Esikhathini sokushayela cishe zonke izimoto ezinamasondo kukhona izinto ezihambisa amandla ukusuka kumshini wokuqondisa kuya emasondweni - izinsimbi zokuqondisa.Konke mayelana nezinduku zokuqondisa, izinhlobo zazo ezikhona, ukuklama nokusebenza, kanye nokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwalezi zingxenye - funda esihlokweni esihlongozwayo.
Kuyini ukuqondisa?
Induku yokuqondisa - isici sokushayela komshini wokuqondisa wezimoto ezinamasondo (ngaphandle kwamagandaganda nezinye izinto ezinohlaka lokuphuka);ingxenye emise okwenduku ene-ball joint (amahinge) ehlinzeka ngokudluliswa kwamandla ukusuka kumshini wokuqondisa ukuya ezinsikeni zezibhakela zamasondo ajikelezayo nakwezinye izingxenye zedrayivu yokuqondisa.
Ukuqondisa kwezimoto ezinamasondo kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: indlela yokuqondisa kanye nokushayela kwayo.I-steering mechanism ilawulwa yi-steering wheel, ngosizo lwalo kudalwa amandla okuchezukisa amasondo ahambayo.La mandla adluliselwa emasondweni ngendlela yokushayela, okuwuhlelo lwezinduku nezinsimbi ezixhunywe ngamahinge.Enye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zedrayivu zihlukile endaweni, ukuklama kanye nenjongo yezintambo zokuqondisa.
Imisebenzi eminingana inikezwe izinduku zokuqondisa:
● Ukudluliswa kwamandla ukusuka kumshini wokuqondisa kuya ezingxenyeni ezihambisanayo zedrayivu kanye nokuya ngqo kumalevu ezinqindi zamasondo ajikelezayo;
● Ukubamba i-engeli ekhethiwe yokuzungezisa amasondo lapho wenza ukuqondisa;
● Ukulungiswa kwe-engeli yokuzungezisa kwamasondo esiteringi kuye ngendawo yesiteringi nokunye ukulungiswa kwegiya lokuqondisa ngokujwayelekile.
Izinduku zokuqondisa zixazulula umsebenzi onomthwalo wemfanelo wokudlulisa amandla kusukela kumshini wokuqondisa kuya emasondweni aqondisayo, ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, lezi zingxenye kufanele zishintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Kodwa ukuze kukhethwe kahle induku entsha, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezikhona, ukuklama nezici zalezi zingxenye.
Izinhlobo kanye nokusebenza kwezinduku zokuqondisa
Izinhlobo nemidwebo ye-trapezoidal steering
Izinduku zokuqondisa zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana ngenjongo, ukusebenziseka kanye nezinye izici zokuklama.
Ngokusebenzisa ama-thrust, kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
● Okwezinhlelo zokuqondisa ezisuselwe kuzikelemu nezinye izindlela zokuqondisa kanye ne-steering trapezoidal drive;
● Okwamasistimu okuqondisa asekelwe kuma-steering rack anedrayivu yesondo eqondile.
Ezinhlelweni zohlobo lokuqala (ezine-trapezoid zokuqondisa), kusetshenziswa izinduku ezimbili noma ezintathu, kuya ngohlobo lokumiswa kwe-axle elawulwayo kanye nohlelo lokuqondisa lwe-trapeze:
● Ku-axle ene-dependent suspension: izinti ezimbili - i-longitudinal eyodwa, evela ku-bipod yokuqondisa, neyodwa ephambanayo, exhunywe kumalever wezibhakela eziphendukayo zamasondo;
● Ku-ekseli ene-suspension ezimele: izinduku ezintathu - i-longitudinal middle eyodwa (maphakathi), exhunywe ku-bipod ye-steering mechanism, kanye nohlangothi lwe-longitudinal olubili, oluxhunywe phakathi nendawo kanye nezinsimbi zamakhamera ajikelezayo amasondo.
Kukhona futhi okuhlukile kwama-trapezoid ku-axle ene-suspension ezimele enezinduku ezimbili eziseceleni ezixhunywe ku-bipod yokuqondisa endaweni emaphakathi.Kodwa-ke, idrayivu yalolu hlelo ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqondiseni okusekelwe kuma-steering rack, achazwe ngezansi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ku-trapezoids yokuqondisa ye-axis ngokumiswa okuzimele, empeleni, induku eyodwa yokuqondisa isetshenziswa, ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu - ibizwa ngokuthi i-dissected thrust.Ukusetshenziswa kwegiya lokuqondisa elihlukanisiwe kuvimbela ukuchezuka okuzenzakalelayo kwamasondo esiteringi lapho ushayela emigwaqweni engalingani ngenxa yama-amplitudes ahlukene okuzulazula kwamasondo angakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele.I-trapezoid ngokwayo ingatholakala ngaphambi nangemva kwe-axle yamasondo, esimweni sokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi ingaphambili, okwesibili - ngemuva (ngakho ungacabangi ukuthi "i-trapezoid yangemuva" iyidrayivu yokuqondisa etholakala. ku-asi engemuva yemoto).
Ezinhlelweni zokuqondisa ezisekelwe ku-rack steering, kusetshenziswa izinduku ezimbili kuphela - okuphambene kwesokudla nesobunxele kwedrayivu yesondo lesokudla nesobunxele, ngokulandelana.Eqinisweni, iyi-trapezoid yokuqondisa ene-dissected longitudinal thrust, ene-hinge phakathi nendawo - lesi sixazululo senza kube lula ukuklama kokuqondisa, okwandisa ukuthembeka kwayo.Izinduku zalo mshini zihlala zinomklamo oyinhlanganisela, izingxenye zazo zangaphandle zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amathiphu okuqondisa.
Izinduku zokuqondisa zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ngokuya ngamathuba okushintsha ubude bazo:
● Okungaguquki - izinduku zocezu olulodwa ezinobude obunikeziwe, zisetshenziswa kumadrayivu anezinye izinduku ezilungisekayo noma ezinye izingxenye;
● Okushintshekayo - izinti eziyinhlanganisela, okuthi, ngenxa yezingxenye ezithile, zishintshe ubude bazo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile ukuze kulungiswe igiya lokuqondisa.
Okokugcina, ukudonsa kungahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningi ngokuya ngokusebenza - ezimotweni namaloli, ezimotweni ezineziqondiso zamandla nezingenawo, njll.
Umklamo wenduku yokuqondisa
Umklamo olula unezinduku ezingalungiseki - isisekelo sazo siyinduku engenalutho noma yonke-metal yephrofayili ethile (ingaba iqonde noma igobe ngokuhambisana nezici zokuklama zemoto), kwesinye noma zombili iziphetho zazo kukhona ibhola. amalunga.Amahinge - awahlukaniseki, aqukethe umzimba onomunwe webhola otholakala ngaphakathi ngentambo yenati lomqhele kanye nomgodi ophambanayo wephini;Ihinge ingavalwa nge-anther yerabha ukuvikela ukungcola namanzi.Ku-thrust transverse, izimbazo zeminwe zamalungu ebhola zihlelwa endizeni efanayo noma zisuswe nge-engeli encane.Ku-thrust ye-longitudinal, izimbazo zeminwe yamahinge ngokuvamile zi-perpendicular komunye nomunye.
Idizayini ethize eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu inezinti ezinqamulayo ezingalungiseki.Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, izici ezengeziwe zinganikezwa:
● Ezintini zama-ekseli ancike ku-suspension - imbobo noma ihinji yokuxhuma ne-bipod yokuqondisa;
● Ezintanjeni zama-axles ane-suspension ezimele - izimbobo ezimbili ezihlelwe ngokulinganayo noma amahinge ukuze kuxhunywe izinduku eziseceleni;
● Kumarodi ezimoto ezine-hydrostatic steering (GORU) - ubakaki noma imbobo yokuxhuma entweni yesilinda se-hydraulic YEGORU.
Kodwa-ke, ezimotweni eziningi, ama-trapezoid ane-pendulum lever asetshenziswa kabanzi - ezinhlelweni ezinjalo, ukuphonswa kwe-lateral okujwayelekile kumathiphu ayo kunezimbobo zokufaka i-pendulum lever kanye ne-bipod yokuqondisa.
Izinduku zokuqondisa ezilungisekayo zihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: induku ngokwayo kanye nethiphu yokuqondisa exhunywe kuyo.Ithiphu ingashintsha indawo yayo uma iqhathaniswa ne-thrust ngendlela eyodwa noma enye, okukuvumela ukuthi ulungise ubude bengxenye.Ngokwendlela yokulungisa i-thrust, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
Idizayini yenduku yokuqondisa elungisekayo enezinsimbi eziqinisayo
● Ukulungiswa kwentambo ngokukhiya ngenadi lokukhiya;
● Ukulungiswa ngochungechunge noma indlela ye-telescopic ngokulungiswa nge-clamp yokuqinisa.
Esimweni sokuqala, ithiphu inomucu oboshwe entanjeni yokuphendula ekugcineni kwenduku, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, futhi ukulungiswa okuvela ku-cranking kwenziwa yinadi lokukhiya kuntambo efanayo.Esimweni sesibili, ithiphu ingaphinde ifakwe endongeni, noma ivele ifakwe kuyo, futhi ukulungiswa kusuka ku-cranking kwenziwa nge-clamp yokuqinisa endaweni yangaphandle yenduku.I-clamp yokuqinisa ingaba mncane futhi iqiniswe ngebhawodi eyodwa kuphela enamantongomane, noma ububanzi ngokuqiniswa kwamabhawodi amabili.
Zonke izinduku zokuqondisa zinokuxhumana okunamathekisthi komunye nomunye nangezinye izingxenye zesistimu yokuqondisa - lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto.Izikhonkwane zebhola zisebenza njengezimbazo zamahinge, zigxilwe emigodini yezingxenye zokukhwelana ngamantongomane omqhele ahlanganiswe nezikhonkwane.
Izinduku zenziwe ngensimbi yamabanga ahlukahlukene, zingaba ne-coating yokuzivikela ngendlela yepende evamile noma i-galvanic enamathela ngezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene - zinc, chromium nabanye.
Indlela yokukhetha nokushintsha induku yokuqondisa
Izinsimbi zokuqondisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto zingaphansi kwemithwalo ebalulekile, ngakho-ke zisheshe zingasebenzi.Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zenzeka emalungeni ebhola, futhi izinduku zingaphansi kwe-deformation kanye nokubonakala kwemifantu ngokubhujiswa okulandelayo kwengxenye.Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinduku kungaboniswa ukuhlehla nokushaywa kwesondo, noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, isondo eliqinile kakhulu, ukungqongqoza okuhlukahlukene ngenkathi ushayela, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzinza kwemoto (kuholela kude. ).Lapho lezi zimpawu zivela, ukuqondisa kufanele kutholwe, futhi uma izinkinga ngezinduku zitholwa, kufanele zishintshwe.
Ukushintshwa, kufanele ukhethe lezo zinduku zokuqondisa kanye namathiphu afakwe emotweni ngaphambili - kuphela ngale ndlela kukhona iziqinisekiso zokuthi ukuqondisa kuzosebenza kahle.Uma inkinga yenzeka kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa lwenduku noma ithiphu, kungcono ukushintsha lezi zingxenye ngepheya, ngaphandle kwalokho kunamathuba aphezulu kakhulu okuhluleka kokudonsa esondweni lesibili.
Ukushintshwa kwezinduku kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokulungisa nokugcinwa kwemoto.Ngokuvamile lokhu kusebenza kwehlela ekuphakamiseni imoto kujeke, ukudiliza izinduku ezindala (okulungele ukusebenzisa i-puller ekhethekile) nokufaka ezintsha.Ngemuva kokulungiswa, kunconywa ukulungisa i-camber-convergence.Ukuhamba okusha kwezinye izimoto (ikakhulukazi amaloli) kufanele kugcotshwe ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zingxenye azidingi ukulungiswa phakathi nayo yonke impilo yesevisi.
Ngokukhetha okulungile nokushintshwa kwezinduku zokuqondisa, ukulawulwa kwemoto kuzoba okuthembekile nokuzethemba kuzo zonke izindlela zokushayela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-06-2023