Amaloli amaningi anesistimu yokulungiswa kwengcindezi yesondo evumela ukuthi ukhethe ukucindezela komhlaba okulungile kwezimo ezahlukene.Amapayipi e-inflation yamasondo adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwalesi simiso - funda ngenhloso yawo, ukuklama, ukugcinwa nokulungisa esihlokweni.
Ukubheka okuvamile ohlelweni lokulawula umfutho wesondo
Inqwaba yokuguqulwa kwamaloli i-KAMAZ, i-GAZ, i-ZIL, i-MAZ, i-KrAZ nezinye ifakwe uhlelo lokulawula ukucindezela kwesondo oluzenzakalelayo noma lwezandla.Lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe (uphakamise futhi uphakamise) futhi ugcine ingcindezi ethile emasondweni, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze izinga elidingekayo lekhono lokuwela izwe kanye nezinkomba zokusebenza kahle.Isibonelo, ezindaweni eziqinile, kusebenza kahle kakhulu ukuhamba ngamasondo agcwele umoya - lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphatha.Futhi enhlabathini ethambile nangaphandle komgwaqo, kusebenza kahle kakhulu ukuhamba ngamasondo ehlisiwe - lokhu kwandisa indawo yokuxhumana yamathayi nendawo, ngokulandelana, kunciphisa ukucindezela okuqondile phansi futhi kwandisa ikhono lokuwela izwe.
Ukwengeza, lolu hlelo lungakwazi ukugcina ukucindezela kwesondo okuvamile isikhathi eside lapho libhobozwa, ngaleyo ndlela livumele ukulungiswa kuhlehliswe kuze kube isikhathi esikahle (noma kuze kufinyelelwe igaraji noma indawo ekahle).Okokugcina, ezimweni ezihlukahlukene, kwenza kube lula ukushiya ukwehla kwamandla emali okwenziwa ngesandla amasondo, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza kwemoto kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.
Ngokwesakhiwo, uhlelo lokulawula umfutho wesondo lulula.Isekelwe ku-valve yokulawula, ehlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa noma ukopha komoya ovela emasondweni.Umoya ocindezelwe osuka kusamukeli ohambisanayo ugeleza ngamapayipi uye emasondweni, lapho ungena khona eshafini lomoya kushafti yamasondo ngebhulokhi yezinsimbi zikawoyela kanye noxhumo olushelelayo.Ekuphumeni kwe-axle shaft, futhi ngoxhumo olushelelayo, umoya unikezwa ngepayipi eliguquguqukayo lokwehla kwamandla emali ku-crane wamasondo, futhi ngawo uye ekamelweni noma ethayini.Uhlelo olunjalo lunikeza umoya ocindezelweyo emasondweni, kokubili uma upaka futhi ngenkathi imoto ihamba, okukuvumela ukuba ushintshe ukucindezela kwesondo ngaphandle kokushiya i-cab.
Futhi, kunoma iyiphi iloli, ngisho ifakwe lolu hlelo, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ithuba lokupompa amasondo noma ukwenza omunye umsebenzi ngomoya onomfutho ovela ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwe-pneumatic.Ukuze wenze lokhu, imoto ifakwe ehlukile isondo inflation hose, esetshenziswa kuphela lapho imoto imisiwe.Ngosizo lwe-hose, ungafaka umoya amathayi, kokubili imoto yakho nezinye izimoto, unikeze umoya ocindezelwe ezicini ezihlukahlukene, uwusebenzise ukuhlanza izingxenye, njll.
Ake sihlolisise ukuklama nezici zamapayipi.
Izinhlobo, ukwakheka kanye nendawo yamapayipi okwehla kwamandla emali kwamasondo ohlelweni lwe-pneumatic
Okokuqala, wonke amapayipi okwehla kwamandla emali amasondo ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokwenhloso yawo:
- Amapayipi amasondo esistimu yokulawula ingcindezi yesondo;
- Amapayipi ahlukene wokupompa amasondo kanye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi.
Ama-hoses ohlobo lokuqala atholakala ngqo emasondweni, afakwe ngokuqinile ekufakweni kwawo futhi anobude obufushane (cishe obulingana ne-radius yerimu).Amapayipi ohlobo lwesibili anobude obude (kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-24 amamitha noma ngaphezulu), agcinwa endaweni egoqiwe ebhokisini lamathuluzi futhi asetshenziswa kuphela njengoba kudingeka.
Amapayipi okupompa amasondo ohlobo lokuqala ahlelwe kanje.Lokhu kufushane (kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-420 mm noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi ukusebenziseka nendawo yokufaka - ngaphambili noma ngemuva, amasondo angaphandle noma angaphakathi, njll.) Ipayipi yerabha enezinsimbi ezimbili zohlobo olulodwa noma olunye kanye ne-braid.Futhi, epayipini elingasohlangothini olufakwayo, ubakaki ungaxhunywa ku-crane wamasondo obambe ipayipi lapho lisebenza khona unqenqema.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokufakwa, ama-hoses ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- Amantongomane kanye nokufakwa kwemicu.Ehlangothini lokunamathisela ku-axle shaft kukhona ukufakwa nge-union nut, ohlangothini lwe-wheel crane kukhona ukufakwa kwentambo;
- Nut - nut.I-hose isebenzisa ukufakwa ngamantongomane e-union;
- Ukufakwa kwemicu namantongomane anembobo ye-radial.Eceleni kwe-axle shaft kukhona ukulingana ngendlela yentongomane enembobo eyodwa ye-radial, eceleni kwe-wheel crane kukhona ukufakwa kwentambo.
Ngokusho kohlobo lwe-braid, ama-hoses ayizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Spiral braid;
- I-Metal braided braid (umkhono oqinile).
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-hoses anama-braids, kodwa ukuba khona kwawo kwandisa kakhulu ukuqina nokuphila kwesevisi ye-hose, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa imoto ezimweni ezinzima.Kwezinye izimoto, ukuvikelwa kwe-hose kunikezwa i-casing yensimbi ekhethekile enamathela emgqeni futhi imboze ngokuphelele i-hose ngokufakwa.
Amapayipi ahlukene okupompa amasondo ngokuvamile aqiniswa ngenjoloba (ngokuqiniswa kwentambo ye-multilayer yangaphakathi), enobubanzi bangaphakathi obuyi-4 noma 6 mm.Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-hose, ithiphu ene-clamp ifakwe ukulungisa isondo ku-valve yomoya, ekugcineni okuphambene kukhona ukulingana ngendlela ye-wing nut noma olunye uhlobo.
Ngokuvamile, amapayipi azo zonke izinhlobo anomklamo olula, ngakho-ke aqinile futhi anokwethenjelwa.Nokho, zidinga ukunakekelwa kanye nokulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinkinga zokugcinwa nokushintshwa kwamapayipi e-inflation yamasondo
Ama-booster hoses ayahlolwa ekugcinweni kwenkambiso ngayinye njengengxenye yokugcinwa kwesistimu yokulungisa umfutho wesondo.Nsuku zonke, amapayipi kufanele ahlanzwe ukungcola neqhwa, enze ukuhlolwa kwawo okubukwayo, njll. Nge-TO-1, kuyadingeka ukuhlola futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuqinisa ama-fasteners of the hoses (kokubili okokufakwa kanye nobakaki wokunamathisela i-rim, uma ihlinzekiwe).Okokugcina, nge-TO-2, kunconywa ukususa ama-hoses, ukuwahlanza nokuwashaya ngomoya ocindezelwe, futhi esikhundleni sawo uma kunesidingo.
Uma kutholakala ukuqhekeka, ukuphuka nokuphuka kwe-hose, kanye nokulimala noma ukuguqulwa kokufakwa kwayo, ingxenye kufanele ishintshwe emhlanganweni.Ukungasebenzi kahle kwama-hoses kungabuye kuboniswe ngokusebenza ngendlela enganele kwesistimu yokulawula ingcindezi yesondo, ikakhulukazi, ukungakwazi ukufaka umoya amasondo kungcindezi enkulu, ukuvuza komoya endaweni engathathi hlangothi ye-valve yokulawula, umehluko obonakalayo wengcindezi amasondo ahlukene, njll.
Ukushintshwa kwe-hose kwenziwa lapho injini imisiwe futhi ngemva kokukhishwa kwengcindezi ohlelweni lwe-pneumatic yemoto.Ukuze ushintshe, kwanele ukukhulula ukufakwa kwe-hose, hlola futhi uhlanze i-valve yomoya yesondo kanye nokufakwa ku-axle shaft, bese ufaka ipayipi elisha ngokulandela imiyalelo yokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwale moto.Kwezinye izimoto (inani lamamodeli we-KAMAZ, KrAZ, GAZ-66 nabanye) kungase kudingeke ukudiliza ikhava yokuzivikela, ebuyela endaweni yayo ngemva kokufaka i-hose.
Ngokulungiswa okuvamile kanye nokushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamapayipi e-inflation yamasondo, uhlelo lokulawula ukucindezela kwesondo luzosebenza ngokwethembeka nangempumelelo, lusize ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuthutha eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2023