mu injini iliyonse yamakono yoyaka mkati, zisindikizo zimaperekedwa kuti ateteze mafuta kuchokera kumutu wa silinda kuti asalowe m'zipinda zoyaka - zipewa zochotsera mafuta.Phunzirani zonse za zigawozi, mitundu yawo, mapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito, komanso kusankha kolondola ndi kusinthidwa kwa zipewa - phunzirani m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi kapu ya deflector yamafuta ndi chiyani?
Chophimba chamafuta (chophimba mafuta, chisindikizo cha valve, chigoba cha valve, chosindikizira chosindikizira) ndi chinthu chosindikizira cha makina ogawa gasi a injini yoyaka mkati yokhala ndi ma valve apamwamba;Chophimba cha rabara choyikidwa pa mkono wowongolera ndi tsinde la valve kuti mafuta a injini alowe muchipinda choyaka.
Njira ya valve yomwe ili pamutu wa silinda imapanga vuto lalikulu: kuthekera kwa mafuta kulowa m'zipinda zoyaka moto kuchokera pamwamba pamutu.Mafuta amalowa m'mipata pakati pa ma valve ndi manja awo otsogolera, ndipo ndizosatheka kuthetsa mipata imeneyi.Kuti athetse vutoli, zinthu zapadera zosindikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - zipewa zamafuta (zochotsa mafuta) zomwe zili pamwamba pa kalozera ndikusindikiza kusiyana pakati pa tsinde la valve ndi wowongolera.
Mafuta opaka mafuta amagwira ntchito ziwiri:
● Kupewa kulowetsa mafuta m'zipinda zoyaka moto za masilinda pamene ma valve atsegulidwa;
● Kupewa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuchokera m'chipinda choyaka moto kulowa mu makina ogawa gasi omwe ali pamutu.
Chifukwa cha zisoti, mawonekedwe ofunikira a kusakaniza koyaka m'zipinda zoyaka amaperekedwa (mafuta samalowamo, omwe amatha kusokoneza kuyaka kwa osakaniza, kumayambitsa utsi wochulukirapo komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya injini. ), amachepetsa mphamvu ya carbon madipoziti pa kuyaka chipinda ndi mavavu ( carbon madipoziti kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa kachulukidwe wa kutseka valavu) ndi kupewa kuipitsidwa kwambiri kwa injini mafuta.Zipewa zolakwika, zotha nthawi yomweyo zimadzimva, zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a injini, chifukwa chake ziyenera kusinthidwa posachedwa.Koma musanapite ku sitolo kuti mupeze zisindikizo zatsopano za mafuta a valve, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yomwe ilipo, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Mapangidwe a kapu yamafuta opaka mafuta
Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka zipewa za deflector mafuta
Zisindikizo zonse za gland valve zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamainjini amakono zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri molingana ndi mapangidwe ndi njira yoyika:
● Zovala zamkati;
● Zipewa za flange.
Magawo amitundu yonse ali ndi mapangidwe ofanana, amasiyana mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane komanso mawonekedwe oyika.
kuyika kapu yamtundu wa cuff mafuta scraper cap
Mapangidwe a kapu yamtundu wa milomo amapangidwa ndi manja a rabara osinthika, gawo lake lakumunsi limapangidwa kuti lifanane ndi m'mimba mwake la manja owongolera ma valve, ndipo kumtunda kuli ndi mainchesi a tsinde la valve.Chophimbacho chimapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphira yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso makina, nthawi zambiri fluororubber.Mkati mwa kapu - pamwamba pa zoyenera kwa kalozera - ndi corrugated kuonetsetsa kukhudzana bwino ndi snug zoyenera.Pamwamba pa tsinde la valve nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndi ma bevel omwe amapereka bwino kuchotsa mafuta ku tsinde pamene valavu imayenda pansi.
Pakunja kwa kapu pali chinthu cholimbikitsa - mphete yowumitsa chitsulo, yomwe imaonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosavuta poyika chisindikizo cha mafuta ndi kudalirika kwake panthawi ya injini.Kumtunda (pamalo omatira ku ndodo ya valavu) pa kapu pali kasupe wa koyilo yokulungidwa mu mphete - imapereka kukhudzana kolimba kwa magawo, kuteteza kulowa kwa mafuta ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka m'chipinda choyaka. .
Mwamapangidwe, zipewa za flanged ndizofanana ndi zisoti za milomo, kupatula tsatanetsatane: mu zisindikizo zamafuta izi, mphete yowumitsa yachitsulo imakhala ndi kutalika kwake, ndipo m'munsi mwake imadutsa mumtambo wosalala wa mainchesi akulu kuposa kapu yokha. .Mukayika kapu yotere, kasupe wa valve amakhala pa flange yake, kuonetsetsa kuti chisindikizocho chikhale chotetezeka.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti masiku ano palinso zipewa zamafuta opopera apangidwe kaphatikizidwe.Mbali yawo yapansi imapangidwa ndi mphira wonyezimira komanso wosagwira kutentha, ndipo kumtunda kumapangidwa ndi mphira wonyezimira, womwe umakwaniritsa kukana kwakukulu kwa gawolo ku katundu wosiyanasiyana.Kulumikizana kwa magawo kumachitika ndi mphete yachitsulo ya mawonekedwe ovuta.
Malinga ndi cholinga chawo, zisoti zamafuta amafuta zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
● Kwa mavavu olowera;
● Kwa mavavu otulutsa mpweya.
Popeza ma valve olowera ndi otulutsa amakhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana pa injini yomweyo, zisindikizo zofananira zimayikidwanso pa iwo.Kuzindikiritsa kodalirika ndikuyika kolondola kwa ma valve olowetsa ndi kutulutsa, ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kuyika kapu yamafuta amtundu wa flange
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera kale, zipewa zochotsera mafuta zimayikidwa mwachindunji pamanja otsogolera ma valve ndikuphimba ma valve ndi gawo lawo lakumtunda.Mafuta akuyenda pansi pazitsulo za valve amayimitsidwa ndi m'mphepete mwa ntchito pamwamba pa kapu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kulowa m'chipinda choyaka moto.Momwemonso, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umasungidwa kumbali yakumbuyo (yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi kasupe wa mphete).Kukhazikika kwa m'mphepete mwa ntchito ku tsinde la valve kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kusungunuka kwa mphira ndi mphete yowonjezera ya masika.Kuchuluka kwa zipewa zopangira mafuta mu injini zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma valve omwe adayikidwapo.
Momwe mungasankhire ndikusintha zisoti zopopera mafuta molondola
Zovala zamafuta ndi zida zosinthika zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zatsopano zikatha.Kwa injini zosiyanasiyana, mawu osiyanasiyana amayikidwa kuti asinthe zisoti chizolowezi - kuyambira 50 mpaka 150,000 km.Komabe, zisindikizo nthawi zambiri zimatha nthawi isanakwane, kufunikira kowasintha kumawonetsedwa ndi utsi wochuluka wa utsi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta, komanso mu injini zamafuta - komanso kuwaza makandulo ndi mafuta.Izi zikusonyeza kuti nsonga zogwirira ntchito za zipewa zataya kale kusungunuka kwake ndipo sizikugwirizana bwino ndi tsinde la valve, kapena zipewa zimangosweka, zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka.
Zipewa zamafuta a flanged
M'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kutenga zipewa zomwezo zomwe zidayikidwa pa injini kale.Nthawi zina, zisindikizo zina zamafuta zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi miyeso yoyambira yoyika ndi zinthu zopangira (makamaka polimbana ndi kutentha), apo ayi zipewa sizingagwere m'malo ndipo sizipereka. kusindikiza kwabwinobwino.
Kusintha kwa zisoti za deflector mafuta kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malangizo a kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.Kawirikawiri, ndondomekoyi imachokera ku zotsatirazi:
1.Dismantle chivundikiro chamutu cha silinda;
2.Ngati kuli kofunikira, chotsani ma camshafts, rocker arms ndi mbali zina za nthawi yoyendetsa galimoto zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito;
3.Tembenuzani crankshaft ya injini kuti pisitoni, pa mavavu omwe zisoti zisinthe, ziyime pakatikati pakufa (TDC);
4.Kuwumitsa ma valve ndi ntchito yosiyana yomwe imachitika motsatira malangizo ake.Poyanika, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chipangizo chapadera chopondereza akasupe a valve, maginito ochotsa crackers amathandizanso;
5.Mutatha kuchotsa akasupe, tulutsani (kanikizani) kapu - ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chokhala ndi collet grip, koma mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito pliers kapena screwdrivers awiri, koma apa ndikofunikira kuti musawononge tsinde la valve;
6.Tengani kapu yatsopano, ikani mafuta ake amkati ndi mafuta ndikuyiyika pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito mandrel apadera.Mukhoza choyamba kuchotsa kasupe ku kapu ndiyeno kuvala.Ndizovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa kapu popanda mandrel ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa gawolo;
7.Chitani ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa pazovala zonse ndikuphatikizanso.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera m'malo mwa zisoti zamafuta - chokoka cha inertial ndi mandrel pokanikizira.Apo ayi, pali chiopsezo chachikulu chowononga ntchito yonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowonjezera.Pambuyo m'malo, zisoti sizifuna chisamaliro chapadera, nthawi zina zimangofunika kulabadira mkhalidwe wawo molingana ndi mawonekedwe a injini.
Ndi kusankha koyenera ndi kulowetsa zipewa zopangira mafuta, mafuta pamutu wa silinda sangabweretse mavuto, ndipo ntchito ya injiniyo idzakwaniritsa miyezo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-26-2023