Ihererekanyabubasha ryimodoka nini-nini zose zikoresha ibinyabiziga bikoresha uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri hagati yimodoka - itandukaniro hagati.Soma ibyerekeye ubu buryo, intego, igishushanyo, ihame ryimikorere, kimwe no gusana no kubungabunga ingingo.
Ni ubuhe buryo butandukanye hagati?
Itandukaniro hagati - igice cyohereza ibiziga bifite ibiziga bibiri cyangwa byinshi byo gutwara;Uburyo bugabanya itara riva muri shitingi mu migezi ibiri yigenga, hanyuma igaburirwa kuri garebox ya axe ya drake.
Mugihe cyo kugenda kwimodoka nibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga bifite imitambiko myinshi yo gutwara, ibintu bivuka bisaba kuzunguruka kwiziga ryibiziga bitandukanye kumuvuduko utandukanye.Kurugero, mumodoka zose zitwara ibiziga, ibiziga byimbere, hagati (hagati yimodoka nyinshi) hamwe na axe yinyuma bifite umuvuduko utaringaniye mugihe uhindukiriye no kuyobora, mugihe utwaye mumihanda ihanamye kandi hejuru yumuhanda utaringaniye, nibindi . Niba ibinyabiziga byose bigenda bifite isano ihamye, noneho mubihe nkibi ibiziga bimwe byanyerera cyangwa, ikindi, kunyerera, ibyo bikaba byangiza cyane imikorere yimikorere ya torque kandi mubisanzwe bigira ingaruka mbi kumikorere yinzira nyabagendwa.Kugira ngo ukumire ibibazo nkibi, hashyizweho ubundi buryo bwo kohereza imodoka n’imodoka zifite imitambiko myinshi yo gutwara - itandukaniro hagati.
Itandukaniro hagati ikora imirimo myinshi:
Gutandukanya itara riva mu cyuma cya moteri mu migezi ibiri, buri kimwe gitangwa kuri garebox ya axe imwe;
Guhindura itara ryatanzwe kuri buri murongo bitewe n'imitwaro ikora ku ruziga n'umuvuduko wazo;
Gufunga itandukaniro - kugabanya itara mumigezi ibiri ingana cyane kugirango utsinde ibice bigoye byumuhanda (mugihe utwaye mumihanda inyerera cyangwa hanze yumuhanda).
Ubu buryo bwabonye izina ryabwo muri latine itandukanye - itandukaniro cyangwa itandukaniro.Mubikorwa byimikorere, itandukaniro rigabanya umuvuduko wumuriro winjira mo kabiri, kandi ibihe muri buri cyerekezo birashobora gutandukana cyane hagati yabyo (kugeza aho ibintu byose byinjira bitemba bigana kumurongo umwe, kandi ntakintu na kimwe kijya kumurongo wa kabiri. axis), ariko igiteranyo cyibihe muribo burigihe bingana na torque yinjira (cyangwa hafi yingana, kuva igice cyumuriro cyatakaye mubitandukanye ubwabyo kubera imbaraga zo guterana amagambo).
Itandukaniro hagati yimodoka eshatu-isanzwe isanzwe iri kumurongo wo hagati
Itandukaniro rya Centre rikoreshwa mumodoka zose nimashini zifite imitambiko ibiri cyangwa myinshi yo gutwara.Ariko, aho ubu buryo bushobora kuba butandukanye bitewe na formula yibiziga n'ibiranga ikinyabiziga:
● Mugihe cyo kwimura - ikoreshwa mumodoka 4 × 4, 6 × 6 (amahitamo arashoboka haba mugutwara gusa imbere yimbere no gutwara imitambiko yose) na 8 × 8;
● Mugihe cyo hagati yimodoka - ikunze gukoreshwa mumodoka 6 × 4, ariko ugasanga no mumodoka ine.
Itandukaniro ryikigo, utitaye kumwanya, ritanga amahirwe yo gukora ibinyabiziga bisanzwe mumihanda yose.Imikorere mibi cyangwa igabanuka ryumutungo utandukanye bigira ingaruka mbi kumikorere yimodoka, bityo bigomba kuvaho vuba bishoboka.Ariko mbere yo gusana cyangwa gusimbuza burundu ubu buryo, ugomba kumva igishushanyo mbonera n'imikorere.
Ubwoko, igikoresho nihame ryimikorere yikigo gitandukanye
Imodoka zitandukanye zikoresha itandukaniro ritandukanye ryubatswe hashingiwe kuburyo bwimibumbe.Muri rusange, igice kigizwe numubiri (ubusanzwe ugizwe nibikombe bibiri), imbere harimo umusaraba hamwe na satelite (ibyuma bya bevel) uhujwe nibikoresho bibiri byigice cya axe (moteri ya axe).Umubiri uhujwe hakoreshejwe flange kuri shitingi, aho uburyo bwose bwakira kuzunguruka.Ibyuma byahujwe hakoreshejwe shitingi kubikoresho byo gutwara ibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi.Igishushanyo cyose gishobora gushyirwa mubitereko byacyo, bigashyirwa kumutwe wa axe yo hagati, cyangwa mumazu yimurwa.
Ikigo gitandukanya imikorere nkiyi ikurikira.Hamwe nimodoka imwe igenda kumuhanda ufite igorofa kandi igoye, itara riva mumatara yimurirwa ryimurirwa mumazu atandukanye hamwe na crosspiece hamwe na satelite yashizwemo.Kubera ko satelite ikorana na kimwe cya kabiri cyuma-axe, byombi nabyo biza mubizunguruka no kohereza itara kumurongo.Niba, kubwimpamvu iyo ari yo yose, ibiziga byimwe mumitambiko bitangiye kugenda gahoro, ibikoresho bya kimwe cya kabiri cyerekeranye niki kiraro bidindiza kuzenguruka - satelite itangira kuzunguruka kuri ibi bikoresho, biganisha ku kwihuta kwizunguruka rya igice cya kabiri-ibikoresho.Nkigisubizo, ibiziga byumurongo wa kabiri bigira umuvuduko wimpande wiyongereye ugereranije niziga ryumurongo wambere - ibi bisubiza itandukaniro mumitwaro yimitwaro.
Igishushanyo cya centre itandukanye yikamyo
Itandukaniro ryikigo rishobora kugira ibishushanyo bitandukanye nibiranga imikorere.Mbere ya byose, itandukaniro ryose ryigabanyijemo amatsinda abiri ukurikije ibiranga ikwirakwizwa rya torque hagati yinzira zombi:
Symmetrical - gukwirakwiza umwanya uringaniye hagati yinzira ebyiri;
● Asimmetrical - gukwirakwiza umwanya utaringaniye.Ibi bigerwaho ukoresheje ibikoresho bya kimwe cya kabiri gifite amenyo atandukanye.
Muri icyo gihe, hafi ya centre itandukanye hafi ya yose ifite uburyo bwo gufunga, butuma ibikorwa byagahato bikora muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza torque.Ibi birakenewe kugirango tuneshe ibice bigoye byumuhanda, mugihe ibiziga byumutwe umwe bishobora gutandukana hejuru yumuhanda (mugihe utsinze umwobo) cyangwa gutakaza igikurura hamwe nawo (urugero, kunyerera kurubura cyangwa mubyondo).Mu bihe nk'ibi, itara ryose ritangwa ku ruziga rw'iyi axe, kandi ibiziga bifite ingendo zisanzwe ntibizunguruka na gato - imodoka ntishobora gukomeza kugenda.Uburyo bwo gufunga bukwirakwiza ku gahato ku buryo bungana hagati y'imitambiko, kubuza ibiziga kuzunguruka ku muvuduko utandukanye - ibi bigufasha gutsinda ibice bigoye by'imihanda.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo guhagarika:
Igitabo;
Automatic.
Mugihe cyambere, itandukaniro ryahagaritswe numushoferi ukoresheje uburyo bwihariye, murwego rwa kabiri, igice kirifunga mugihe habaye ibihe bimwe, byasobanuwe hano hepfo.
Uburyo bwo gufunga intoki busanzwe bukozwe muburyo bwo guhuza amenyo, buherereye kumenyo yimwe muruti, kandi bushobora kwishora hamwe numubiri wigice (hamwe nikibindi cyacyo).Iyo wimutse, clutch ihuza byimazeyo igiti n amazu atandukanye - muriki gihe, ibi bice bizunguruka kumuvuduko umwe, kandi buri axe yakira kimwe cya kabiri cyumuriro.Igenzura ryuburyo bwo gufunga amakamyo akenshi ritwarwa nubushuhe: icyuma gikoresho cyimuka hifashishijwe icyuma kigenzurwa ninkoni yicyumba cya pneumatike cyubatswe mukibanza gitandukanya.Umwuka uhabwa icyumba na crane idasanzwe iyobowe na switch ijyanye na cab yimodoka.Muri SUV nibindi bikoresho bidafite sisitemu ya pneumatike, kugenzura uburyo bwo gufunga birashobora kuba imashini (ukoresheje sisitemu ya leveri ninsinga) cyangwa amashanyarazi (ukoresheje moteri yamashanyarazi).
Kwifungisha kwifunguro rishobora kuba rifite uburyo bwo gufunga ikurikirana itandukaniro rya torque cyangwa itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wimpande zumurongo wimodoka ya axe.Viscous, friction cyangwa cam cluts, hamwe nuburyo bwiyongera bwimibumbe cyangwa inyo (muburyo butandukanye bwa Torsen) nibintu bitandukanye byingirakamaro birashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo nkubu.Ibi bikoresho byose byemerera itandukaniro rya torque runaka kubiraro, hejuru yabyo.Ntabwo tuzareba igikoresho nigikorwa cyo kwifungisha gutandukanya hano - uyumunsi haribikorwa byinshi byuburyo bukoreshwa, urashobora kwiga byinshi kubyerekeye isoko yabigenewe.
Igishushanyo cya centre itandukanye yikamyo
Ibibazo byo kubungabunga, gusana no gusimbuza ikigo gitandukanye
Itandukaniro hagati yibintu bifite imitwaro ikomeye mugihe cyimodoka, bityo mugihe cyigihe ibice byayo bishaje kandi birashobora gusenywa.Kugirango hamenyekane imikorere isanzwe yo kohereza, iki gice kigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe, kubungabungwa no gusanwa.Mubisanzwe, mugihe cyo kubungabunga bisanzwe, itandukaniro rirasenywa kandi rigakemurwa no gukemura ibibazo, ibice byose byambarwa (ibyuma bifite amenyo yashaje cyangwa yavunitse, kashe ya peteroli, ibyuma, ibice bifite ibice, nibindi) bisimbuzwa bishya.Mugihe habaye ibyangiritse bikomeye, uburyo burahinduka rwose.
Kugirango wongere ubuzima butandukanye, birakenewe guhora uhindura amavuta arimo, gusukura abahumeka, kugenzura imikorere ya disiki yo gufunga.Iyi mirimo yose ikorwa hubahirijwe amabwiriza yo gufata neza no gusana imodoka.
Hamwe no gufata neza no gukora neza itandukaniro ryikigo, imodoka izumva ifite ikizere no mumihanda igoye cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-14-2023