Watsawa na motoci masu yawa da masu amfani da kullun suna amfani da wata hanya don rarraba juzu'i tsakanin axles na tuƙi - bambancin tsakiya.Karanta duk game da wannan tsarin, manufarsa, zane, ka'idar aiki, da kuma gyarawa da kiyayewa a cikin labarin.
Menene bambancin cibiyar?
Bambance-bambancen cibiyar - naúrar watsawa na motoci masu ƙafafu tare da tuƙi biyu ko fiye;Tsarin da ke raba juzu'in da ke fitowa daga ramin mai talla zuwa rafuka masu zaman kansu guda biyu, waɗanda ake ciyar da su zuwa akwatunan gear na tuƙi.
A cikin tafiyar da motoci da masu ƙafafu tare da tuƙi da yawa, al'amura sun taso waɗanda ke buƙatar jujjuyawar ƙafafun axles daban-daban cikin sauri daban-daban.Misali, a cikin motocin tuƙi, ƙafafun gaba, tsaka-tsaki (na motocin axle masu yawa) da na baya suna da saurin kusurwa mara daidaituwa lokacin juyawa da motsi, lokacin tuki akan hanyoyi tare da gangara da kan saman titi mara kyau, da dai sauransu. Idan duk tuƙi axles suna da m dangane, sa'an nan a irin wannan yanayi wasu ƙafafun za su zamewa ko, akasin haka, zamewa, wanda zai muhimmanci illa dace da karfin juyi juyi juyi da kuma kullum barnatar da motsi na zirga-zirga nufin.Don hana irin waɗannan matsalolin, an gabatar da ƙarin tsari a cikin watsa motoci da motoci tare da tuƙi masu yawa - bambancin cibiyar.
Bambancin cibiyar yana yin ayyuka da yawa:
● Rarraba jujjuyawar da ke fitowa daga shingen propeller zuwa koguna guda biyu, kowanne daga cikinsu yana ba da akwatin gear na axle guda ɗaya;
● Canza jujjuyawar da aka bayar ga kowane gatari dangane da lodin da ke aiki akan ƙafafun da saurin kusurwar su;
● Bambance-bambancen kulle-kulle-Rarraba magudanar ruwa zuwa magudanan ruwa guda biyu daidai-daidai don shawo kan sassa masu wahala na hanya (lokacin tuki akan hanyoyi masu santsi ko a kan hanya).
Wannan tsarin ya samo sunansa daga bambancin Latin - bambanci ko bambanci.A cikin tsarin aiki, bambancin yana raba magudanar ruwa mai shigowa gida biyu, kuma lokuttan da ke cikin kowane magudanar ruwa na iya bambanta sosai da juna (har zuwa gaskiyar cewa duk kwararar da ke shigowa tana gudana zuwa gada ɗaya, kuma ba komai zuwa na biyu). axis), amma jimlar lokutan da ke cikin su koyaushe daidai yake da ƙarfin da ke shigowa (ko kusan daidai, tunda ɓangaren juzu'in ya ɓace a cikin bambance-bambancen kansa saboda ƙarfin juzu'i).
Bambancin tsakiyar motocin axle uku yawanci yana kan madaidaicin gatari
Ana amfani da bambance-bambancen tsakiya a cikin duk motoci da injuna masu tuƙi biyu ko fiye da haka.Koyaya, wurin da wannan injin zai iya bambanta dangane da dabarar dabarar da halayen watsa abin hawa:
● A cikin yanayin canja wuri - ana amfani da su a cikin motoci 4 × 4, 6 × 6 (zaɓuɓɓuka suna yiwuwa duka biyu don tuki kawai na gaba da kuma tuki duk axles) da 8 × 8;
● A cikin tsaka-tsakin tuƙi - wanda aka fi amfani dashi a cikin motocin 6 × 4, amma kuma ana samun su akan motocin adudduka huɗu.
Bambance-bambancen cibiyar, ba tare da la'akari da wurin ba, suna ba da damar yin aiki na yau da kullun na abin hawa a duk yanayin hanya.Malfunctions ko depletion na daban-daban albarkatun adversely rinjayar da yi na mota, don haka ya kamata a kawar da su da wuri-wuri.Amma kafin gyara ko maye gurbin wannan tsarin gaba ɗaya, kuna buƙatar fahimtar ƙirarsa da aiki.
Nau'i, na'urar da ka'idar aiki na bambancin cibiyar
Motoci dabam-dabam suna amfani da bambance-bambancen cibiyar da aka gina bisa tsarin tsarin duniya.Gabaɗaya, naúrar ta ƙunshi jiki (yawanci ana yin ta da kofuna biyu), a ciki akwai giciye tare da tauraron dan adam (gears bevel) da aka haɗa zuwa gears biyu na rabin-axle (drive axle gears).An haɗa jiki ta hanyar flange zuwa madaidaicin ma'auni, daga abin da dukkanin tsarin ke karɓar juyawa.Ana haɗa gear ɗin ta hanyar igiyoyi zuwa injin tuƙi na manyan ginshiƙan axles ɗin su.Duk wannan zane za a iya sanya shi a cikin akwati na kansa, wanda aka ɗora a kan crankcase na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki, ko a cikin gidaje na yanayin canja wuri.
Bambancin cibiyar yana aiki kamar haka.Tare da uniform motsi na mota a kan hanya tare da lebur da kuma m surface, da karfin juyi daga propeller shaft ana daukar kwayar cutar zuwa ga bambanci gidaje da crosspiece tare da tauraron dan adam gyarawa a ciki.Tun da tauraron dan adam ke yin aiki tare da gears na rabin-axile, su ma dukkansu suna jujjuya su kuma suna watsa juzu'i zuwa gaturunsu.Idan, saboda kowane dalili, ƙafafun ɗaya daga cikin axles sun fara raguwa, kayan aikin rabin-axile da ke da alaƙa da wannan gada yana raguwa da jujjuyawar sa - tauraron dan adam sun fara mirgina tare da wannan kayan, wanda ke haifar da saurin jujjuyawar. na biyu rabin-axle kaya.A sakamakon haka, ƙafafun na biyu axle samu wani kusurwa gudun karuwa dangane da ƙafafun na farko axle - wannan rama ga bambanci a axle lodi.
Zane na tsakiyar bambancin babbar mota
Bambance-bambancen tsakiya na iya samun wasu bambance-bambancen ƙira da fasalulluka na aiki.Da farko dai, dukkan bambance-bambancen sun kasu kashi biyu bisa ga sifofin rabe-raben magudanar ruwa tsakanin magudanan ruwa biyu:
● Simmetrical - rarraba lokacin daidai tsakanin koguna biyu;
● Asymmetrical - rarraba lokacin ba daidai ba.Ana samun wannan ta hanyar amfani da gears na semi-axial tare da adadin hakora daban-daban.
A lokaci guda, kusan dukkanin bambance-bambancen cibiyar suna da tsarin kullewa, wanda ke tabbatar da aikin tilasta naúrar a cikin yanayin rarraba juzu'i.Wannan wajibi ne don shawo kan sassan hanyoyi masu wuyar gaske, lokacin da ƙafafu na axle ɗaya na iya karya daga saman hanya (lokacin da suke cin nasara) ko rasa haɗin gwiwa tare da shi (misali, zamewa a kan kankara ko a cikin laka).A cikin irin wannan yanayi, ana ba da duk karfin juyi zuwa ƙafafun wannan axle, kuma ƙafafun da ke da juzu'i na yau da kullun ba sa jujjuyawa - motar kawai ba zata iya ci gaba da motsawa ba.Hanyar kullewa ta tilasta rarraba juzu'i daidai tsakanin axles, yana hana ƙafafun juyawa a cikin sauri daban-daban - wannan yana ba ku damar shawo kan sassan hanyoyi masu wahala.
Akwai nau'ikan toshewa iri biyu:
● Manual;
● atomatik.
A cikin akwati na farko, direba yana toshe bambance-bambancen ta hanyar amfani da na'ura ta musamman, a cikin akwati na biyu, naúrar tana kulle kanta a kan faruwar wasu yanayi, waɗanda aka bayyana a ƙasa.
Na'urar kulle da hannu da hannu yawanci ana yin ta ne ta hanyar haɗaɗɗen haƙori, wanda ke kan haƙoran ɗaya daga cikin ramukan, kuma yana iya shiga jikin naúrar (tare da ɗayan kwanonsa).Lokacin motsi, kama da ƙarfi yana haɗa shinge da gidaje daban-daban - a cikin wannan yanayin, waɗannan sassa suna juyawa a cikin gudu ɗaya, kuma kowane ɗayan axles yana karɓar rabin jimlar juzu'in.Sarrafa tsarin kullewa a cikin manyan motoci galibi ana motsa su ta hanyar huhu: kama kayan aikin yana motsawa tare da taimakon cokali mai yatsa wanda ke sarrafa sandar ɗakin pneumatic da aka gina a cikin crankcase na bambancin.Ana ba da iska zuwa ɗakin ta wani crane na musamman wanda ke sarrafa madaidaicin maɓalli a cikin taksi na motar.A cikin SUVs da sauran kayan aiki ba tare da tsarin pneumatic ba, sarrafa tsarin kullewa na iya zama na inji (ta amfani da tsarin levers da igiyoyi) ko lantarki (ta amfani da injin lantarki).
Bambance-bambancen kulle-kulle na iya samun hanyoyin kullewa waɗanda ke lura da bambancin juzu'i ko bambancin saurin angular na tuƙi na axles ɗin tuƙi.Viscous, gogayya ko cam clutches, da ƙarin hanyoyin duniyar duniya ko tsutsotsi (a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan Torsen) da abubuwa daban-daban na iya amfani da su azaman irin waɗannan hanyoyin.Duk waɗannan na'urori suna ba da damar wani bambanci mai ƙarfi a kan gadoji, wanda aka toshe su a sama.Ba za mu yi la'akari da na'urar da aiki na bambance-bambancen kulle kai ba - a yau akwai yawancin aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin, za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da su a cikin hanyoyin da suka dace.
Zane na tsakiyar bambancin babbar mota
Batutuwa na kulawa, gyarawa da maye gurbin bambancin cibiyar
Bambancin cibiyar yana fuskantar manyan lodi yayin aikin motar, don haka a kan lokaci sassanta sun ƙare kuma ana iya lalata su.Domin tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na watsawa, dole ne a bincika wannan rukunin akai-akai, kiyayewa da gyarawa.Yawancin lokaci, a lokacin kiyayewa na yau da kullum, an rarraba bambance-bambancen kuma an warware matsalar, duk sassan da aka sawa (gears tare da hakora masu lalacewa ko crumbled, hatimin mai, bearings, sassa tare da fasa, da dai sauransu) an maye gurbinsu da sababbin.Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa, tsarin yana canzawa gaba daya.
Don tsawaita rayuwar bambancin, ya zama dole a canza man fetur a kai a kai, tsaftace masu numfashi, duba aiki na kayan aiki na kullewa.Duk waɗannan ayyukan ana yin su daidai da umarnin kulawa da gyaran abin hawa.
Tare da kulawa na yau da kullum da kuma aiki mai kyau na bambancin cibiyar, motar za ta ji dadi har ma a cikin mafi wuyar yanayin hanya.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-14-2023