Ukuhanjiswa kwee-axle ezininzi kunye neenqwelo-moya zonke zisebenzisa indlela yokuhambisa i-torque phakathi kwee-axles zokuqhuba - umahluko ophakathi.Funda konke malunga nalo matshini, injongo yayo, ukuyila, umgaqo wokusebenza, kunye nokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwinqaku.
Yintoni umahluko kwiziko?
Umahluko kwiziko - iyunithi yothumelo yezithuthi ezinamavili ezinee-asi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zokuqhuba;Umatshini owahlula i-torque evela kwi-propeller shaft ibe yimijelo emibini ezimeleyo, ethi emva koko ifakwe kwiibhokisi zegiya ze-axles zokuqhuba.
Kwinkqubo yokuhamba kweemoto kunye neenqwelo ezinamavili ezinee-axles ezininzi zokuqhuba, kuvela iimeko ezifuna ukujikeleza kwamavili ee-axles ezahlukeneyo kwizantya ezahlukeneyo.Umzekelo, kwiimoto eziqhutywa ngamavili onke, amavili angaphambili, aphakathi (kwizithuthi ezininzi ezine-axle) kunye nee-asi zangasemva zinesantya esingalinganiyo se-angular xa ujika kwaye uqhuba, xa uqhuba ezindleleni ezinethambeka nakwindlela engalinganiyo, njl. Ukuba zonke ii-axles zokuqhuba zinodibaniso oluqinileyo, ngoko ke kwiimeko ezinjalo ezinye iivili ziya kutyibilika okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, zityibilike, eziya kuphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwetorque kwaye zichaphazele kakubi ngokubanzi ukuhamba kweendlela zokuhamba.Ukuthintela iingxaki ezinjalo, kufakwe indlela eyongezelelweyo ekuhanjisweni kweemoto kunye neemoto ezinee-asi ezininzi zokuqhuba - umahluko ophakathi.
Umahluko ophakathi wenza imisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukwahlula i-torque evela kwi-propeller shaft ibe yimijelo emibini, nganye enikezelwa kwibhokisi yegiya ye-asi enye yokuqhuba;
● Ukutshintsha i-torque enikezelweyo kwi-asi nganye ngokuxhomekeke kwimithwalo esebenza kumavili kunye nesantya sawo se-angular;
● Ukutshixa iiyantlukwano - ukwahlula itorque ibe yimijelo emibini elinganayo ukoyisa amacandelo anzima endlela (xa uqhuba kwiindlela ezimtyibilizi okanye ngaphandle kwendlela).
Lo matshini wafumana igama kwiLatin differentia - umahluko okanye umahluko.Kwinkqubo yokusebenza, ulwahlulo lwahlulahlula kabini ukuhamba kwe-torque engenayo kubini, kwaye ixesha lokuhamba ngalunye linokwahluka kakhulu komnye nomnye (ukuya kuthi ga kwinto yokuba yonke into engenayo ihamba iye kwi-axis enye, kwaye akukho nto ukuya kweyesibini. i-axis), kodwa i-sum of the moments kuzo isoloko ilingana ne-torque engenayo (okanye iphantse ilingane, ekubeni inxalenye yetorque ilahleka ngokwahlukileyo ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yemikhosi ekhuphisanayo).
Umahluko ophakathi wezithuthi ezineesile ezintathu zihlala zibekwe kwi-asi ephakathi
Izahlulo zamaziko zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimoto kunye noomatshini abanee-asi zokuqhuba ezimbini nangaphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, indawo yolu matshini inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwifomula yevili kunye neempawu zokuhanjiswa kwesithuthi:
● Kwimeko yokutshintshwa - esetyenziswe kwiimoto 4 × 4, 6 × 6 (ukhetho lunokwenzeka zombini ukuqhuba kuphela i-axle yangaphambili kunye nokuqhuba zonke ii-axles) kunye ne-8 × 8;
● Kwi-intermediate drive axle - esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimoto ze-6 × 4, kodwa ifumaneka nakwiimoto ezine-axle.
Ukwahluka kweziko, kungakhathaliseki indawo, kubonelela ngokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesithuthi kuzo zonke iimeko zendlela.Ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukuncipha komthombo ohlukeneyo kuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwemoto, ngoko ke kufuneka zipheliswe ngokukhawuleza.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ulungise okanye utshintshe ngokupheleleyo lo matshini, kufuneka uqonde ukuyila kunye nokusebenza kwayo.
Iintlobo, isixhobo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kokwahluka kweziko
Iimoto ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisa umahluko phakathi kwamaziko owakhelwe kwisiseko seendlela zeplanethi.Ngokubanzi, iyunithi iqulathe umzimba (ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe iikomityi ezimbini), ngaphakathi apho kukho umnqamlezo kunye neesathelayithi (bevel gears) ezidityaniswe ezimbini isiqingatha-axle gears (drive axle gears).Umzimba udityaniswe ngeflange kwi-propeller shaft, apho yonke indlela ifumana ukujikeleza.Iigiya zidityaniswe ngokusetyenziswa kwee-shafts kwi-drive gears ze-axles eziphambili zazo.Lonke olu yilo lunokubekwa kwikhrankcase yalo, luxhonywe kwikhrankcase ye-axle yokuqhuba ephakathi, okanye kwindlu yetyala lokudlulisela.
Umahluko ophakathi usebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Ngokuhamba okufanayo kwemoto kwindlela ene-flat and hard surface, i-torque esuka kwi-propeller shaft idluliselwa kwizindlu ezihlukeneyo kunye ne-crosspiece ene-satellites ehleliweyo kuyo.Kuba iisathelayithi zisebenzisana neegiya ezinesiqingatha se-axle, zombini ziphinda zijikeleze kwaye zisasaze i-torque kwii-axles zazo.Ukuba, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, amavili yenye yee-axles aqala ukucotha, i-half-axle gear ehambelana nale bhulorho iyacotha ukujikeleza kwayo - iisathelayithi ziqala ukuqengqeleka kule gear, ekhokelela ekukhawuleziseni ukujikeleza kwe-axle. igiya yesibini ye-asi.Ngenxa yoko, amavili e-axle yesibini afumana i-angular velocity eyandisiweyo ngokumalunga namavili e-axle yokuqala - oku kuhlawulela umahluko kwimithwalo ye-axle.
Uyilo lokwahluka kweziko elorini
Umahluko kumbindi unokuba nokwahlukana koyilo kunye neempawu zokusebenza.Okokuqala, zonke iiyantlukwano zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokweempawu zokusasazwa kwetorque phakathi kwemijelo emibini:
● Ukwahlula-hlula ixesha ngokulinganayo phakathi kwemijelo emibini;
● I-asymmetrical - yabe ixesha ngokungalinganiyo.Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa i-semi-axial gear kunye nenani elahlukileyo lamazinyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, phantse zonke iindidi zamaziko zinendlela yokutshixa, eqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokunyanzeliswa kweyunithi kwindlela yokusabalalisa i-torque ye-symmetrical.Oku kuyimfuneko ukoyisa amacandelo anzima eendlela, xa amavili e-axle enye inokugqabhuka kude nomgangatho wendlela (xa ukoyisa imingxuma) okanye ulahlekelwe yintambo kunye nayo (umzekelo, ukutyibilika emkhenkceni okanye eludakeni).Kwiimeko ezinjalo, yonke i-torque inikezelwa kumavili ale axle, kwaye amavili ane-tracking eqhelekileyo ayijikelezi konke konke - imoto ayikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhamba.Umatshini wokutshixa usasaza i-torque ngokulinganayo phakathi kwee-axles, ukuthintela amavili ukuba ajikeleze ngesantya esahlukileyo - oku kukuvumela ukuba woyise amacandelo eendlela ezinzima.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokuthintela:
● Imanyuwali;
● Iyazenzekela.
Kwimeko yokuqala, ulwahlulo luvalwe ngumqhubi usebenzisa indlela ekhethekileyo, kwimeko yesibini, iyunithi iyazitshixa ngokuvela kweemeko ezithile, ezichazwe ngezantsi.
Indlela yokutshixa elawulwa ngesandla ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngendlela yokudibanisa kwamazinyo, ebekwe kumazinyo enye yeeshafu, kwaye inokuzibandakanya kunye nomzimba weyunithi (ngesinye sezitya zayo).Xa uhamba, i-clutch idibanisa ngokungqongqo i-shaft kunye nezindlu ezihlukeneyo - kule meko, ezi nxalenye zijikeleza ngesantya esifanayo, kwaye i-axles nganye ifumana isiqingatha se-torque epheleleyo.Ukulawulwa kwendlela yokutshixa kwiilori zihlala ziqhutywa nge-pneumatically: i-clutch yegiya ihamba ngoncedo lwefolokhwe elawulwa yintonga yegumbi le-pneumatic elakhiwe kwi-crankcase yokwahlukana.Umoya unikezelwa kwigumbi nge-crane ekhethekileyo elawulwa ngumtshintshi ohambelanayo kwi-cab yemoto.Kwii-SUVs kunye nezinye izixhobo ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-pneumatic, ukulawulwa kwendlela yokutshixa ingaba ngumatshini (usebenzisa inkqubo ye-levers kunye neentambo) okanye i-electromechanical (usebenzisa i-motor motor).
Ukuzitshixa ngokwahlukileyo kunokuba neendlela zokutshixa ezibeka esweni umahluko we-torque okanye umahluko kwizantya ze-angular ze-axles zokuqhuba ze-axles zokuqhuba.I-Viscous, i-friction okanye i-cam clutches, kunye neendlela ezongezelelweyo zeplanethi okanye iintshulube (kwi-Torsen-type differentials) kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo zingasetyenziswa njengezo ndlela.Zonke ezi zixhobo zivumela umahluko othile we-torque kwiibhulorho, ngaphezulu kwazo zivaliwe.Asiyi kuqwalasela isixhobo kunye nokusebenza kwezahlulo zokuzivalela apha - namhlanje kukho ukuphunyezwa okuninzi kwezi ndlela, unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nabo kwimithombo efanelekileyo.
Uyilo lokwahluka kweziko elorini
Imiba yogcino, ukulungiswa nokutshintshwa kweyantlukwano yeziko
Umahluko weziko ufumana imithwalo ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwemoto, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha iindawo zayo zigugile kwaye zinokutshatyalaliswa.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kokudluliselwa, le yunithi kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo, igcinwe kwaye ilungiswe.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngexesha lokugcinwa kwesiqhelo, ukuhlukana kuyachithwa kwaye kuxhomekeke ekuxazululeni iingxaki, zonke iindawo ezigugileyo (iigiya ezinamazinyo ezigugileyo okanye eziqhekekileyo, izitywina zeoli, iibheringi, iinxalenye ezineentambo, njl. njl.) zitshintshwa zibe zintsha.Kwimeko yomonakalo omkhulu, indlela itshintsha ngokupheleleyo.
Ukwandisa ubomi bokwahlukana, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha rhoqo ioli kuyo, ukucoca i-breathers, khangela ukusebenza kwe-locking mechanism drive.Yonke le misebenzi yenziwa ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwesithuthi.
Ngokugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kokwahluka kweziko, imoto iya kuziva inentembelo nakwiimeko zendlela ezinzima kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-14-2023