Amakamyo menshi afite sisitemu yo guhindura amapine agufasha guhitamo igitutu cyiza kubutaka butandukanye.Ibiziga by'ifaranga bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere ya sisitemu - soma intego yabyo, igishushanyo mbonera, kubungabunga no gusana mu ngingo.
Muri rusange reba sisitemu yo kugenzura amapine
Impinduka nyinshi zamakamyo KAMAZ, GAZ, ZIL, MAZ, KrAZ nizindi zifite sisitemu yo kugenzura amapine yikora cyangwa yintoki.Sisitemu igufasha guhindura (kuzamura no kuzamura) no gukomeza umuvuduko wihariye mubiziga, bityo ugatanga urwego rukenewe rwubushobozi bwambukiranya igihugu nibipimo byerekana neza.Kurugero, kumpamvu zikomeye, nibyiza cyane kugendagenda kumuziga wuzuye - ibi bigabanya gukoresha lisansi kandi bigateza imbere imikorere.Kandi kubutaka bworoshye no hanze yumuhanda, nibyiza cyane kugendagenda kumuziga wamanutse - ibi byongera aho uhurira nipine hamwe nubuso, bikagabanya umuvuduko wihariye kubutaka kandi byongera ubushobozi bwambukiranya igihugu.
Byongeye kandi, iyi sisitemu irashobora gukomeza umuvuduko wamapine mugihe kirekire iyo yacumiswe, bityo bigatuma gusana gusubikwa kugeza igihe cyoroshye (cyangwa kugeza igaraje cyangwa ahantu heza hageze).Hanyuma, mubihe bitandukanye, bituma bishoboka kureka guta igihe kwifaranga ryintoki zumuziga, byorohereza imikorere yimodoka nakazi ka shoferi.
Muburyo, sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wibiziga biroroshye.Ishingiye kuri valve igenzura, itanga isoko cyangwa amaraso yumwuka uva kumuziga.Umwuka ucanye uva mubyakiriwe bihuye unyura mu miyoboro igana ku ruziga, aho yinjira mu muyoboro w’ikirere mu ruziga rw’ibiziga unyuze mu kashe ya peteroli no guhuza kunyerera.Ku isohokera rya shitingi ya axle, nanone binyuze mu kunyerera, umwuka utangwa binyuze mumashanyarazi yimodoka ihindagurika yimodoka kuri crane yibiziga, kandi unyuze muri chambre cyangwa ipine.Sisitemu nkiyi itanga umwuka wugarijwe kumuziga, haba iyo uhagaze ndetse nigihe imodoka igenda, bikwemerera guhindura umuvuduko wapine utaretse akazu.
Nanone, mu gikamyo icyo ari cyo cyose, ndetse gifite ibikoresho bya sisitemu, birakenewe gutanga uburyo bushoboka bwo kuvoma ibiziga cyangwa gukora indi mirimo hamwe n'umwuka uhumanye uva muri sisitemu isanzwe.Kugirango ukore ibi, imodoka ifite ibikoresho bitandukanye byapine ipine, ikoreshwa mugihe imodoka ihagaritswe.Hifashishijwe shitingi, urashobora gutwika amapine, imodoka yawe nizindi modoka, gutanga umwuka ugabanijwe muburyo butandukanye, ukabikoresha mugusukura ibice, nibindi.
Reka turebe neza igishushanyo n'ibiranga ama hose.
Ubwoko, igishushanyo n’ahantu h’ifaranga ry’ifaranga muri sisitemu ya pneumatike
Mbere ya byose, ibiziga byose byifaranga bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije intego zabo:
- Ibiziga by'ibiziga bya sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko w'ipine;
- Gutandukanya ama shitingi yo kuvoma ibiziga no gukora ibindi bikorwa.
Inzu zo mubwoko bwa mbere ziherereye ku ruziga, zashyizwe ku buryo bukomeye ku bikoresho byazo kandi zifite uburebure buke (hafi bingana na radiyo y'uruziga).Amabati yubwoko bwa kabiri afite uburebure burebure (kuva kuri metero 6 kugeza kuri 24 cyangwa zirenga), bubikwa mumwanya wikubye mumasanduku yigikoresho kandi bikoreshwa gusa nkuko bikenewe.
Inzu yo kuvoma ibiziga byubwoko bwa mbere byateguwe kuburyo bukurikira.Nibigufi (kuva kuri mm 150 kugeza kuri 420 mm cyangwa birenga, bitewe nibisabwa hamwe nogushiraho - imbere cyangwa inyuma, ibiziga byo hanze cyangwa imbere, nibindi) reberi ya reberi ifite ibice bibiri byubwoko bumwe cyangwa ubundi hamwe nigitereko.Na none, kuri hose kuruhande rwo kwishyiriraho, igitereko gishobora kwomekwa kumurongo wikiziga gifata hose mumwanya wakazi kumurongo.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwibikoresho, ama shitingi agabanijwe mumatsinda akurikira:
- Ibinyomoro hamwe nuudodo bikwiranye.Kuruhande rwumugereka kuri shitingi ya axle hari igikwiye hamwe nubutaka bwubumwe, kuruhande rwa crane yibiziga hari urudodo rukwiye;
- Imbuto - ibinyomoro.Hose ikoresha fitingi hamwe nimbuto zubumwe;
- Urudodo rukwiranye nimbuto hamwe nu mwobo wa radiyo.Kuruhande rwumutambiko wa axe hari igikwiye muburyo bwimbuto ifite umwobo umwe wa radiyo, kuruhande rwa crane yibiziga hari urudodo rukwiranye.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwa braid, hose ni ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi:
- Kuzunguruka;
- Icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma (amaboko akomeye).
Twabibutsa ko ama shitingi yose adafite imirongo, ariko kuba ihari byongera cyane igihe kirekire nubuzima bwa serivisi ya hose, cyane cyane iyo ikora imodoka mubihe bigoye.Mu modoka zimwe, kurinda hose bitangwa nicyuma kidasanzwe gifatanye kumurongo kandi gitwikiriye hose hose hamwe nibikoresho.
Amabati atandukanye yo kuvoma ibiziga mubisanzwe ni reberi ishimangirwa (hamwe nimbaraga zinyuma zishimangira), hamwe na diameter y'imbere ya mm 4 cyangwa 6.Ku mpera imwe ya hose, inama ifite clamp ifatanye kugirango ikosore uruziga kuri valve yumuyaga, kumpera yinyuma hariho igikwiye muburyo bwimbuto yamababa cyangwa ubundi bwoko.
Muri rusange, ama hose yubwoko bwose afite igishushanyo cyoroshye, nuko rero kiramba kandi cyizewe.Ariko, bakeneye kandi kubungabunga no gusana buri gihe.
Kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibibazo bya inflation yibiziga
Inzu ya Booster irasuzumwa kuri buri kintu gisanzwe mu rwego rwo kubungabunga sisitemu yo guhindura amapine.Buri munsi, ama shitingi agomba guhanagurwaho umwanda na shelegi, gukora igenzura ryayo, nibindi. Hamwe na TO-1, birakenewe ko ugenzura kandi, nibiba ngombwa, ugahambira ibifunga bya shitingi (fitingi na brake kugirango bifatanye rim, niba yatanzwe).Hanyuma, hamwe na TO-2, birasabwa gukuramo ama shitingi, kwoza no kuyahuha numwuka uhumanye, hanyuma ukabisimbuza nibiba ngombwa.
Niba hagaragaye ibice, kuvunika no guturika kwa hose, kimwe no kwangirika cyangwa guhindura imikorere yabyo, igice kigomba gusimburwa munteko.Imikorere mibi ya hose irashobora kandi kugaragazwa nigikorwa kidahagije cya sisitemu yo kugenzura amapine, byumwihariko, kutabasha kuzamura ibiziga kumuvuduko mwinshi, kumeneka kwikirere mumwanya utabogamye wa valve igenzura, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko ugaragara muri ibiziga bitandukanye, nibindi
Gusimbuza hose bikorwa iyo moteri ihagaritswe na nyuma yumuvuduko urekuwe muri sisitemu yimodoka.Kubisimbuza, birahagije gukuramo ibyuma bya hose, kugenzura no guhanagura umuyaga wumuyaga wikiziga hamwe no guhuza uruziga, hanyuma ugashyiraho shitingi nshya ukurikije amabwiriza yo kubungabunga no gusana iyi modoka yihariye.Mu binyabiziga bimwe (moderi zitari nke za KAMAZ, KrAZ, GAZ-66 nizindi) birashobora kuba ngombwa gusenya igifuniko kirinda, gisubira mumwanya wacyo nyuma yo gushiraho hose.
Hamwe no kubungabunga buri gihe no gusimbuza ku gihe amapine y’ibiciro by’ibiziga, sisitemu yo kugenzura amapine izakora neza kandi neza, ifashe gukemura ibibazo bikomeye byo gutwara abantu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2023