Iko kutapurirana kweakawanda-axle uye ese-mavhiri dhiraivha mota dzinoshandisa nzira yekugovera torque pakati peakisi yekutyaira - iyo yepakati musiyano.Verenga zvese nezve iyi michina, chinangwa chayo, dhizaini, musimboti wekushanda, pamwe nekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mune chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi pakati musiyano?
Center differential - transmission unit yemotokari dzine mavhiri ane maviri kana anopfuura dhiraivha axles;Meshini inopatsanura torque inouya kubva kune propeller shaft kuita nzizi mbiri dzakazvimiririra, dzinobva dzapihwa kumagiya mabhokisi eiyo drive axles.
Mukufamba kwemota nemota dzine mavhiri ane akati wandei ekutyaira maekisi, mamiriro ezvinhu anomuka anoda kutenderera kwemavhiri emaaxles akasiyana pakumhanya kwakasiyana.Semuyenzaniso, mumotokari dzese-mavhiri, mavhiri emberi, epakati (yemotokari dzakawanda-axle) uye maekisi ekumashure ane nhanho isina kuenzana yeangular velocity pakutendeuka nekufamba, kana uchityaira mumigwagwa ine materu uye panzira dzisina kuenzana, nezvimwe. Kana maekisi ese edhiraivha aine kubatana kwakasimba, saka mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro mamwe mavhiri aitsvedza kana, zvakasiyana, kutsvedza, izvo zvaizokanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwetorque kutendeuka uye kazhinji kukanganisa kufamba kwenzira dzetraffic.Kuti udzivise matambudziko akadaro, imwe nzira yekuwedzera inounzwa mukufambiswa kwemotokari nemotokari dzine akati wandei maekisi ekutyaira - musiyano wepakati.
Iyo yepakati musiyano inoita akati wandei mabasa:
● Kupatsanurwa kwetorque inouya kubva kune propeller shaft kuita hova mbiri, imwe neimwe inopihwa kune gearbox yeimwe drive axle;
● Kushandura torque inopihwa kune imwe neimwe axle zvichienderana nemitoro inoshanda pamavhiri uye neangular velocities;
● Kukiya zvakasiyana-siyana - kupatsanura torque kuita hova mbiri dzakanyatsoenzana kukunda zvikamu zvakaoma zvemugwagwa (kana uchityaira mumigwagwa inotsvedza kana kuti kunze kwemugwagwa).
Iyi nzira yakawana zita rayo kubva kuLatin differentia - musiyano kana musiyano.Mukuita basa, mutsauko unokamura kuyerera kwe torque muzvikamu zviviri, uye nguva mune imwe neimwe yekuyerera inogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe nemumwe (kusvika pakuti iyo yese inopinda inoyerera inoyerera kune imwe axis, uye hapana kune yechipiri. axis), asi huwandu hwenguva mavari hunogara hwakaenzana neiyo inouya torque (kana inenge yakaenzana, sezvo chikamu che torque chakarasika mukusiyanisa pachayo nekuda kwemasimba anopokana).
Musiyano wepakati wemota nhatu-axle inowanzowanikwa pane yepakati axle
Misiyano yepakati inoshandiswa mumotokari dzese nemichina ine maviri kana anopfuura ekutyaira maekisi.Nekudaro, nzvimbo yemuchina uyu inogona kusiyana zvichienderana neiyo vhiri formula uye hunhu hwekufambisa kwemotokari:
● Muchiitiko chekutumira - chinoshandiswa mumotokari 4 × 4, 6 × 6 (zvisarudzo zvinogoneka zvose zvekufambisa chete mberi kwepamberi uye nekufambisa maekisi ose) uye 8 × 8;
● Muchikamu chepakati chekufambisa - chinowanzoshandiswa mumotokari ye6 × 4, asi inowanikwawo pamotokari ina-axle.
Misiyano yepakati, zvisinei nenzvimbo, inopa mukana wekushanda kwakajairika kwemotokari mumamiriro ese emugwagwa.Kusashanda zvakanaka kana kupera kweiyo inosiyanisa sosi kunokanganisa kuita kwemotokari, saka dzinofanirwa kubviswa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.Asi usati wagadzirisa kana kutsiva zvachose nzira iyi, unofanirwa kunzwisisa magadzirirwo ayo uye kushanda kwayo.
Mhando, mudziyo uye musimboti wekushanda kwepakati musiyano
Motokari dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandisa misiyano yepakati yakavakirwa pahwaro hwemapuraneti.Kazhinji, chikwata chinoumbwa nemuviri (unowanzo umbwa nekapu mbiri), mukati umo mune muchinjikwa une satellites (bevel gears) yakabatanidzwa kune maviri hafu-axle gears (drive axle gears).Muviri wakabatanidzwa nenzira yeflange kune propeller shaft, iyo iyo nzira yese inogamuchira kutenderera.Iwo magiya akabatanidzwa nenzira yemashaft kumagiya ekutyaira emagiya makuru emaaxle avo.Ese dhizaini iyi inogona kuiswa mune yayo yega crankcase, yakaiswa pane crankcase yepakati dhiraivha axle, kana mudzimba yekutamisa kesi.
Musiyano wepakati unoshanda sezvinotevera.Nekufamba kwakafanana kwemotokari mumugwagwa une nzvimbo yakadzika uye yakaoma, torque kubva kune propeller shaft inoendeswa kune iyo imba yekusiyanisa uye iyo crosspiece ine ma satellite akaiswa mairi.Sezvo masetelliti achibatana nehafu-axle giya, ese ari maviri anouya mukutenderera uye achiendesa torque kumaekisi avo.Kana, nokuda kwechikonzero chipi nechipi, mavhiri eimwe yeakisi akatanga kudzika, iyo hafu-axle giya inobatanidzwa nebhiriji iri inononoka kutenderera kwayo - ma satellite anotanga kutenderera achitevedza giya iri, izvo zvinotungamira kukurumidza kwekutenderera kwe. yechipiri hafu-ekisi giya.Nekuda kweizvozvo, mavhiri eyechipiri axle anowana angular velocity yakawedzera maererano nemavhiri ekutanga axle - izvi zvinotsiva mutsauko mukutakura mitoro.
Dhizaini yemusiyano wepakati werori
Misiyano yepakati inogona kunge iine misiyano yekugadzira uye maficha ekushanda.Chekutanga pane zvese, misiyano yese yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana nehunhu hwekugovera torque pakati pehova mbiri:
● Symmetrical - govera nguva yakaenzana pakati pehova mbiri;
● Asymmetrical - govera nguva zvisina kuenzana.Izvi zvinowanikwa nekushandisa semi-axial magiya ane nhamba yakasiyana yemazino.
Panguva imwecheteyo, anenge ese epakati akasiyana ane nzira yekuvhara, iyo inogonesa kumanikidzwa kushanda kweiyo unit mune symmetrical torque kugovera.Izvi zvinodikanwa kuti ukunde zvikamu zvakaoma zvemigwagwa, apo mavhiri eimwe axle anogona kubva kure nepamusoro pemugwagwa (kana achikunda maburi) kana kurasikirwa nekufamba nawo (semuenzaniso, kutsvedza pachando kana mumatope).Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, torque yese inopihwa kumavhiri eiyo axle, uye mavhiri ane zvakajairika traction haatenderere zvachose - mota haigone kuramba ichifamba.Iyo yekuvhara michina inogovera torque zvakaenzana pakati peaxles, kudzivirira mavhiri kubva kutenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana - izvi zvinokutendera kuti ukunde zvikamu zvakaoma zvemugwagwa.
Kune marudzi maviri ekuvharira:
● Manual;
● Otomatiki.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, kusiyanisa kunovharwa nemutyairi achishandisa nzira yakakosha, muchiitiko chechipiri, chikwata chinozvivharira pane kuitika kwemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, anotsanangurwa pasi apa.
Iyo manually controlled locking mechanism inowanzoitwa nenzira yekubatanidza mazino, iyo iri pamazino eimwe ye shafts, uye inogona kubatanidzwa nemuviri weyuniti (neimwe yendiro dzayo).Kana ichifamba, clutch inobatanidza zvakasimba shaft uye imba yakasiyana-siyana - munyaya iyi, zvikamu izvi zvinotenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana, uye imwe neimwe yeaxles inogamuchira hafu ye torque yose.Kudzora kweiyo yekuvhara machira mumarori kunowanzo kufambiswa nepneumatically: iyo clutch yegiya inofamba nerubatsiro rweforogo inodzorwa netsvimbo yekamuri yepneumatic yakavakirwa mukati me crankcase yekusiyanisa.Mhepo inopihwa kukamuri neakakosha crane inodzorwa neino chinjana mucab yemota.MumaSUVs nemimwe midziyo isina pneumatic system, kutonga kweiyo yekuvhara nzira inogona kuve mechanic (uchishandisa system yelevers uye tambo) kana electromechanical (uchishandisa mota yemagetsi).
Kuzvivharira-yega misiyano inogona kunge iine nzira dzekukiya dzinotarisa mutsauko we torque kana mutsauko weangular velocities emadhiraivha edhiraivha edhiraivha.Viscous, friction kana cam clutches, pamwe nemamwe mapuraneti kana makonye maitiro (muTorsen-type differentials) uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubatsira zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa senzira dzakadaro.Zvese izvi zvishandiso zvinobvumira imwe torque mutsauko pamabhiriji, pamusoro pawo iwo akavharika.Isu hatizotarise mudziyo uye kushanda kwekuzvivharira-kuzvivharira musiyano pano - nhasi kune akawanda maitirwo ezvirongwa izvi, unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvavo mune akakodzera masosi.
Dhizaini yemusiyano wepakati werori
Nyaya dzekugadzirisa, kugadzirisa uye kuchinjwa kwekusiyana kwepakati
Musiyano wepakati unosangana nemitoro yakakosha panguva yekushanda kwemotokari, saka nekufamba kwenguva zvikamu zvayo zvinosakara uye zvinogona kuparadzwa.Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairwa kwekutapurirana, iyi unit inofanirwa kugara ichiongororwa, kuchengetedzwa uye kugadziriswa.Kazhinji, panguva yekuchengetedzwa kwemazuva ose, kusiyanisa kunoparadzaniswa uye kunokonzerwa nekugadzirisa matambudziko, zvikamu zvose zvakasakara (magiya ane mazino akasakara kana akaputika, zvisimbiso zvemafuta, mabheji, zvikamu zvine kuputika, nezvimwewo) zvinotsiviwa nezvitsva.Muchiitiko chekukuvara kwakakomba, iyo michina inoshanduka zvachose.
Kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwekusiyanisa, zvinodikanwa kuti ugare uchishandura mafuta mairi, kuchenesa mafemu, tarisa kushanda kwekuvhara michina drive.Mabasa ese aya anoitwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa mota.
Nekugadzirisa nguva dzose uye kushanda kwakakodzera kwekusiyana kwepakati, motokari ichanzwa ine chivimbo kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru emugwagwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-14-2023