M'makina amakono oziziritsa injini, mayunitsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezera kukulitsa kwamafuta ndi kutulutsa kwamadzimadzi - akasinja okulitsa.Werengani zonse za akasinja okulitsa, cholinga chawo, kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso kusankha koyenera ndikusintha gawo ili m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi thanki yowonjezera ndi chiyani?
Tanki yowonjezera - gawo la makina ozizira amadzimadzi a injini zoyatsira mkati;Chombo chopangidwa mwapadera chomwe chimapangidwira kubwezera kutayikira ndi kukulitsa kutentha kwa zoziziritsa zomwe zimazungulira mudongosolo.
Matanki okulitsa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina ena agalimoto, mathirakitala ndi zida zapadera: mu chiwongolero champhamvu (chiwongolero champhamvu) ndi machitidwe a hydraulic pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.Kawirikawiri, ponena za cholinga ndi mapangidwe, akasinjawa ndi ofanana ndi akasinja a dongosolo lozizira, ndipo mawonekedwe awo apadera akufotokozedwa pansipa.
Tanki yowonjezera imagwira ntchito zingapo:
● Kulipirira kukulitsa kutentha kwa choziziritsira injini ikatenthedwa - madzi ochulukirapo amayenda kuchokera m'dongosolo kupita mu thanki, kuletsa kukula kwamphamvu;
● Kulipiritsa kutayikira koziziritsa kuzizira - madzi ena amadzimadzi nthawi zonse amasungidwa mu thanki, yomwe, ngati kuli kofunikira, imalowa m'dongosolo (pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa madzi, mlengalenga panthawi ya kutenthedwa, pakatuluka pang'ono, ndi zina zotero);
● Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi m'dongosolo (pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zoyenera pa tanki ndi sensa yomangidwa).
Kukhalapo kwa thanki muzitsulo zoziziritsa zamadzimadzi ndi chifukwa cha makhalidwe ndi thupi lazozizira - madzi kapena antifreeze.Pamene kutentha kumakwera, madziwo, malinga ndi coefficient yake ya kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha, amawonjezeka mu voliyumu, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika mu dongosolo.Ndi kutentha kwakukulu, madzi (makamaka madzi) amatha kuwira - pamenepa, kupanikizika kwakukulu kumatulutsidwa mumlengalenga kudzera mu valve ya nthunzi yomwe imapangidwira mu pulagi ya radiator.Komabe, ndi kuzizira kotsatira kwa injini, madziwo amapeza voliyumu yabwino, ndipo popeza gawo lina linatayika panthawi yotulutsa nthunzi, kupanikizika kwa dongosolo kumatsika - ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga, valavu ya mpweya imapangidwira pulagi ya radiator imatsegulidwa, kupanikizika mu dongosolo kumayenderana ndi mlengalenga.Pankhaniyi, mpweya umalowa m'dongosolo, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa - mapulagi a mpweya amapanga machubu a radiator omwe amalepheretsa kuyenda kwamadzimadzi.Chifukwa chake mutatha kutuluka magazi, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa madzi kapena antifreeze.
Ma antifreezes amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta ochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi madzi, kotero njira zomwe tafotokozazi zimachitika kwambiri.Kuti athetse zotsatira zoyipazi, thanki yokulirapo yolumikizidwa ndi radiator imalowetsedwa munjira yozizira.Kutentha kukakwera, madzi owonjezera amangotulutsidwa mu thanki, ndipo injini ikazizira, imabwerera ku dongosolo.Izi kwambiri kumawonjezera poyambira kutulutsa nthunzi mumlengalenga ndi kumawonjezera imeneyi pakati replenishments wa madzi mlingo mu dongosolo.
Tanki yowonjezera imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa makina oziziritsa komanso mphamvu yonse yamagetsi, kotero ngati itasokonekera, iyenera kusinthidwa.Kuti musankhe tanki yoyenera ndikukonza moyenera, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo komanso mawonekedwe a magawowa.
Mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a matanki okulitsa
Matanki okulitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana, omwe ndi osavuta.Ichi ndi chidebe chokhala ndi voliyumu yosapitirira 3 - 5 malita, mawonekedwe ake omwe amakonzedwa kuti aziyika mu chipinda cha injini ya galimoto.Pakali pano, ambiri ndi akasinja opangidwa translucent pulasitiki woyera, koma zitsulo ndi pa msika (monga lamulo, akale magalimoto apanyumba VAZ, GAZ ndi magalimoto ena).Pali zinthu zingapo mu tanki:
● Khosi lodzaza, lotsekedwa ndi pulagi yokhala ndi nthunzi ndi ma valve a mpweya;
● Kulumikiza payipi kuchokera pa radiator yozizira ya injini;
● Zosankha - zoyenera kulumikiza payipi kuchokera ku thermostat;
● Zosankha - zoyenera kulumikiza payipi kuchokera ku radiator ya chotenthetsera cha kanyumba;
● Mwachisawawa - khosi poyika kachipangizo kozizira.
Makina ozizira a injini ndi malo a thanki yowonjezeramo
Chifukwa chake, mu thanki iliyonse payenera kukhala khosi lodzaza ndi pulagi ndi koyenera kulumikiza payipi kuchokera ku radiator yayikulu kuti muziziziritsa mphamvu.Paipi iyi imatchedwa payipi yotulutsa nthunzi, chifukwa choziziritsa chotentha ndi nthunzi zimatuluka kudzera pa radiator.Ndi kasinthidwe kameneka, koyenera kumakhala pamalo otsika kwambiri a thanki.Ili ndiye yankho losavuta, koma kubweza kwa kutulutsa koziziritsa kumachitika kudzera pa radiator, zomwe nthawi zina zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito oziziritsa.
M'matangi ambiri, payipi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti ilumikizane ndi chotenthetsera, pamenepa payipi yotulutsa nthunzi imalumikizidwa ndi kumtunda kwa thanki (pa mbali imodzi ya makoma ake), koyenera kulumikiza chotenthetsera. radiator ali ndi malo omwewo.Ndipo payipi yopita ku thermostat imachotsedwa pachoyenera pansi pa thanki.Kukonzekera kumeneku kumapereka kudzazidwa kwabwino kwa makina oziziritsa ndi madzi ogwira ntchito kuchokera ku thanki, kawirikawiri, dongosololi limagwira ntchito bwino komanso modalirika.
Pafupifupi matanki onse okulitsa amakono amagwiritsa ntchito sensa yamadzimadzi yomwe imapangidwira pakhosi lopangidwa mwapadera.Nthawi zambiri ndi alamu ya mapangidwe osavuta, omwe amadziwitsa za kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mulingo woziziritsa, koma, mosiyana ndi sensa yamafuta, sizimadziwitsa za kuchuluka kwamadzi mudongosolo.Sensa imalumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chofananira pa dashboard yagalimoto.
Pulagi ya tank yowonjezera yokhala ndi ma valve osiyana
Pulagi ya thanki yowonjezera, monga pulagi ya rediyeta yayikulu, ili ndi mavavu omangidwira: nthunzi (kuthamanga kwakukulu) kuti athetse kupanikizika pamene choziziritsa chikatenthedwa kwambiri, ndi mpweya kuti ufanane ndi kupanikizika mu dongosolo likazizira.Awa ndi ma valve wamba omwe amadzaza ndi masika omwe amayamba pomwe kupanikizika kwina mkati mwa thanki kumafika - kupanikizika kumawonjezeka, valavu ya nthunzi imatulutsidwa, pamene kuthamanga kumachepa, valavu ya mpweya.Mavavu amatha kukhala padera kapena kuphatikizidwa kukhala chinthu chimodzi.
Radiator ndi pulagi ya thanki yowonjezera yokhala ndi mavavu ophatikizika omwe ali pamtunda womwewo
Sitimayo imayikidwa mu chipinda cha injini pafupi ndi radiator, kulumikiza izo ndi zigawo zina pogwiritsa ntchito ma hoses a rabara a magawo osiyanasiyana.Tanki imakwezedwa pang'ono pamwamba pa radiator (nthawi zambiri mzere wake wapakati umagwirizana ndi gawo lapamwamba la radiator), zomwe zimatsimikizira kutuluka kwamadzi (mwa mphamvu yokoka) kuchokera ku tanki kupita ku radiator ndi / kapena ku nyumba ya thermostat.Tanki ndi radiator zimapanga dongosolo la zotengera zoyankhulirana, kotero kuchuluka kwa madzi mu thanki kumathanso kuyerekezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwamadzi mu radiator.Kuti muwongolere, sikelo kapena zilembo zosiyana zokhala ndi zolozera "Min" ndi "Max" zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku tanki.
Matanki owonjezera owongolera mphamvu ndi ma hydraulics ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana, koma amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokha, chifukwa amagwira ntchito movutikira kwambiri.Komanso m'zigawozi mulibe masensa mlingo ndi zizindikiro, koma pulagi ali kwenikweni okonzeka ndi mavavu kuti equalize kupanikizika dongosolo mu modes zosiyanasiyana.Ma hoses amalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo apadera, nthawi zina mothandizidwa ndi zida za ulusi.
Nkhani zakusankha koyenera ndikusinthanso thanki yowonjezera
Panthawi yoyendetsa galimotoyo, thanki yowonjezera imayang'aniridwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kutsika kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi malo owononga (antifreeze, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, mafuta, mafuta, etc.) - zonsezi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa thanki ndi kapu ya filler.Mavuto ambiri a akasinja apulasitiki ndi ming'alu m'thupi ndi kuphulika chifukwa cha kukula kwamphamvu kwambiri.Muzochitika zonsezi, thanki iyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo kukonzanso kuyenera kupangidwa mwamsanga.
Ndi thanki yokha ya mtundu ndi nambala ya catalog yomwe idayikidwa pagalimoto ndi wopanga ndiyomwe imayenera kusinthidwa - iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti dongosolo lonse likuyenda bwino.Ngati pulagi ilinso yopanda dongosolo (monga momwe zimasonyezedwera ndi kuphulika kwa thanki chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa valve ya nthunzi), ndiye kuti muyenera kugula.Ngati pulagi yakale ikugwira ntchito bwino, ndiye kuti ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa thanki yatsopano.Chiyerekezo chakale chamadzimadzi, monga lamulo, chimayikidwanso pa thanki yatsopano popanda mavuto.
Kusintha kwa thanki yowonjezera kuyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malangizo a kukonza galimotoyo.Nthawi zambiri, kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhetsa antifreeze, kulumikiza ma hoses onse ku thanki yakale, kutulutsa thanki (imakhala ndi zomangira, nthawi zina ndi zomangira zowonjezera) ndikuyika gawo latsopano motsatira dongosolo.Nthawi yomweyo, pangakhale kofunikira kusintha ma clamps akale, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamalira nthawi yomweyo kugula kwawo.Ndipo ngati pulagi yakale yaikidwa, iyenera kufufuzidwa ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyeretsedwa.
Pambuyo kukhazikitsa, ndikofunikira kudzaza antifreeze yatsopano ndikutseka pulagi, ndikusankha koyenera, kusinthanitsa ndi kulumikizidwa kwa thanki yatsopano, dongosolo lonselo liyamba kugwira ntchito moyenera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuziziritsa koyenera kwa gawo lamagetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-17-2023