthwalo ongalinganiyo;
● Ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwesithuthi xa uqhuba kumathambeka, izitenxo zendlela kunye nokujika;
● Ukuphucula ukukhululeka kwesithuthi xa uqhuba kwiindlela ezinemigangatho eyahlukeneyo.
Oko kukuthi, i-air spring idlala indima efanayo kwinkqubo yokumiswa kwevili njengentwasahlobo okanye intwasahlobo eqhelekileyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe ukuqina kokumiswa kwaye ulungelelanise iimpawu zayo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zendlela, ukulayisha, njl. ngaphambi kokuthenga i-air spring entsha, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo ezikhoyo zala malungu, ukuyila kwawo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza.
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwemithombo yomoya
Iindidi ezintathu zemithombo yomoya ezisetyenziswayo ngoku:
● Isilinda;
● I-diaphragm;
● Uhlobo oluxubileyo (oludibeneyo).
Imithombo yomoya yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zineempawu zazo zokuyila kwaye ziyahluka kumgaqo wokusebenza.
Iintlobo kunye noyilo lwemithombo yomoya
Imithombo yomoya yesilinda
Ezi zixhobo ezilula kakhulu kuyilo, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinqwelo ezahlukeneyo.Ngokwesakhiwo, loo mthombo womoya uqukethe i-cylinder yerabha (igobolondo le-rubber-cord ye-multilayer, efana noyilo kwimibhobho yerabha, amavili, njl. njl.), ifakwe phakathi kweenkxaso zetsimbi eziphezulu nangaphantsi.Kwinkxaso enye (ngokuqhelekileyo phezulu) kukho imibhobho yokubonelela kunye nomoya owophayo.
Ngokoyilo lwesilinda, ezi zixhobo zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezininzi:
● Umphanda;
● Imvubu;
● Ityalikile.
Kwimithombo yomoya efana ne-barrel, i-cylinder yenziwe ngendlela ye-cylinder ene-straight okanye ejikeleziweyo (ngendlela yesiqingatha se-torus) iindonga, oku kuyindlela elula.Kwizixhobo ze-bellows, i-cylinder ihlulwe ibe ngamacandelo amabini, amathathu okanye ngaphezulu, phakathi apho amakhonkco ebhanti akhoyo.Kwimithombo egudileyo, i-cylinder ine-corrugation kunye nobude bonke okanye inxalenye yayo kuphela, inokuba nayo imisesane yebhanti kunye nezinto ezincedisayo.
Imithombo yomoya yohlobo lwebhaluni (imvulo).
I-cylinder-type air spring isebenza ngokulula: xa umoya ocinezelweyo unikezelwa, uxinzelelo kwi-cylinder luyenyuka, kwaye lunwenwe kancinci ubude, oluqinisekisa ukuphakanyiswa kwesithuthi okanye, kumthwalo ophezulu, ukugcina inqanaba lesakhelo / umzimba kwinqanaba elinikiweyo.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqina kokumiswa kuyanda.Xa umoya uphuma kwi-cylinder, uxinzelelo luyancipha, phantsi kwefuthe lomthwalo, i-cylinder ixinzelelwe - oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwinqanaba lesakhelo / umzimba kunye nokuncipha kokuqina kokumiswa.
Ngokufuthi, imithombo yomoya yolu hlobo ngokulula ibizwa ngokuba yimithombo yomoya.Ezi nxalenye zinokusetyenziswa zombini ngendlela yamacandelo azimeleyo e-elastic suspension, kwaye njengenxalenye yezinto ezongezelelweyo - imithombo (imithombo ehlanganisiweyo enobubanzi obukhulu ifumaneka ngaphandle kwe-cylinder), i-hydraulic shock absorbers (ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kwiimoto, iiSUV kunye nezinye. izixhobo ezilula ngokwentelekiso), njl.
Imithombo yomoya ye-diaphragm
Namhlanje, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zolu hlobo lwemithombo yomoya:
● I-diaphragm;
● Uhlobo lomkhono wediaphragm
Umthombo womoya we-diaphragm uqukethe isiseko somzimba esisezantsi kunye nenkxaso ephezulu, phakathi kwayo kukho i-diaphragm ye-rubber-cord.Imilinganiselo yamacandelo ikhethwe ngendlela yokuba inxalenye yenkxaso ephezulu ene-diaphragm ingangena ngaphakathi kwisiseko somzimba, apho umsebenzi wolu hlobo lwemithombo yomoya lusekelwe khona.Xa umoya oxinyiweyo unikezelwa kwizindlu, inkxaso ephezulu ikhutshwe kwaye iphakamisa yonke isakhelo / umzimba wesithuthi.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuqina kokumiswa kuyanda, kwaye xa uqhuba kwiindawo ezingalinganiyo zendlela, inkxaso ephezulu i-oscillates kwindiza ethe nkqo, iyancipha inxalenye kunye nokunyakaza.
Imithombo yomoya yohlobo lwebhaluni (imvulo).
I-sleeve-type diaphragm air spring ine-design efanayo, kodwa kuyo i-diaphragm ithathelwe indawo ngumkhono werabha wobude owandayo kunye nobubanzi, ngaphakathi apho isiseko somzimba sikhoyo.Olu luyilo lunokutshintsha kakhulu ubude balo, okukuvumela ukuba utshintshe ukuphakama kunye nokuqina kokumiswa kuluhlu olubanzi.Imithombo yomoya yolu yilo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekumisweni kweelori, zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengeenxalenye ezizimeleyo ngaphandle kwezinto ezongezelelweyo.
Imithombo yomoya edibeneyo
Kwiindawo ezinjalo, amacandelo e-diaphragm kunye ne-balloon air springs adibeneyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cylinder ibekwe kwindawo engezantsi, i-diaphragm iphezulu, esi sisombululo sibonelela ngokudaka okulungileyo kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise iimpawu zokumiswa ngaphakathi koluhlu olubanzi.Imithombo yomoya yolu hlobo isetyenziswa kancinci kwiimoto, ngokufuthi inokufumaneka kuthutho lukaloliwe nakuomatshini abahlukeneyo abakhethekileyo.
i-diaphragm emoyeni umthombo
Indawo yemithombo yomoya ekumisweni kwesithuthi
Ukumiswa komoya kwakhiwe ngesiseko semithombo yomoya ebekwe kwi-axle nganye kwicala lamavili - kwindawo enye apho kufakwe khona imithombo yendalo kunye ne-struts.Ngexesha elifanayo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesithuthi kunye nemithwalo yokusebenza, inani elahlukileyo lemithombo yomoya yolunye uhlobo okanye enye inokufumaneka kwi-axle enye.
Kwiimoto zabakhweli, imithombo yomoya eyahlukileyo ayifane isetyenziswe - amaxesha amaninzi ezi zi-struts apho i-hydraulic shock absorbers idityaniswa kunye nesiqhelo, i-bellows okanye i-corrugated air springs.Kwi-axis enye kukho ii-racks ezimbini ezinjalo, zitshintsha ii-racks eziqhelekileyo kunye nemithombo.
Kwiilori, imithombo yomoya enye ye-hose kunye neentlobo ze-bellows zisetyenziswa rhoqo.Ngexesha elifanayo, imithombo yomoya emibini okanye emine inokufakwa kwi-axis enye.Kwimeko yokugqibela, imithombo ye-sleeve isetyenziswa njengezona zinto ziphambili ezilastiki, ezibonelela ngotshintsho kubude kunye nokuqina kokunqunyanyiswa, kunye nemithombo ye-bellows isetyenziswa njengezinto ezincedisayo, ezisebenza njenge-dampers kwaye zisebenze ukutshintsha ukuqina kokumiswa ngaphakathi. imida ethile.
Imithombo yomoya iyinxalenye yokunqunyanyiswa komoya ngokubanzi.Umoya oxiniweyo unikezelwa kula malungu ngokusebenzisa imibhobho evela kubamkeli (iisilinda zomoya) ngeevalvu kunye neevalvu, imithombo yomoya kunye nokunqunyanyiswa konke kulawulwa ukusuka kwikhebhu / ngaphakathi kwemoto kusetyenziswa amaqhosha akhethekileyo kunye nokutshintsha.
Indlela yokukhetha, ukubuyisela kunye nokugcina imithombo yomoya
Imithombo yomoya yazo zonke iintlobo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesithuthi iphantsi kwemithwalo ebalulekileyo, ekhokelela ekunxibeni kwabo okunzulu kwaye kaninzi ijika ibe yintlupheko.Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka sijongane nomonakalo kwiigobolondo zeerubha, ngenxa yoko i-cylinder ilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo.Ukuqhekeka kwemithombo yomoya kubonakaliswa ngumqulu wesithuthi xa upakishwe injini icinyiwe kunye nokungakwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokupheleleyo ukuqina kokumiswa.Inxalenye enesiphene kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye itshintshwe.
Intwasahlobo yohlobo olufanayo olufakwe ngaphambili lusetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa - iindawo ezintsha kunye nezidala kufuneka zibe nemilinganiselo efanayo yokufakela kunye neempawu zokusebenza.Kwiimoto ezininzi, kuya kufuneka uthenge imithombo yomoya emibini ngaxeshanye, njengoko kucetyiswa ukuba utshintshe omabini amacandelo kwi-asi enye, nokuba eyesibini iyasebenza.Ukutshintshwa kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yesithuthi, ngokuqhelekileyo lo msebenzi awufuni ungenelelo olubalulekileyo ekumisweni kwaye lunokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza.Ngethuba lokusebenza okulandelayo kwemoto, imithombo yomoya kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo, ihlanjwe kwaye ihlolwe ukuqina.Xa usenza ukugcinwa okufunekayo, imithombo yomoya iya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza komgangatho ophezulu wokumiswa konke.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023