Muri disikuru yimodoka hafi ya zose zifite ibiziga harimo ibintu byohereza imbaraga kuva muburyo bwimikorere kugeza kumuziga - inkoni.Byose bijyanye no kuyobora, ubwoko bwabyo, igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibisabwa, kimwe no guhitamo neza no gusimbuza ibi bice - soma mu ngingo yatanzwe.
Kuyobora ni iki?
Inkoni yo kuyobora - ikintu cyimodoka yo kuyobora ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga (usibye ibimashini nibindi bikoresho bifite ikariso yamenetse);igice kimeze nk'inkoni hamwe n'umupira uhuriweho (hinges) utanga ihererekanyabubasha riva muburyo bwo kuyobora kugeza kuntoki zumuzingi uzunguruka no mubindi bice bigize moteri.
Imiyoborere yimodoka igabanijwemo ibice bibiri byingenzi: uburyo bwo kuyobora no gutwara.Uburyo bwo kuyobora bugenzurwa na ruline, hamwe nubufasha bwayo hashyizweho imbaraga zo guhinduranya ibiziga.Izi mbaraga zoherezwa kumuziga hifashishijwe ikinyabiziga, ni sisitemu yinkoni na leveri bihujwe na hinges.Kimwe mu bice byingenzi bigize disiki iratandukanye ahantu, igishushanyo nintego yinkoni.
Imikorere myinshi yashinzwe kuyobora inkoni:
● Kohereza imbaraga ziva muburyo bwo kuyobora ibice bifitanye isano na disiki no mu buryo butaziguye ku cyerekezo cy’ibizunguruka;
Gufata inguni yatoranijwe yo kuzunguruka yibiziga mugihe ukora imyitozo;
Guhindura inguni yo kuzunguruka kwizunguruka bitewe nu mwanya wimodoka hamwe nibindi byahinduwe nibikoresho muri rusange.
Inkoni ziyobora zikemura inshingano zishinzwe kwimura imbaraga ziva muburyo bwo kuyobora zikayobora ibiziga, bityo, mugihe bidakora neza, ibi bice bigomba gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.Ariko kugirango uhitemo neza inkoni nshya, birakenewe gusobanukirwa ubwoko buriho, igishushanyo nibiranga ibi bice.
Ubwoko nuburyo bukoreshwa bwinkoni
Ubwoko nigishushanyo cya trapezoidal
Inkoni yo kuyobora irashobora kugabanwa muburyo butandukanye kubwintego, gukoreshwa hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya.
Ukurikije ibisabwa byo gutera, hari ubwoko bubiri:
● Kuri sisitemu yo kuyobora ishingiye ku inyo nubundi buryo bwo kuyobora hamwe na trapezoidal ikora;
● Kubijyanye na sisitemu yo kuyobora ishingiye kumurongo hamwe na moteri itaziguye.
Muri sisitemu yubwoko bwa mbere (hamwe na trapezoide yo kuyobora), hakoreshwa inkoni ebyiri cyangwa eshatu, bitewe n'ubwoko bwo guhagarika imitambiko igenzurwa na gahunda ya trapeze:
● Kuri axle hamwe no guhagarikwa biterwa: inkoni ebyiri - imwe ndende, ituruka kuri bipodi, hamwe na transvers imwe, ihujwe na leveri ya swivel fistes yibiziga;
● Kumurongo hamwe no guhagarikwa byigenga: inkoni eshatu - imwe ndende ndende (hagati), ihujwe na bipod yuburyo bwo kuyobora, hamwe nimpande ebyiri ndende, ihuza hagati hamwe na levers ya swivel cams yibiziga.
Hariho kandi variant za trapezoide kumurongo hamwe no guhagarikwa kwigenga hamwe ninkoni ebyiri zimpande zifitanye isano na bipod iyobora hagati.Nyamara, disiki yiyi gahunda ikoreshwa cyane mubuyobozi bushingiye ku kuyobora, byasobanuwe hano hepfo.
Twabibutsa ko muri trapezoide yo kuyobora kuri axe hamwe no guhagarikwa kwigenga, mubyukuri, inkoni imwe ikoreshwa, igabanijwemo ibice bitatu - byitwa gusunika.Gukoresha ibikoresho byaciwe byaciwe birinda gutandukana kwizunguruka ryizunguruka iyo utwaye mumihanda itaringaniye bitewe na amplitude atandukanye yo kunyeganyega kwiziga ryiburyo n'ibumoso.Trapezoid ubwayo irashobora kuba iri imbere ninyuma yumurongo wibiziga, muburyo bwa mbere byitwa imbere, mubwa kabiri - inyuma (ntutekereze rero ko "trapezoide yinyuma" aribwo buryo bwo kuyobora buherereye ku murongo w'inyuma w'imodoka).
Muri sisitemu yo kuyobora ishingiye kumurongo, hakoreshwa inkoni ebyiri gusa - iburyo n'ibumoso bihinduranya iburyo n'ibumoso.Mubyukuri, ni trapezoid iyobora hamwe no gutandukana kurekure, ifite hinge hagati - iki gisubizo cyoroshya cyane igishushanyo mbonera, cyongera kwizerwa.Inkoni zubu buryo burigihe zifite igishushanyo mbonera, ibice byinyuma byiswe inama yo kuyobora.
Inkoni yo kuyobora irashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda abiri ukurikije amahirwe yo guhindura uburebure bwayo:
● Ntibishobora guhinduka - inkoni imwe ifite uburebure bwatanzwe, ikoreshwa muri drives hamwe nizindi nkoni zishobora guhinduka cyangwa ibindi bice;
Guhindurwa - inkoni ikomatanya, bitewe nibice bimwe, irashobora guhindura uburebure bwayo mumipaka runaka kugirango ihindure ibikoresho.
Hanyuma, gukurura birashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda menshi ukurikije ibisabwa - kubinyabiziga namakamyo, kubinyabiziga bifite kandi bidafite ingufu, nibindi.
Igishushanyo mbonera
Igishushanyo cyoroheje gifite inkoni zidashobora guhindurwa - ishingiro ryabo ni inkoni yuzuye cyangwa ibyuma byose byerekana umwirondoro runaka (birashobora kugororoka cyangwa kugororwa ukurikije imiterere yimodoka), kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi zirimo umupira ingingo.Hinges - idatandukanijwe, igizwe numubiri ufite urutoki rwumupira ruherereye imbere hamwe nu mugozi wumutwe wikamba hamwe nu mwobo uhinduranya pin;Hinge irashobora gufungwa hamwe na reberi kugirango irinde umwanda namazi.Kuruhande rwa transvers, intoki zintoki zifatizo zumupira zitondekanijwe mumurongo umwe cyangwa kuzenguruka kuruhande ruto.Kubirebire birebire, amashoka yintoki za hinges mubisanzwe arikumwe.
Bimwe muburyo bugoye gushushanya bifite inkingi zidahinduka.Muri ubwo buryo, hashobora gutangwa ibindi bintu:
● Mu nkoni ya axle hamwe no guhagarikwa biterwa - umwobo cyangwa hinge kugirango uhuze na bipod;
● Mu nkoni za axles hamwe no kwigenga byigenga - ibyobo bibiri byateguwe neza cyangwa impeta kugirango bihuze n'inkoni zo ku ruhande;
● Mu nkoni zimodoka zifite hydrostatike (GORU) - agace cyangwa umwobo wo guhuza inkoni ya silindiri ya hydraulic ya GORU.
Nyamara, ku modoka nyinshi, trapezoide ifite lendulum ikoreshwa cyane - muri ubwo buryo, impuzandengo yo guterana ku mpande zayo ifite umwobo wo gushiraho lendulum no kuyobora bipod.
Inkoni zishobora guhindurwa zigizwe nibice bibiri byingenzi: inkoni ubwayo hamwe ninama yo kuyobora.Impanuro irashobora guhindura imyanya yayo ugereranije nigitero muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, igufasha guhindura uburebure bwigice.Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhindura imitekerereze, irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri:
Guhindura ibishushanyo mbonera byimashini hamwe no gukomera
Guhindura insanganyamatsiko hamwe no gufunga nimbuto ifunze;
Guhindura ukoresheje urudodo cyangwa uburyo bwa telesikopi hamwe no gukosora hamwe na clamp ikomera.
Mugihe cyambere, inama ifite urudodo rwinjiye mumutwe wo gusubiza kumpera yinkoni, cyangwa ubundi, kandi gukosora kuva kumutwe bikorwa nimbuto ifunze kumutwe umwe.Mugihe cya kabiri, isonga irashobora kandi kwinjizwa mu nkoni, cyangwa kuyinjizamo gusa, kandi gukosora kuva kumutwe bikorwa no gufatisha gukomera hejuru yinyuma yinkoni.Gufunga gukomera birashobora kuba bigufi kandi bigakomera hamwe na bolt imwe gusa hamwe nutubuto, cyangwa ubugari hamwe no gufatisha ibice bibiri.
Inkoni zose ziyobora zifitanye isano hamwe nibindi bice bya sisitemu yo kuyobora - ibi bituma imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu bibaho mugihe cyimodoka.Amapine yumupira akora nkamashoka ya hinges, ashyirwa mumyobo yibice byo guhuza hamwe nutubuto twambitswe ikamba.
Inkoni ikozwe mu byuma byo mu byiciro bitandukanye, irashobora kugira igikingirizo gikingira muburyo bwo gusiga irangi risanzwe cyangwa igipangu cya galvanike hamwe nibyuma bitandukanye - zinc, chromium nibindi.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo no gusimbuza inkoni
Inkoni zo kuyobora mugihe cyimodoka zikorerwa imitwaro ihambaye, kuburyo bihita bidakoreshwa.Kenshi na kenshi, ibibazo bibaho mumipira yumupira, nanone inkoni ziterwa no guhinduka no kugaragara kumeneka hamwe no gusenya igice.Imikorere mibi yinkoni irashobora kugaragazwa no gusubira inyuma no gukubita uruziga, cyangwa, kurundi ruhande, uruziga rukomeye cyane, gukomanga bitandukanye mugihe utwaye, kimwe no gutakaza umutekano uhagaze neza mumodoka (irayobora) ).Mugihe ibyo bimenyetso bigaragara, kuyobora bigomba gusuzumwa, kandi niba hagaragaye ibibazo byinkoni, noneho bigomba gusimburwa.
Kubisimbuza, ugomba guhitamo izo nkoni ninama zashyizwe kumodoka mbere - gusa murubu buryo hari garanti yerekana ko kuyobora bizakora neza.Niba ikibazo cyarabaye mu nkoni imwe cyangwa uruhande rumwe, noneho nibyiza gusimbuza ibi bice muburyo bubiri, naho ubundi haribishoboka cyane cyane kunanirwa gukwega kumurongo wa kabiri.
Gusimbuza inkoni bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gusana no gufata neza imodoka.Mubisanzwe iki gikorwa kiza kumanura imodoka kuri jack, gusenya inkoni zishaje (kubwibyo nibyiza gukoresha puller idasanzwe) no gushiraho izindi.Nyuma yo gusana, birasabwa guhindura camber-guhuza.Gukurura gushya kumamodoka amwe (cyane cyane amakamyo) bigomba gusigwa rimwe na rimwe, ariko mubisanzwe ibyo bice ntibisaba kubungabungwa mubuzima bwa serivisi yose.
Hamwe noguhitamo neza no gusimbuza inkoni, kugenzura imodoka bizaba byizewe kandi byizewe muburyo bwose bwo gutwara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2023