Ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokupholisa injini, amayunithi asetshenziselwa ukunxephezela ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa nokuvuza koketshezi - amathangi okunweba.Funda konke mayelana namathangi okunweba, inhloso yawo, ukwakheka nezici, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwale ngxenye esihlokweni.
Liyini ithange lokunweba?
Ithangi lokunweba - iyunithi yesistimu yokupholisa uketshezi yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi;Umkhumbi oklanywe ngokukhethekile oklanyelwe ukunxephezela ukuvuza nokunwetshwa okushisayo kwesipholile esijikelezayo ohlelweni.
Amathangi okunweba abuye asetshenziswe kwezinye izinhlelo zezimoto, ogandaganda kanye nemishini ekhethekile: esiteringini samandla (isiteringi samandla) kanye nasezinhlelweni zama-hydraulic ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.Ngokuvamile, ngokwenhloso nokuklama, lawa amathangi afana namathangi esistimu yokupholisa, futhi izici zabo ezihlukile zichazwe ngezansi.
Ithangi lokunweba lenza imisebenzi eminingana:
● Isinxephezelo sokunwetshwa okushisayo kwesipholile lapho injini ishisa - uketshezi oluningi lugeleza lusuka ohlelweni luye ethangini, okuvimbela ukukhula komfutho;
● Isinxephezelo sokuvuza okupholile - uketshezi oluthile luhlala lugcinwe ethangini, okuthi, uma kunesidingo, lungene ohlelweni (ngemuva kokukhishwa koketshezi, umkhathi ngesikhathi sokushisa ngokweqile, uma kwenzeka ukuvuza okuncane, njll.);
● Ukuqapha izinga lokupholisa uhlelo (usebenzisa amamaki afanele emzimbeni wethangi kanye nenzwa eyakhelwe ngaphakathi).
Ukuba khona kwethangi ohlelweni lokupholisa uketshezi kungenxa yezimpawu kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-coolant - amanzi noma i-antifreeze.Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, uketshezi, ngokuhambisana ne-coefficient yalo yokwanda okushisayo, ukwanda kwevolumu, okuholela ekwandeni kokucindezela ohlelweni.Ngokunyuka ngokweqile kwezinga lokushisa, uketshezi (ikakhulukazi amanzi) lungabilisa - kulokhu, ukucindezela ngokweqile kukhishwa emkhathini nge-valve ye-steam eyakhelwe kupulaki ye-radiator.Kodwa-ke, ngokupholisa okulandelayo kwenjini, uketshezi luthola ivolumu evamile, futhi njengoba ingxenye yalo yalahleka ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-steam, ingcindezi ohlelweni iyancipha - ngokunciphisa ngokweqile kwengcindezi, i-valve yomoya eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. ipulaki yerediyetha iyavuleka, ingcindezi ohlelweni ihambisana nomkhathi.Kulokhu, umoya ungena ohlelweni, olungase lube nomthelela omubi - ama-air plugs afaka amashubhu e-radiator avimbela ukujikeleza kwamanzi okuvamile.Ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuphuma kwe-steam, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa izinga lamanzi noma i-antifreeze.
Ama-antifreeze ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ane-coefficient ephezulu yokwanda okushisayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanzi, ngakho izinqubo ezichazwe ngenhla zenzeka kakhulu.Ukuze kuqedwe le miphumela emibi, ithangi lokunweba elixhunywe kurediyetha lingeniswa ohlelweni lokupholisa.Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, uketshezi oluningi luvele lukhishelwe ethangini, futhi lapho injini ipholile, ibuyela ohlelweni.Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu umkhawulo wokukhiphela isitimu emkhathini futhi kukhulisa isikhawu phakathi kokugcwaliswa kabusha kwezinga le-liquid ohlelweni.
I-tank yokwandisa idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yokupholisa kanye nayo yonke iyunithi yamandla, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukungasebenzi, kufanele kushintshwe.Ukuze ukhethe ithangi elifanele futhi wenze ukulungisa kahle, kufanele uqale uqonde izinhlobo ezikhona nezici zalezi zingxenye.
Idizayini kanye nezici zamathangi okunweba
Amathangi okunweba asetshenziswa namuhla anomklamo ofanayo ngokuyisisekelo, okulula.Lesi isitsha esinomthamo ongekho ngaphezu kwama-3 - 5 amalitha, ukwakheka kwawo okulungiselelwe ukubekwa endaweni yenjini yemoto.Njengamanje, okuvame kakhulu amathangi enziwe ngepulasitiki emhlophe ekhanyayo, kodwa imikhiqizo yensimbi nayo isemakethe (njengomthetho, izimoto ezindala zasekhaya i-VAZ, i-GAZ namanye amaloli).Kunezici eziningana ku-tank:
● Intamo yokugcwalisa, ivalwe ngepulaki ene-steam nama-valve omoya;
● Ukufakela ukuxhuma ipayipi elivela kurediyetha yokupholisa injini;
● Ongakukhetha - isilinganisi sokuxhuma ipayipi elisuka ku-thermostat;
● Ongakukhetha - isifakelo sokuxhuma ipayipi elivela kurediyetha ye-heater yekhabhinethi;
● Ngokuzithandela - intamo yokufaka inzwa yeleveli yokupholisa.
Isistimu yokupholisa injini kanye nendawo yethangi lokunweba kuyo
Ngakho-ke, kunoma yiliphi ithangi kufanele kube nentamo yokugcwalisa ngepulaki kanye nokufaneleka kokuxhuma i-hose kusuka ku-radiator eyinhloko yokupholisa iyunithi yamandla.Le hose ibizwa ngokuthi ipayipi le-steam exhaust, njengoba into epholile eshisayo nesitimu kukhishwa kurediyetha ngayo.Ngalokhu kumiswa, ukufakwa kutholakala endaweni ephansi yethangi.Lesi yisixazululo esilula, kodwa isinxephezelo sokuvuza okupholile kwenziwa nge-radiator, okuthi kwezinye izimo kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa.
Emathangeni amaningi, i-hose isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ku-thermostat, kulokhu ipayipi yokukhipha umusi ixhunywe endaweni engenhla yethangi (kolunye lwezindonga zalo eziseceleni), ukufaneleka kokuxhuma ku-heater. Irediyetha inesikhundla esifanayo.Futhi ipayipi eliya ku-thermostat liyasuswa ekufakweni phansi kwethangi.Lo mklamo uhlinzeka ngokugcwaliswa okungcono kwesistimu yokupholisa ngoketshezi olusebenzayo olusuka ku-tank, ngokuvamile, uhlelo lusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi luthembekile.
Cishe wonke amathangi okunweba esimanje asebenzisa inzwa yezinga le-liquid eyakhelwe entanyeni eklanywe ngokukhethekile.Ngokuvamile kuba i-alamu yomklamo olula, okwazisa ngokuncipha okubucayi kwezinga lokupholisa, kodwa, ngokungafani nenzwa yezinga likaphethiloli, ayazisi ngenani lamanje loketshezi ohlelweni.Inzwa ixhunywe kusibonisi esihambisanayo kudeshibhodi yemoto.
Ipulaki yethangi lokunweba elinama-valve ahlukene
Ipulaki yethangi lokunweba, njengepulaki yerediyetha eyinhloko, inamavalvu akhelwe ngaphakathi: isitimu (umfutho ophakeme) wokukhulula ingcindezi lapho into epholisayo ishisa kakhulu, nomoya wokulinganisa ukucindezela ohlelweni lapho kuphola.Lawa ama-valve ajwayelekile alayishwe entwasahlobo aqala lapho ukucindezela okuthile ngaphakathi kwethangi kufinyelelwa - lapho ingcindezi ikhuphuka, i-valve yesitimu iyakhishelwa ngaphandle, lapho ukucindezela kuncipha, i-valve yomoya.Ama-valve angatholakala ngokuhlukana noma ahlanganiswe abe isakhiwo esisodwa.
I-Radiator nepulaki yethangi lokunweba elinama-valve ahlanganisiwe atholakala ku-eksisi efanayo
I-tank ifakwe endaweni yenjini eduze kwe-radiator, ixhuma kuyo nezinye izingxenye ngokusebenzisa amapayipi enjoloba ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zesiphambano.I-tank iphakanyiswe kancane ngaphezu kwe-radiator (imvamisa umugqa ophakathi nendawo uqondana nezinga eliphezulu le-radiator), okuqinisekisa ukugeleza okukhululekile koketshezi (nge-gravity) ukusuka ethangini kuya kurediyetha kanye / noma kuya endlini ye-thermostat.I-tank ne-radiator yakha uhlelo lwemikhumbi yokuxhumana, ngakho izinga loketshezi ethangini lingabuye lilinganiswe ngezinga loketshezi ku-radiator.Ukuze ulawule, isikali noma amamaki ahlukene anezikhombi "Min" kanye "Max" angasetshenziswa emzimbeni wethangi.
Amathangi okwandisa amasistimu okuqondisa amandla kanye nama-hydraulics anomklamo ofanayo, kodwa enziwe kuphela ngensimbi, njengoba esebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu.Futhi kulezi zingxenye azikho izinzwa zezinga namamaki, kodwa ipulaki ifakwe ama-valve ukulinganisa ukucindezela ohlelweni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.Ama-hoses axhunywe ngokusebenzisa amathiphu akhethekile, ngezinye izikhathi ngosizo lwezintambo ezinezintambo.
Izinkinga zokukhethwa okufanele nokushintshwa kwethangi lokunweba
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, ithangi lokunweba livezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukwehla kwengcindezi enkulu kanye nezindawo ezigqwalile (i-antifreeze, i-exhaust gases, uphethiloli, uwoyela, njll.) - konke lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kwe-tank kanye ne-filler cap.Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zamathangi epulasitiki ziyimifantu emzimbeni kanye nokuphuka ngenxa yokukhula kwengcindezi ngokweqile.Kunoma isiphi salezi zimo, ithangi kufanele lishintshwe, futhi ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ithangi kuphela lohlobo nenombolo yekhathalogi efakwe emotweni ngumenzi okufanele ithathwe ukuze ishintshwe - lena ukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uhlelo.Uma ipulaki nayo ingekho ohlelweni (njengoba ngokuvamile kuboniswa ukuphuka kwe-tank ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-valve ye-steam), udinga ukuyithenga.Uma ipulaki elidala lisebenza kahle, lingafakwa ethangini elisha.I-gauge yezinga le-liquid endala, njengomthetho, iphinde ibekwe ethangini elisha ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ukushintshwa kwethangi lokunweba kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa imoto.Imvamisa, ukwenza lo msebenzi, udinga ukukhipha i-antifreeze, unqamule wonke amapayipi ethangini elidala, uqaqa ithangi (libanjwa i-clamp, kwesinye isikhathi ngezikulufo ezengeziwe) bese ufaka ingxenye entsha ngokulandelana.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ushintshe ama-clamps amadala, ngakho-ke kufanele unakekele ukuthenga kwabo ngokushesha.Futhi uma ipulaki endala ifakiwe, khona-ke idinga ukuhlolwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, ihlanzwe.
Ngemuva kokufakwa, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa i-antifreeze entsha bese uvala ipulaki, ngokukhetha okulungile, ukushintshwa nokuxhumeka kwe-tank entsha, lonke uhlelo luzoqala ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngokushesha, luqinisekise ukupholisa okuphumelelayo kweyunithi yamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-17-2023