Kutumiza kwa ma axle ambiri ndi magalimoto oyendetsa ma gudumu onse kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa torque pakati pa ma axle oyendetsa - kusiyana kwapakati.Werengani zonse za makinawa, cholinga chake, mapangidwe ake, ndondomeko ya ntchito, komanso kukonza ndi kukonza m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi kusiyana kwapakati ndi chiyani?
Kusiyanitsa kwapakati - gawo lotumizira magalimoto amawilo okhala ndi ma axles awiri kapena kupitilira apo;Makina omwe amagawa torque kuchokera ku shaft ya propeller kukhala mitsinje iwiri yodziyimira payokha, yomwe imaperekedwa ku ma gearbox a ma axles oyendetsa.
Pakuyenda kwa magalimoto ndi magalimoto oyenda okhala ndi ma axle angapo oyendetsa, pamakhala zinthu zomwe zimafuna kusinthasintha kwa mawilo a ma axles osiyanasiyana pa liwiro losiyana.Mwachitsanzo, m'magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu, mawilo akutsogolo, apakatikati (magalimoto amitundu yambiri) ndi ma axle akumbuyo amakhala ndi liwiro losiyana la angular potembenuka ndi kuyendetsa, poyendetsa misewu yotsetsereka komanso pamtunda wosagwirizana, etc. Ngati ma axle onse oyendetsa anali ndi kugwirizana kolimba, ndiye kuti muzochitika zotere mawilo ena amatha kutsetsereka kapena, mosiyana, kutsetsereka, zomwe zingasokoneze kwambiri mphamvu ya kutembenuka kwa torque ndipo makamaka zimakhudza kwambiri kayendedwe ka magalimoto.Pofuna kupewa mavuto otere, njira yowonjezera imayambitsidwa pakufalitsa magalimoto ndi magalimoto okhala ndi ma axles angapo oyendetsa - kusiyanitsa pakati.
Kusiyanitsa kwapakati kumagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Kupatukana kwa torque yomwe imachokera ku shaft ya propeller kukhala mitsinje iwiri, iliyonse yomwe imaperekedwa ku gearbox ya axle imodzi yoyendetsa;
● Kusintha torque yomwe imaperekedwa ku axle iliyonse malinga ndi katundu omwe akugwira pa magudumu ndi maulendo awo aang'ono;
● Kukhoma kusiyana - kugawa torque mu mitsinje iwiri yofanana kuti mugonjetse magawo ovuta a msewu (pomwe mukuyendetsa misewu yoterera kapena yakunja).
Makinawa adapeza dzina kuchokera ku Latin differentia - kusiyana kapena kusiyana.Pogwira ntchito, kusiyanitsa kumagawaniza ma torque omwe akubwera muwiri, ndipo mphindi mumayendedwe aliwonse amatha kusiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake (mpaka kuti kutuluka konse komwe kukubwera kumayenda kumtunda umodzi, ndipo palibe chachiwiri. axis), koma kuchuluka kwa mphindi zomwe zilimo nthawi zonse kumakhala kofanana ndi torque yomwe ikubwera (kapena pafupifupi yofanana, popeza gawo lina la torque limatayika pakusiyana komweko chifukwa cha mphamvu zotsutsana).
Kusiyana kwapakati pamagalimoto a ma axle atatu nthawi zambiri kumakhala pa axle yapakatikati
Kusiyanitsa kwapakati kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto onse ndi makina okhala ndi ma axles awiri kapena kupitilira apo.Komabe, malo a makinawa amatha kusiyana kutengera mawonekedwe a gudumu komanso mawonekedwe amayendedwe agalimoto:
● Pankhani yosinthira - yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto 4 × 4, 6 × 6 (zosankha n'zotheka poyendetsa galimoto yokhayo kutsogolo komanso kuyendetsa ma axles onse) ndi 8 × 8;
● Muzitsulo zapakati zoyendetsa - zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa magalimoto a 6 × 4, komanso zimapezekanso pamagalimoto anayi.
Kusiyana kwapakati, mosasamala za komwe kuli, kumapereka mwayi woti galimotoyo igwire bwino ntchito m'misewu yonse.Kuwonongeka kapena kuchepa kwa gwero losiyanitsa kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito agalimoto, chifukwa chake ziyenera kuthetsedwa posachedwa.Koma musanakonze kapena kusinthiratu makinawa, muyenera kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.
Mitundu, chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya kusiyana pakati
Magalimoto osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito masiyanidwe apakati omwe amapangidwa potengera mapulaneti.Nthawi zambiri, gawoli limakhala ndi thupi (nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi makapu awiri), mkati mwake muli mtanda wokhala ndi ma satellite (magiya a bevel) olumikizidwa ndi magiya awiri a theka (magiya oyendetsa).Thupi limalumikizidwa ndi flange ku shaft ya propeller, komwe makina onse amalandila kuzungulira.Magiyawa amalumikizidwa ndi ma shaft ku magiya oyendetsa magiya akuluakulu a ma axles awo.Mapangidwe onsewa amatha kuyikidwa mu crankcase yake, yoyikidwa pa crankcase ya intermediate drive axle, kapena m'nyumba yotengeramo.
Kusiyana kwapakati kumagwira ntchito motere.Ndi kayendedwe ka yunifolomu ya galimoto pamsewu wokhala ndi malo otsetsereka komanso olimba, torque yochokera ku shaft ya propeller imatumizidwa ku nyumba yosiyana ndi yopingasa ndi ma satellites okhazikika mmenemo.Popeza ma satellite amalumikizana ndi ma giya a theka-axle, onsewa amabweranso mozungulira ndikutumiza torque ku ma axle awo.Ngati, pazifukwa zilizonse, mawilo a imodzi mwa ma axles ayamba kuchepa, zida za theka-axle zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mlathowu zimachepetsa kusinthasintha kwake - ma satelayiti amayamba kuyendayenda pambali iyi, yomwe imatsogolera kufulumira kwa kuzungulira. theka lachiwiri la giya.Chotsatira chake, mawilo a chitsulo chachiwiri amapeza liwiro la angular likuwonjezeka poyerekezera ndi magudumu a chitsulo choyamba - izi zimakwaniritsa kusiyana kwa katundu wa axle.
Mapangidwe a kusiyana kwapakati pagalimoto
Kusiyanitsa kwapakati kumatha kukhala ndi kusiyana kwa mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito.Choyamba, masiyanidwe onse amagawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ma torque pakati pa mitsinje iwiriyi:
● Symmetrical - gawani mphindiyo mofanana pakati pa mitsinje iwiri;
● Asymmetrical - gawani mphindi mosiyanasiyana.Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito zida za semi-axial zokhala ndi mano osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi masiyanidwe onse apakati amakhala ndi makina otsekera, omwe amatsimikizira kugwira ntchito mokakamiza kwa unit munjira yogawa ma torque ofananira.Izi ndizofunikira kuti mugonjetse magawo ovuta amisewu, pamene mawilo a chitsulo chimodzi amatha kuchoka pamsewu (pamene akugonjetsa mabowo) kapena kutaya nawo (mwachitsanzo, kutsetsereka pa ayezi kapena m'matope).Zikatero, torque yonse imaperekedwa ku mawilo a chitsulo ichi, ndipo mawilo omwe ali ndi kayendedwe kabwinobwino samazungulira konse - galimoto silingapitirize kuyenda.Makina otsekera amagawira makokedwe mofanana pakati pa ma axles, kuteteza mawilo kuti asamazungulira pa liwiro losiyana - izi zimakuthandizani kuti mugonjetse magawo ovuta a msewu.
Pali mitundu iwiri yotsekera:
● Buku;
● Zodzidzimutsa.
Pachiyambi choyamba, kusiyana kumatsekedwa ndi dalaivala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera, kachiwiri, unityo imadzitsekera pazochitika zina, zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa.
Njira yotsekera yomwe imayendetsedwa pamanja nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ngati cholumikizira cha mano, chomwe chimakhala pa mano a imodzi mwamitsuko, ndipo imatha kuchita ndi gulu lamagulu (ndi imodzi mwa mbale zake).Mukasuntha, nsongayo imagwirizanitsa mwamphamvu nthiti ndi nyumba zosiyana - pamenepa, mbali izi zimazungulira pa liwiro lomwelo, ndipo ma axles amalandira theka la torque yonse.Kuwongolera kwa makina otsekera m'magalimoto nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi pneumatically: clutch ya gear imasuntha mothandizidwa ndi foloko yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi ndodo ya chipinda cha pneumatic chomwe chimapangidwira mu crankcase ya kusiyana.Mpweya umaperekedwa kuchipindacho ndi crane yapadera yoyendetsedwa ndi chosinthira chofananira mu kabati yagalimoto.M'ma SUV ndi zida zina popanda makina a pneumatic, kuwongolera njira yotsekera kumatha kukhala kwamakina (pogwiritsa ntchito makina a levers ndi zingwe) kapena electromechanical (pogwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi).
Zosiyana zodzitsekera zimatha kukhala ndi njira zotsekera zomwe zimayang'anira kusiyana kwa ma torque kapena kusiyana kwa ma liwiro ang'onoang'ono a ma axles a drive axles.Viscous, friction kapena cam clutches, komanso njira zowonjezera mapulaneti kapena nyongolotsi (mumitundu ya Torsen) ndi zinthu zina zothandizira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zotere.Zida zonsezi zimalola kusiyana kwina kwa torque pa milatho, yomwe pamwamba pake imatsekedwa.Sitidzaganizira za chipangizo ndi ntchito ya kudziletsa kudziletsa masiyanidwe pano - lero pali zambiri kukhazikitsa njira zimenezi, mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za iwo mu magwero oyenera.
Mapangidwe a kusiyana kwapakati pagalimoto
Nkhani za kukonza, kukonza ndi kusintha pakati kusiyana
Kusiyanitsa kwapakati kumakumana ndi zolemetsa zazikulu panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, motero pakapita nthawi mbali zake zimatha ndipo zimatha kuwonongedwa.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yopatsirana ikugwira ntchito bwino, chipangizochi chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, kusungidwa ndi kukonzedwa.Nthawi zambiri, pakukonza mwachizoloŵezi, kusiyanitsa kumasokonekera ndikuyambitsa mavuto, zida zonse zotha (magiya okhala ndi mano otha kapena osweka, zisindikizo zamafuta, mayendedwe, magawo okhala ndi ming'alu, etc.) amasinthidwa ndi zatsopano.Pakawonongeka kwambiri, makinawo amasintha kwathunthu.
Kutalikitsa moyo wa kusiyana, m`pofunika nthawi zonse kusintha mafuta mmenemo, kuyeretsa mpweya, fufuzani ntchito yokhoma limagwirira galimoto.Ntchito zonsezi zimachitika motsatira malangizo okonza ndi kukonza galimotoyo.
Ndi kukonzanso nthawi zonse komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa kusiyana kwapakati, galimotoyo imakhala yodalirika ngakhale mumsewu wovuta kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-14-2023